Difference between revisions of "Pt:Antes de Licenciar"

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A seguinte lista estabelece alguns pontos básicos que deve considerar antes de aplicar uma licença Creative Commons à sua obra. Não é uma lista completa. Se tiver perguntas ou dúvidas adicionais, coloque-as nas nossas listas de discussão por correio electrónico, envie-nos uma mensagem para info@creativecommons.org, envie uma mensagem a um dos líderes dos projectos locais, ou obtenha o seu próprio aconselhamento legal.

Certifique-se de que a sua obra está protegida por direitos de autor

As licenças da Creative Commons aplicam-se a obras que estão protegidas por direitos de autor. Os direitos de autor protegem a expressão criativa. Em geral, as obras que estão protegidas por direitos de autor são: livros, guiões, sites na internet, planos de aula, blogues e quaisquer outras formas de escrita; fotografias e outras imagens visuais; filmes, jogos de vídeo e outros materiais visuais; composições musicais, gravações sonoras e outras obras em áudio.

Os direitos de autor não protegem os factos ou ideias subjacentes à expressão criativa. Por isso, as licenças Creative Commons não se aplicam a ideias, informações factuais nem a outros elementos não criativos que não estejam protegidos por direitos de autor. Se está nos E.U.A., pode saber mais sobre aquilo que está e não está protegido por direitos de autor neste site. Se está no Reino Unido, visite este site. No Taiwan, as disposições estatutárias relevantes são os Artigos 9 e 10bis. Outros países também podem ter regras diferentes e deve consultá-las antes de aplicar uma licença Creative Commons às suas obras.

Certifique-se de que é titular dos direitos de autor

Antes de aplicar uma licença Creative Commons a uma obra, tem de certificar-se de que está autorizado a fazê-lo. Isto significa que precisa de ter a certeza que a pessoa que é titular dos direitos de autor aprova que a obra seja disponibilizada ao abrigo de uma licença Creative Commons.

Se é o criador da obra, então é muito provavelmente o titular dos respectivos direitos de autor e pode licenciá-la como quiser. Se criou a obra no decorrer das suas obrigações profissionais, então a entidade empregadora poderá ser a titular dos direitos, em cujo caso só o empregador pode decidir aplicar a licença Creative Commons. Se produziu a obra nos termos de um acordo, precisa de verificar esses termos para saber se os direitos sobre a obra foram transferidos para alguém.

Se está a combinar obras já existentes criadas por outros (a menos que estas estejam no domínio público e, portanto, não necessitem de uma permissão de uso), ou está a trabalhar em conjunto com outras pessoas para produzir algo, precisa de ter uma autorização expressa e explícita para aplicar uma licença Creative Commons à obra resultante (a menos que o uso das obras já existentes constitua um "uso legítimo" - fair use ou fair dealing - e, portanto, não seja necessária qualquer permissão). Você não é titular dos direitos de autor da cópia física de uma obra (por exemplo, de um CD da Madonna ou de um livro de Calvino) e, portanto, não pode aplicar licenças Creative Commons a objectos deste género. Só pode obter uma autorização expressa se entrar em contacto directo com o titular dos direitos de autor, se for discutido o licenciamento Creative Commons e se o titular concordar com uma licença específica. Como é claro, se estiver a combinar uma obra que já está licenciada ao abrigo de uma licença Creative Commons já tem os direitos, desde que o seu uso da obra seja consistente com os termos dessa licença!

Make sure you understand how Creative Commons licenses operate

Before you apply a Creative Commons license to your work, you should make sure you understand how they operate. You can do this by reviewing the FAQ and/or ask specific questions and voice your concerns on our discussion fora. Below is an overview of some of the key elements of the Creative Commons licensing model.

How does a Creative Commons license operate?

Creative Commons license are based on copyright. So they apply to all works that are protected by copyright law. The kinds of works that are protected by copyright law are books, websites, blogs, photographs, films, videos, songs and other audio & visual recordings, for example. Software programs are also protected by copyright but, as explained in the FAQ, we strongly recommend that you do not apply a Creative Commons license to software.

Creative Commons licenses give you the ability to give express permission for others to use your copyrighted works—such as the right of others to copy your work, make derivative works or adaptations of your work, to distribute your work and/or make money from your work. They do not give you the ability to restrict anything that is otherwise permitted by exceptions or limitations to copyright—including, importantly, fair use or fair dealing—nor do they give you the ability to control anything that is not protected by copyright law, such as facts and ideas.

Creative Commons licenses attach to the work and authorize everyone who comes in contact with the work to use it consistent with the license. This means that if Bob has a copy of your Creative Commons-licensed work, Bob can give a copy to Carol and Carol will be authorized to use the work consistent with the Creative Commons license. You then have a license agreement separately with both Bob and Carol.

Creative Commons licenses are expressed in three different formats: the Commons Deed (human-readable code), the Legal Code (lawyer-readable code); and the metadata (machine readable code). You don’t need to sign anything to get a Creative Commons license—just select your license at our ‘License’ page.

One final thing you should understand about Creative Commons licenses is that they are all non-exclusive. This means that you can permit the general public to use your work under a Creative Commons license and then enter into a separate and different non-exclusive license with someone else, for example, in exchange for money.

What if I change my mind?

This is an extremely important point for you to consider. Creative Commons licenses are non-revocable. This means that you cannot stop someone, who has obtained your work under a Creative Commons license, from using the work according to that license. You can stop offering your work under a Creative Commons license at any time you wish; but this will not affect the rights associated with any copies of your work already in circulation under a Creative Commons license. So you need to think carefully when choosing a Creative Commons license to make sure that you are happy for people to be using your work consistent with the terms of the license, even if you later stop distributing your work.

For some creators and/or licensors, this is not an important issue. And most educators who put their their educational resources online do so with the idea that they will be widely shared. But if you depend on controlling the copyrights in your resources for your livelihood, you should think carefully before giving away commercial rights to your creative work. For example, many musicians have discovered that offering work for noncommercial use can be quite rewarding. But anything beyond that requires careful consideration. We all admire generous souls. But if you want to be generous, we want you to think carefully about it before you are.

Be specific about what you are licensing

You need to be specific about exactly what you are CC-licensing when you apply the Creative Commons license to your work. We give you the option of identifying the format of the work in the metadata (text, audio, video, image, interactive) and you should use this. This enables more precise machine-readable language.

However, you should also think about exactly which elements of your work you are licensing. For example, in the case of a website, are you licensing just the text and images? Or also the stylesheets and the code that run the site? Similarly, if you make CC-licensed music available for download on your site, does the Creative Commons license apply to both the musical composition and the sound recording as well as any artwork and graphics at your site? And remember, as discussed under “2. Make sure you have the rights” above, you need to make sure you have the rights to each element that you license under a Creative Commons license.

Take a moment to think about exactly what you are intending to license and then frame your metadata and legal notice accordingly, eg. “All images at this site are licensed under a Creative Commons [insert description] 2.5 license.”

Are you a member of a collecting society? If so, does it allow you to CC-license your works?

You need to check with your society. Currently, many of the collecting societies in Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Taiwan and the Netherlands take an assignment of rights (or in France what is called a “mandate” of rights that nonetheless has the same effect practically as an assignment) from you in present and future works (so that they effectively become the owner of these rights) and manage them for you. So if you are already a member of a collecting society in one of these jurisdictions, you may not be entitled to license your work yourself under a Creative Commons license because the necessary rights are not held by you but by the collecting society. Please also read the FAQ on the website of the Creative Commons project team for your jurisdiction for more information about this issue in your jurisdiction.

Creative Commons is reaching out to collecting societies in those jurisdictions where this problem arises to try to find a solution that enables creators of content to enjoy the benefits both systems offer.

If you encounter difficulties with using Creative Commons licenses because of your membership in a collecting society in your jurisdiction that is not listed above, please let either your country’s Creative Commons’ project team know or email info@creativecommons.org. Also, if you wish to discuss ways to try to deal with the situation in your country please contact your country’s Creative Commons’ project team.

If you are already a member of one of these collecting societies, feel free to encourage your collecting society to give you the option of Creative Commons licensing.