Difference between revisions of "Filmmaker"

Creative Commons licenses are a flexible way to share content while building on the strong foundation of traditional copyright law.

Simply put, Creative Commons licenses allow the shift from “all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved,” enabling you to share your work under terms of your own choosing. This gives you control over distribution, and the non-exclusivity of the licenses means you can retain all commercial rights if desired.

Creative Commons licenses all start with an attribution (BY) condition attached. This simply means that when content is used or shared the original creator needs to be credited. The BY condition can stand on its own as a license or, more commonly, with other conditions attached.

A Non-Commercial, or NC, condition can be attached to prohibit commercial use. A no-derivative, or ND, condition can be attached to allow verbatim sharing but no adapting or remixing. If derivatives are allowed a ShareAlike, or SA condition can be attached to ensure that any remixes or mash-ups are released under the same terms you originally specified.

That's it. These Creative Commons conditions provide a simple and easy way to mitigate the hassle of sharing a film online and encouraging dialog around a film's release.

How filmmakers have used a few of the different CC licenses in the past:

CC BY-NC-ND Viral campaigns, Trailers, and Digital Sharing

This license allows individuals to copy and share works, but restricts both derivative works and commercial use. Ideal for trailers, free downloads, and viral campaigns that require the source material to remain unaltered.

CC BY-NC-SA Remix Contests, Community Edits, and Source Material

This license allows the public to use content in a non-commercial context - ideal for both source material (remix contests & community edits) or as part of a broader distribution plan. Additionally, this license specifies that any remix or new work must be shared under the same BY-NC-SA license, retaining the NC condition for all remixes.

CC BY-SA Distribution and Non-Filmic Materials

By removing the non-commercial condition, this license encourages commercial entities (film societies, theaters, TV stations, etc.) to promote and use the film in their own realm. For independent filmmakers, this lowers transaction costs across the board and increases the visibility of their film through traditional channels of distribution. Similarly, non-filmic materials can be easily spread and shared, which results in additional promotion of the film.

CC BY Press-ready materials

The BY license is the least restrictive Creative Commons license - as such it encourages the most reuse of content. This is ideal for short clips, production stills, press copies, and bios as the content can easily be worked into any coverage.

Film Examples

These case studies can help you learn more about how filmmakers use Creative Commons licenses in their work.

Sita Sings The Blues

Talented animator, writer and producer Nina Paley released her film, Sita Sings the Blues, for free under a CC Attribution-Share Alike license in March of 2009. An adaptation of the Indian myth Ramayana, Sita Sings The Blues was renowned not only for its filmic merit - it received critical acclaim from the New York Times, Roger Ebert, and many others - but also for Paley's well-documented struggle with song-clearing rights. Her struggles with clearing these rights informed her decision to openly license Sita, thereby ensuring that her film would always remain easy to obtain and that any derivative works would also remain open and free. Sita Sings The Blues has been downloaded over 150,000 times on Archive.org alone. In allowing commercial reuse, Paley gave others a financial incentive to promote her film and distribute it for her - a 2009 article in the Wall Street Journal assessed its revenue at $55,000, an impressive amount for a film that had spent nothing on promotion or advertising. Similarly, the film's popularity has given Paley a platform for speaking arrangements, a financially lucrative market.

RiP: A Remix Manifesto

RiP: A Remix Manifesto was released under a CC Attribution-NonCommercial license, allowing the film to be shared broadly across the web and enabling interesting paths for derivative works. Conceived by documentarian Brett Gaylor, community editing of the film was achieved through open-source video platform Kaltura; the soundtrack was similarly sourced through music community ccMixter and released under the same license. The film, which follows the story of DJ/mash-up artist Gregg Gillis (Girl Talk) features interviews with leaders from the free culture world and paints an intriguing picture of the current legal landscape for musicians that rely on sampling as an artistic technique. More impressively, the film was nominated as a candidate for Best Feature Documentary at the 2010 Genie Awards, the Canadian equivalent of the Oscars.

Vincent Moon

Filmmaker and artist Vincent Moon first gained notoriety with his verité style performance pieces for French music blog La Blogotheque. Over the past seven years his creative output has been prolific, releasing music documentaries that range from impromptu performance Take Away Shows to event-based projects like Temporary Areas to Long Portrait features on rare musicians. Most recently, he launched a new label petites planétes, which also features music documentaries in his distinct and influential aesthetic. All of his work is available under a CC BY-NC or CC BY-NC-SA license.

Nasty Old People

Nasty Old People, a feature film from Swedish director Hanna Sköld, premiered on October 10th 2009 at Kontrapunkt, a gallery space in Malmö, Sweeden. The film was simultaneously released on The Pirate Bay (and other bittorrent sites) under a CC Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike license. The film's free online distribution increased visibility around the project, which led to community donations that have helped Sköld recoup much of her initial investment (a €10,000 bank loan). The film, which is originally in Swedish, has seen sixteen different subtitle tracks created by its community, a process legally enabled by allowing derivative works.

Tracey Fragments

To promote The Tracey Fragments, a Canadian film starring Ellen Page, director Bruce McDonald turned to CC licensing. Specifically, all of the footage from the film was released online under a CC Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike license for fans to download and rework into music videos, new trailers, or even to edit and remix the entire movie. The film's soundtrack, written by indie collective Broken Social Scene, was also released under CC BY-NC-SA. To further promote the project, a remix contest was held in which the winner recieved a Tracey Fragments/Final Cut Studio prize package.

Two Fists, One Heart

Australian family drama Two Fists, One Heart saw a wide-release in its home country that was coupled with a stand-alone site, Cut Your Own Scene, where fans could download rushes (unedited footage) of the film for free under a CC Attribution license. Footage from the film could be put to any use as long as Two Fists, One Heart was attributed with a link back to the official movie page. Much of the footage was unused in the film, maximizing the usefulness of a resource that would normally have been wasted. To encourage reuse of the footage, the five best scenes were posted on the Two Fists, One Heart promotional site and the winners received personal feedback on their edits and film careers.

Blender Foundation

Blender is a free, open source, 3D content creation suite used by bedroom auteurs to The History Channel. To promote the project, two short films, Elephants Dream and Big Buck Bunny, were released online under a CC BY license with wide-ranging benefits. First, the films acted as teaching tools - all the files were included in the release and those looking to better understand the program could use them to see how different compositional techniques were achieved. Second, the films generated positive promotion from having an easily shareable (and enjoyable) short film - not only were the films discussed and promoted online (promoting the Blender platform in the process) but Big Buck Bunny saw unsolicited airplay from a Worchester, MA local TV station. Lastly, the CC license enabled the creators to "give [their community] back the project results in a way [they] would have liked to receive it... meaning, freedom to re-use, also for commercial work."

More CC Films

Browse this list of feature-length or otherwise highly notable films under CC licenses. Feel free to add more!

Here's a brief sampling:

• The Cosmonaut: http://www.thecosmonaut.org/ and business plan incorporating CC http://elcosmonauta.es/plan_and_annexes.zip
• Sarawak Gone: http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/Association_for_Progressive_Communications_Australia, http://www.toysatellite.org/sarawak-gone/, http://www.toysatellite.org/sarawak-gone/license/
• Iron Sky: http://www.ironsky.net/
• Cafune: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/6048
• Engage Media: http://www.engagemedia.org/help/open-content-licensing/?searchterm=%22creative%20commons%22
• A Swarm of Angels: http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/A_Swarm_of_Angels
• Copy, damn! or Copiad, malditos!: (CC BY-NC) http://www.rtve.es/television/documentales/copiad-malditos/
• A Swarm of Angels: A Swarm of Angels is a groundbreaking project to create a £1 million film and give it away to over 1 million people using the Internet and a global community of members.
• Chris Denaro: Chris Denaro is an Australian animator who examines industrial processes of prototyping, incorporating Creative Commons materials into his animations to bring spontaneity and serendipity to his works.
• Following Alexis West: Following Alexis West is a documentary film which examines the effect of New Zealand’s switch to a proportional representation system has had on its politics and culture since 1996.
• Jay Dedman: Jay Dedman is a long time videoblogger creating online communities where people can learn, share, and remix their ideas.
• Show Some Color: Show Some Color is a project by the Fabricatorz production group that invites individual women to create videos on their racial identities.
• ilov.tv: Online documentary series about people who love what they do under CC BY-NC-ND
• The Forbidden Education, a documentary film about the need of change in education

External Resources

• The Center for Social Media at American University produced two helpful guides for filmmakers.
  • Answers to Common IP Questions for the Independent Documentary Filmmaker provides advice on common Intellectual Property issues faced by filmmakers. Section III specifically talks about the use of Creative Commons licenses.
  • Documentary Filmmakers’ Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use - From the website: "Documentary filmmakers have created, through their professional associations, a clear, easy to understand statement of fair and reasonable approaches to fair use."
  • Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Online Video - From the website: "This document is a code of best practices that helps creators, online providers, copyright holders, and others interested in the making of online video interpret the copyright doctrine of fair use."
• Netribution has an article titled "Creative Commons: An introduction for filmmakers"
• Videos produced by Creative Commons to describe what it means to license your work under a CC license.