Difference between revisions of "Recommended practices for attribution"

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You can use CC-licensed materials as long as you follow the license conditions. One condition of all CC licenses is attribution. Here are some good (and not so good) examples of attribution. Note: If you want to learn how to mark your own material with a CC license go [[Marking_your_work_with_a_CC_license|here]].
[[Category:Licensing]]
 
[[Category:Community]]
 
[[Category:Media]]
 
[[Category:HOWTO]]
 
[[Category:Guide]]
 
{{Best Practice}}
 
  
==Best Practices for Marking Content with CC Licenses: Users==
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==Examples of attribution==
<br/>
 
{| cellspacing="5" cellpadding="10" style="padding: 2%;margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; border:1px dotted red; background:#eee; width:100%"
 
|
 
NOTE: This page is for users of others' works who are seeking best practices on how to attribute CC-licensed content. If you are looking for the best way to mark your own CC-licensed work as a creator, see http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Creators. If you own a content-sharing site or platform that hosts works by other creators and are interested in enabling CC licensing for your users, see http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Web_Integration.
 
|}
 
  
When reusing a CC-licensed work (via sharing the original or a derivative based on the original), it is your legal obligation to include what license is being used, as well as abiding by the license conditions provided by the licensor, aka the creator or content owner of the work.
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Here is a photo. Following it are some examples of how people might attribute it.
 +
:[[File:8256206923_c77e85319e_n.jpg]]
 +
<hr>
 +
===This is an ideal attribution===
 +
<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">
 +
"[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco]" by [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/ tvol] is licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY 2.0]</div>
  
==How do I properly attribute a Creative Commons licensed work?==
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''Because:''
<br/>
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:Title? "Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco"
From our [[FAQ#How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_Creative_Commons_licensed_work.3F|FAQ]]:
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:Author? "[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/ tvol]" - linked to his profile page
 +
:Source? "[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco]" - linked to original Flickr page
 +
:License? "[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY 2.0]" - linked to license deed
 +
<hr>
  
All current CC licenses require that you attribute the original author(s). If the copyright holder has not specified any particular way to attribute them, this does not mean that you do not have to give attribution.  It simply means that you will have to give attribution to the best of your ability with the information you do have.  Generally speaking, this implies five things:
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===This is a pretty good attribution===
  
* If the work itself contains any copyright notices placed there by the copyright holder, you must leave those notices intact, or reproduce them in a way that is reasonable to the medium in which you are re-publishing the work.
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<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Photo] by tvol / [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY]</div>
  
* Cite the author's name, screen name, user identification, etc.  If you are publishing on the Internet, it is nice to link that name to the person's profile page, if such a page exists.
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''Because:''
 +
:Title? Title is not noted (it should be) but at least the source is linked.
 +
:Author? "tvol"
 +
:Source? "[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Photo]" - linked to original Flickr page
 +
:License? "[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY]" - linked to license deed
 +
<hr>
 +
=== This is an incorrect attribution===
 +
<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">Photo: Creative Commons</div>
  
* Cite the work's title or name, if such a thing exists. If you are publishing on the Internet, it is nice to link the name or title directly to the original work.
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''Because:''
 +
:Title? Title is not noted.
 +
:Author? Creative Commons is not the author of this photo.
 +
:Source? No link to original photo.  
 +
:License? There is no mention of the license, much less a link to the license. "Creative Commons" is an organization.
 +
<hr>
 +
=== This is a good attribution for material you modified slightly===
 +
:[[File:8256206923_c77e85319e_n_desaturated.jpg]]
  
* Cite the specific CC license the work is under. If you are publishing on the Internet, it is nice if the license citation links to the license on the CC website.
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<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">"[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco]" by [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/ tvol], used under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY] / Desaturated from original</div>
  
* If you are making a derivative work or adaptation, in addition to the above, you need to identify that your work is a derivative work i.e., “This is a Finnish translation of the [original work] by [author].” or “Screenplay based on [original work] by [author].”
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''Because:''
 +
:Title, Author, Source, and License are all noted
 +
:Modification? "Desaturated from original"
 +
<hr>
 +
=== This is a good attribution for material from which you created a derivative work===
  
In the case where a copyright holder does choose to specify the manner of attribution, in addition to the requirement of leaving intact existing copyright notices, they are only able to require certain things. Namely:
+
:[[File:8256206923_c77e85319e_n_90fied.jpg]]
  
* They may require that you attribute the work to a certain name, pseudonym or even an organization of some sort.
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<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">This work, "90fied", is a derivative of "[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/8256206923/in/set-72157632200936657 Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco]" by [http://www.flickr.com/photos/sixteenmilesofstring/ tvol], used under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY]. "90fied" is licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ CC BY] by [Your name here].</div>
  
* They may require you to associate/provide a certain URL (web address) for the work.
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''Because:''
 +
:Original Title, Author, Source, and License are all noted
 +
:Derivative? "This work, "90fied", is a derivative of..."
 +
:New author of the derivative work is also noted
  
If you are interested to see what an actual license ("legalcode") has to say about attribution, you can use the CC Attribution 3.0 Unported license as an example.  Please note that this is '''only an example''', and you should '''always''' read the appropriate section of the specific license in question...usually, but perhaps not always, section 4(b) or 4(c): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
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Note: If you're at a point where you are licensing derivative works, go to [[Marking your work with a CC license]].
 +
<hr>
  
===Example===
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=== This is a good attribution for material from multiple sources ===
:"My Awesome Photo," © 2009 Greg Grossmeier, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 
  
If you are making a derivative use of a Work licensed under one of our six core licenses, in addition to the above you need a credit identifying the use of the Work in the derivative, ie. “This is a Finnish translation of the [original work] by [author]” or “Screenplay based on [original work] by [author].”
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:[[File:Saylor_marking_example.jpg]]
  
===Marking third-party content in your work===
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''Because:''
 +
:Title? Specific works are named, eg. "Box-and-whisker Plots"
 +
:Author? Different authors noted for the different works.
 +
:Source? Original materials are linked for each work
 +
:License? The different licenses (Creative Commons Attribution for Collaborative Statistics and Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike for the Khan Academy video) are spelled out and linked for each work
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:Lastly, it is clear which attribution belongs to which work.
  
If you are a creator who is incorporating other creators' CC-licensed content in your work, the best practices above also apply to these specific third-party items. Here's how you may want to consider marking third-party content that is licensed differently.
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You can visit the [http://www.saylor.org/courses/ma121/ Saylor.org Introduction to Statistics course page] to see how they marked it up directly.
 +
<hr>
  
'''Example'''
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==Title, Author, Source, License==
:Except otherwise noted, this blog is © 2009 Greg Grossmeier, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The photo X is © 2009 Jane Park, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.
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A good rule of thumb is to use the acronym '''TASL''', which stands for '''T'''itle, '''A'''uthor, '''S'''ource, '''L'''icense.  
  
=== Is your attribution good enough? ===
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'''Title''' - What is the name of the material?
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:If a title was provided for the material, include it. Sometimes a title is not provided; in that case, don't worry about it.
  
Ask yourself whether an interested viewer/reader/listener or other user could discover who gets credit (attribution) and that they have freedoms with respect to the content (notice). If they can, great, if not, consider whether you're making a good faith effort to use the licensed work according to its terms.
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'''Author''' - Who owns the material?
 +
:Name the author or authors of the material in question. Sometimes, the licensor may want you to give credit to some other entity, like a company or pseudonym. In rare cases, the licensor may not want to be attributed at all. In all of these cases, just do what they request.
  
If in doubt, you can try asking the original publisher. They may have already provided attribution guidelines, e.g., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content
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'''Source''' - Where can I find it?
 +
:Since you somehow accessed the material, you know where to find it. Provide the source of the material so others can, too. Since we live in the age of the Internet, this is usually a URL or hyperlink where the material resides.  
  
== Marking Specific Media ==
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'''License''' - How can I use it?
 +
:You are obviously using the material for free thanks to the CC license, so make note of it. Don't just say the material is Creative Commons, because that says nothing about how the material can actually be used. Remember that there are six different CC licenses; which one is the material under? Name and provide a link to it, eg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ for CC BY.
 +
:: → If the licensor included a license notice with more information, include that as well.
  
While remaining similar in intent, marking will vary depending on the medium. The following are some helpful tips on making sure your media is marked correctly.
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'''Lastly, is there anything else I should know before I use it?'''
 +
:When you accessed the material originally did it come with any copyright notices; a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties; or a notice of previous modifications? (That was a mouthful!) Because that kind of legal mumbo jumbo is actually pretty important to potential users of the material. So best practice is to just retain all of that stuff by copying and pasting such notices into your attribution. Don't make it anymore complicated than it is -- just pass on any info you think is important.
 +
:: → Regarding modifications: Don't forget to note if you modified the work yourself ([[Best_practices_for_attribution#This_is_a_good_attribution_for_material_you_modified_slightly|example]]). If you are at the point where you are creating and licensing derivative works ([[Best_practices_for_attribution#This_is_a_good_attribution_for_material_from_which_you_created_a_derivative_work|example]]), see [[Marking your work with a CC license]].
  
=== Crediting in Video ===
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These best practices are based on actual CC license requirements. Noting the title is a requirement of all CC licenses version 3.0 or earlier, optional for 4.0. Noting the author, source, license, and retaining any extra notices is a requirement of all CC licenses. See [[Best_practices_for_attribution#Devil in the details|Devil in the details]].
  
Adding the appropriate credit information to you videos could be as simple as a list of the works used at the end with their associated license. Eg:
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===Devil in the details===
 +
If you have any doubts or questions, you can read the complete attribution requirements which are spelled out in detail in the legal code of every CC license, eg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a. This [[License_Versions#Detailed_attribution_comparison_chart|chart compares the detailed requirements across all versions of CC licenses.]]
  
{| cellspacing="5" cellpadding="10" style="padding: 2%;margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; border:1px; background:#eee; width:100%"
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===Don't make it too complicated===
|
 
  
This video features the following songs:
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The license tells you to be reasonable:
  
“Desaprendere (Treatment)by fourstones, available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license.
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:''You may satisfy the conditions in (1) and (2) above in any '''reasonable manner''' based on the medium, means and context in which the Licensed Material is used.  For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy some or all of the conditions by retaining a copyright notice, or by providing a URI or hyperlink associated with the Licensed Material, if the copyright notice or webpage includes some or all of the required information.''
  
“Some Other Song” by fourstones, available under a Creative Commons Attribution license.
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There is no one right way; just make sure your attribution is reasonable and suited to the medium you're working with. That being said, you still have to include attribution requirements somehow, even if it's just a link to an About page that has that info. (More on different mediums [[Marking/Users#Attribution_in_specific_media|below]].)
 +
<hr>
  
|}
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== Attribution in specific media ==
 +
As stated above, best practices for attribution apply as reasonable to the medium you're working with. For media such as offline materials, video, audio, and images, consider:
  
If possible it is desirable to make the title, author, and license a link the viewer can follow.
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:1. '''Publishing a web page with attribution information.''' For example, on a webpage featuring your audio recording, provide a credit list of material you used that adheres to best practices above. Doing so allows not only your material, but the materials you attribute, to be found by search engines and other web discovery tools. If possible within the medium, make the Author, Source, and License links the user can follow.
  
=== Crediting in Text ===
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:<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">'''Example:'''<br>This video features the song [http://ccmixter.org/media/files/victor/6374 "Desaprendere (Treatment)"] by [http://fourstones.net/ fourstones], available under a Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ Attribution-Noncommercial] license.</div>
  
A similar format to the Video example above would be sufficient with the added ability to create links for text available online.
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:2. '''Mentioning the credits within the media itself.''' For example, crediting videos can be a simple list of the materials used with their associated licenses in a screen at the end of a video. For audio, it can be a verbal recitation of credits at the end of the recording.  
  
=== Crediting in Audio ===
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:<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">'''Video example 1:''' "Science Commons" by Jesse Dylan - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZAcTNFzF-s&feature=youtu.be&t=1m52s see attribution starting at 1:52]<br>'''Video example 2:''' "Video Editing and Shot Techniques: Study of jump cuts, match cuts and cutaways " video by New Media Rights - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONMSe_zhq70&feature=youtu.be&t=3m21s see attribution starting at 3:21]<br>'''Audio example:''' "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom" by Cory Doctorow read aloud. Mastered by John Taylor Williams - [http://craphound.com/down/?p=1672 listen to attribution starting at 17:08]</div>
 +
<hr>
 +
== If you want to get Technical ==
 +
If you really want to go there, we have a [[Marking_Works_Technical|document about marking materials]] so that they are machine-readable.
  
If available online provide a "credit list" of material used and follow the above Text guidelines.
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Also, several groups are exploring ways to make attribution easier and simultaneously machine-readable for the web. Here are some tools that have been developed:
 +
* [http://openattribute.com/ Open Attribute] - a browser plugin for Firefox and Chrome that grabs the CC license metadata on a web page and turns it into an attribution for you
 +
* [http://commonsmachinery.se/labs/ Commons Machinery] - a suite of plugins for Firefox and open office tools that enables copying and pasting images with the attribution info already attached
 +
<br>
 +
<hr>
  
=== Crediting in Images ===
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== Other guides to attribution ==
  
If available online provide a "credit list" of material used and follow the above Text guidelines.
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* [http://foter.com/blog/how-to-attribute-creative-commons-photos/ How To Attribute CC Photos] poster by foter
 +
* [http://creativecommons.org.au/materials/attribution.pdf Attributing Creative Commons Material] (pdf) - Creative Commons Australia's publication is full of examples with colorful imagery.
 +
* [http://www.newmediarights.org/guide/how_to/creative_commons/best_practices_creative_commons_attributions How to attribute works you reuse under a Creative Commons license] by New Media Rights provides real world examples by different media type
 +
* [https://library.fvtc.edu/Open/ExampleAttrib Library Resources] Fox Valley Technical College provides examples of suggested OER attribution and citations. They recommend the following TASL format: “Content Title” from Encompassing Container Title, Version, by Author © Copyright date [Alternate owner if different from Author] is licensed with License [URL of license description]. Access at DOI or permalink or URL. Additional Publisher notes or licensing requirements.
  
== Download Markers ==
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[[Category:Marking]]
* For images & documents:
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[[Category:Licensing]]
** [[CC_markers | Official CC Markers]]
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[[Category:Community]]
** [[User_submitted_markers | User Submitted Markers]]
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[[Category:Media]]
* For audio:
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[[Category:HOWTO]]
** [http://creativecommons.org/podcasting  CC Podcast Plugs]
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[[Category:Guide]]
* For video:
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{{Best Practice}}
** [[CC_video_bumpers | Official CC Bumpers]]
 
** [[User_submitted_bumpers | User Submitted Bumpers]]
 
 
 
== More Technical ==
 
 
 
We also have a [[Marking_works|document about marking works that is more technical]].
 
 
 
== External Guides and Fact Sheets ==
 
 
 
* Creative Commons Australia's [http://creativecommons.org.au/materials/attribution.pdf Attributing Creative Commons Material] (pdf) (created for the [http://creativecommons.org.au/poolingideas Pooling Ideas competition])
 
* [http://mollykleinman.com Molly Kleinman's] excellent, easy to read article  [http://mollykleinman.com/2008/08/15/cc-howto-1-how-to-attribute-a-creative-commons-licensed-work/  CC HowTo #1: How to Attribute a Creative Commons licensed work] - includes illustrative examples.
 
* [http://www.wikihow.com/Attribute-a-Creative-Commons-Licensed-Work How to Attribute a Creative Commons Licensed Work] article on wikiHow, based on Molly Kleinman's article.
 

Revision as of 20:09, 9 July 2018

You can use CC-licensed materials as long as you follow the license conditions. One condition of all CC licenses is attribution. Here are some good (and not so good) examples of attribution. Note: If you want to learn how to mark your own material with a CC license go here.

Examples of attribution

Here is a photo. Following it are some examples of how people might attribute it.

8256206923 c77e85319e n.jpg

This is an ideal attribution

"Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco" by tvol is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Because:

Title? "Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco"
Author? "tvol" - linked to his profile page
Source? "Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco" - linked to original Flickr page
License? "CC BY 2.0" - linked to license deed

This is a pretty good attribution

Photo by tvol / CC BY

Because:

Title? Title is not noted (it should be) but at least the source is linked.
Author? "tvol"
Source? "Photo" - linked to original Flickr page
License? "CC BY" - linked to license deed

This is an incorrect attribution

Photo: Creative Commons

Because:

Title? Title is not noted.
Author? Creative Commons is not the author of this photo.
Source? No link to original photo.
License? There is no mention of the license, much less a link to the license. "Creative Commons" is an organization.

This is a good attribution for material you modified slightly

8256206923 c77e85319e n desaturated.jpg
"Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco" by tvol, used under CC BY / Desaturated from original

Because:

Title, Author, Source, and License are all noted
Modification? "Desaturated from original"

This is a good attribution for material from which you created a derivative work

8256206923 c77e85319e n 90fied.jpg
This work, "90fied", is a derivative of "Creative Commons 10th Birthday Celebration San Francisco" by tvol, used under CC BY. "90fied" is licensed under CC BY by [Your name here].

Because:

Original Title, Author, Source, and License are all noted
Derivative? "This work, "90fied", is a derivative of..."
New author of the derivative work is also noted

Note: If you're at a point where you are licensing derivative works, go to Marking your work with a CC license.


This is a good attribution for material from multiple sources

Saylor marking example.jpg

Because:

Title? Specific works are named, eg. "Box-and-whisker Plots"
Author? Different authors noted for the different works.
Source? Original materials are linked for each work
License? The different licenses (Creative Commons Attribution for Collaborative Statistics and Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike for the Khan Academy video) are spelled out and linked for each work
Lastly, it is clear which attribution belongs to which work.

You can visit the Saylor.org Introduction to Statistics course page to see how they marked it up directly.


Title, Author, Source, License

A good rule of thumb is to use the acronym TASL, which stands for Title, Author, Source, License.

Title - What is the name of the material?

If a title was provided for the material, include it. Sometimes a title is not provided; in that case, don't worry about it.

Author - Who owns the material?

Name the author or authors of the material in question. Sometimes, the licensor may want you to give credit to some other entity, like a company or pseudonym. In rare cases, the licensor may not want to be attributed at all. In all of these cases, just do what they request.

Source - Where can I find it?

Since you somehow accessed the material, you know where to find it. Provide the source of the material so others can, too. Since we live in the age of the Internet, this is usually a URL or hyperlink where the material resides.

License - How can I use it?

You are obviously using the material for free thanks to the CC license, so make note of it. Don't just say the material is Creative Commons, because that says nothing about how the material can actually be used. Remember that there are six different CC licenses; which one is the material under? Name and provide a link to it, eg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ for CC BY.
→ If the licensor included a license notice with more information, include that as well.

Lastly, is there anything else I should know before I use it?

When you accessed the material originally did it come with any copyright notices; a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties; or a notice of previous modifications? (That was a mouthful!) Because that kind of legal mumbo jumbo is actually pretty important to potential users of the material. So best practice is to just retain all of that stuff by copying and pasting such notices into your attribution. Don't make it anymore complicated than it is -- just pass on any info you think is important.
→ Regarding modifications: Don't forget to note if you modified the work yourself (example). If you are at the point where you are creating and licensing derivative works (example), see Marking your work with a CC license.

These best practices are based on actual CC license requirements. Noting the title is a requirement of all CC licenses version 3.0 or earlier, optional for 4.0. Noting the author, source, license, and retaining any extra notices is a requirement of all CC licenses. See Devil in the details.

Devil in the details

If you have any doubts or questions, you can read the complete attribution requirements which are spelled out in detail in the legal code of every CC license, eg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a. This chart compares the detailed requirements across all versions of CC licenses.

Don't make it too complicated

The license tells you to be reasonable:

You may satisfy the conditions in (1) and (2) above in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means and context in which the Licensed Material is used. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy some or all of the conditions by retaining a copyright notice, or by providing a URI or hyperlink associated with the Licensed Material, if the copyright notice or webpage includes some or all of the required information.

There is no one right way; just make sure your attribution is reasonable and suited to the medium you're working with. That being said, you still have to include attribution requirements somehow, even if it's just a link to an About page that has that info. (More on different mediums below.)


Attribution in specific media

As stated above, best practices for attribution apply as reasonable to the medium you're working with. For media such as offline materials, video, audio, and images, consider:

1. Publishing a web page with attribution information. For example, on a webpage featuring your audio recording, provide a credit list of material you used that adheres to best practices above. Doing so allows not only your material, but the materials you attribute, to be found by search engines and other web discovery tools. If possible within the medium, make the Author, Source, and License links the user can follow.
Example:
This video features the song "Desaprendere (Treatment)" by fourstones, available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license.
2. Mentioning the credits within the media itself. For example, crediting videos can be a simple list of the materials used with their associated licenses in a screen at the end of a video. For audio, it can be a verbal recitation of credits at the end of the recording.
Video example 1: "Science Commons" by Jesse Dylan - see attribution starting at 1:52
Video example 2: "Video Editing and Shot Techniques: Study of jump cuts, match cuts and cutaways " video by New Media Rights - see attribution starting at 3:21
Audio example: "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom" by Cory Doctorow read aloud. Mastered by John Taylor Williams - listen to attribution starting at 17:08

If you want to get Technical

If you really want to go there, we have a document about marking materials so that they are machine-readable.

Also, several groups are exploring ways to make attribution easier and simultaneously machine-readable for the web. Here are some tools that have been developed:

  • Open Attribute - a browser plugin for Firefox and Chrome that grabs the CC license metadata on a web page and turns it into an attribution for you
  • Commons Machinery - a suite of plugins for Firefox and open office tools that enables copying and pasting images with the attribution info already attached



Other guides to attribution

  • How To Attribute CC Photos poster by foter
  • Attributing Creative Commons Material (pdf) - Creative Commons Australia's publication is full of examples with colorful imagery.
  • How to attribute works you reuse under a Creative Commons license by New Media Rights provides real world examples by different media type
  • Library Resources Fox Valley Technical College provides examples of suggested OER attribution and citations. They recommend the following TASL format: “Content Title” from Encompassing Container Title, Version, by Author © Copyright date [Alternate owner if different from Author] is licensed with License [URL of license description]. Access at DOI or permalink or URL. Additional Publisher notes or licensing requirements.