Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Amharic

Translation of 4.0 into Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Amharic

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Jurisdictions participating in the translation
Ehiopia

Language coordination
No other jurisdictions

Actual timeline

Proposed timeline

Translation process
The translation is very consistent (in terms of terminology used, numbering, etc), faithful to the English version, clear to understand and generally very sound (both linguistically and legally).

August 9, 2016: Reviewers met and discussed the general reviewing method and timeline to be adopted.

August 10-20 2016: Yohannes Tesfaye carried out the initial verification process. He has edited the translation (by tracking changes and outlining the changes made to the translation using comments).

August 20, 2016: Yohannes Tesfaye e-mailed the reviewed translation to Solomon Mekonnen, along with comments, for further reviewing.

August 20-26, 2016: Solomon Mekonnen further reviewed the translation and emailed the same back to Yohannes with his comments.

August 30, 2016: Reviewers met and discussed outstanding issues, key terminologies and the final edit.

Aug. 30 – Sep. 4: Yohannes Tesfaye incorporated all comments into the translation and prepared final edit.

Website: http://creativecommons...

Team

• Yohannes Tesfaye: reviewer
• Solomon Mekonnen: reviewer

Word choice
There were some spelling, punctuation and format errors, a few missing (skipped) words, and inaccurate terminologies, which have been addressed and corrected by the reviewers.

Outstanding Issues

1. Capitalizations: as it has already been discussed before, Amharic does not have uppercase and lowercase letters. This was a challenge as the CC translation guide expressly requires that words and phrases capitalized in the English version should also be capitalized in corresponding translations. Therefore, words capitalized in the English version are currently not capitalized in the Amharic (as that is not an option in Amharic). But these words can be distinguished using bold letters, underlining or larger fonts. The reviewers request feedback from CC headquarter in this regard.
2. Abbreviations: some abbreviations in the source file (such as “BY NC SA” and “URI”) do not have any Amharic equivalents. To use an Amharic abbreviation for “BY NC SA”, for instance, would be confusing. Therefore, the translator has opted to use the full words in Amharic (ie. Attribution – NonCommercial - ShareAlike). In the case of “URI”, however, there is no Amharic equivalent for it (whether abbreviated or unabbreviated). Therefore, the translator has written “URI” using Amharic letters and used the English abbreviation in parenthesis for clarification.
3. Terminology: Some of the issues that the reviewers have faced with regard to terminology has been outlined as follows:

Attribution

this word was originally translated as “አመንጪውን መጥቀስ” which literally means “mentioning the creator”. But Solomon has clarified that attribution is more than just mentioning the creator and refers to providing a copyright notice, a license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material. Therefore, it has been corrected as “ዋቢ መረጃዎችን መጥቀስ”, which literally means “indicating/mentioning reference information”.

Material

this word was originally translated as “ስራ” in Amharic. But “ስራ” can also mean “work” in Amharic, which is an error that the translation expressly warns the translator to avoid, as it would exclude non-copyrightable materials such as database. Solomon had suggested that we use the term “ቁሳዊ የመረጃ ስብስብ” instead, which literally means “a collection of material information”. But we have finally come up with the term “የሥራ ውጤት”. This term literally means “products of work”, but it is a better translation of “material” as it is broader than ‘works’ and would include database and other non-copyrightable materials.

“Fair use” and “fair dealing”

these terms do not have Amharic equivalents. The translator had translated both as just “አግባብ ያለው አጠቃቀም”, which only addresses “fair use”. But both terms are now translated as closely as possible and the English terms have been used in parenthesis to avoid confusion.

Downstream recipients

this term was originally translated as “የሥር ወይም ቀጣይ ተቀባዮች”, which literally means “lower or next recipients”, which was vague. Therefore, it has been corrected as “የተቀባይ ተቀባዮች”, which literally means “recipients of recipients”, but which clearly conveys the meaning “people who receive the license from persons other than the original licensor”.

Status (as of)
In progress

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