Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Intergovernmental Organizations

2013-10-21T07:00:23Z

Tuanqb: /* What law would be applied if an IGO itself chooses to enforce the terms of the license against a violator? */

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are using CC to share research, data, and educational materials they produce. IGOs, like all creators who want wide dissemination of their content, realize they can benefit greatly from the use of Creative Commons licenses--maximizing the impact of their resources and efforts. A number of IGOs believe that as publicly minded institutions, adopting an open licensing policy for at least some subset of their publications is the preferred mechanism for ensuring the broadest and most widespread use and reuse of the information they publish.

This page explains some of the benefits for IGOs choosing to publish content under Creative Commons licenses, clarifies some unique legal considerations, provides case study of IGOs already using CC, aggregates relevant frequently asked questions, and addresses common licensing scenarios and options available to IGOs.

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==Why Intergovernmental Organizations Benefit from Using CC==

===IGOs' missions are aligned with sharing information and resources===

Disseminating useful information globally is aligned with the mission and work of most IGOs. Sharing information and content -- ranging from education assessment metrics to cultural heritage resources to research studies on the environmental impact of fossil fuels to health information -- is central to the success of IGOs. Information and content that IGOs create can be made maximally useful to the diverse communities they serve, helping citizens, governments, civic institutions, and businesses across all sectors.

Most IGOs maintain Terms of Service (TOS) on their websites containing information about copyright. Visitors are often permitted to download, copy, and use website materials, publications, and educational resources at least for personal, non-commercial purposes as long as copyright notice information remains intact and credit is given to the original author (usually via name, title of publication, and associated URL). These requirements parallel requirements contained in Creative Commons licenses. CC licenses have the added benefit of communicating these permissions in a clear, easy-to-understand fashion and are widely understood by users around the world. In addition, CC licenses provide other benefits, including enhanced discoverability of resources intended for reuse to be easily discoverable via search engines like Google.

===CC helps clarify rights to users in advance===
Materials like reports, photographs and videos released under the default All Rights Reserved copyright require the end user to ask permission in order to use the resource in the absence of some applicable exception or limitation under applicable copyright law. This framework means IGOs must dedicate resources to review and approve those requests. From the user perspective, the time and effort required to obtain the permission can be significant. The result is that resources are less likely to be used, shared, or repurposed, significantly diminishing the potential impact of information published. (The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has described the challenges to dissemination of information under the All Rights Reserved copyright framework as follows: "While information technology makes it possible to multiply and distribute content worldwide and almost at no cost, legal restrictions on the reuse of copyrighted material hamper its negotiability in the digital environment ... [T]he Creative Commons license is by far the best-known license for such content, the use of which is growing exponentially." [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/7/38654317.pdf OECD (2007) Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources, p.13].

Creative Commons licenses offer a simple, standardized way to grant flexible copyright permissions in advance. The adoption of Creative Commons licenses increases the dissemination, discoverability, reuse, and translatability of research and education materials. CC licenses are the global standard for open content licenses, and are leveraged by corporations, institutions, and government bodies worldwide. Creative Commons licenses lower the transaction costs normally associated with seeking and granting permission to use resources by granting limited permission in advance.

===CC helps ensure IGOs receive credit for the resources they create===
IGOs who use CC licenses get the credit they deserve for the work they create. All CC licenses require that attribution be given to author in the manner specified. IGOs also need not worry about expending resources crafting custom terms of service specifying how their works can be used. Creative Commons licenses contain vetted, legally robust standard copyright terms and conditions. These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which IGOs can choose to grant additional permissions if desired.
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==FAQ: Why CC Licenses Work for IGOs==
IGOs are unique in several respects from individuals and other organizations. Below are some common questions about how CC licenses work for IGOs.

===[[FAQ#Can_anyone_use_a_CC_license.3F_What_about_governments_and_intergovernmental_organizations_.28.22IGOs.22.29.3F|Can anyone use a CC license? What about governments and intergovernmental organizations ("IGOs")?]]===
Anyone may use CC licenses for works they own, [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government including governments] and IGOs. The reasons for doing so vary, and often include a desire to maximize the impact and utility of works for educational and informational purposes, and to enhance transparency.

Creative Commons licenses have desirable features that make them the preferred choice over custom licenses. CC licenses are standard and interoperable, which means works published by different authors using the same type of CC license can be translated, modified, compiled and/or remixed depending on the particular license applied. Creative Commons licenses are also machine-readable, allowing CC-licensed works to be easily discovered via search engines such as Google. These features maximize distribution, reuse and impact of works published by governments and IGOs.

===[[FAQ#What_should_IGOs_consider_before_applying_a_CC_license.3F|What should IGOs consider before applying a CC license?]]===
Creative Commons recommends that IGOs use the international (formerly known as the "unported") licenses. While no CC license (ported or unported) waives privileges and immunities that may apply to IGOs, the international licenses may be preferred because they have not been adapted to the laws of any particular jurisdiction. Using these licenses instead of a license adapted to the implementation of copyright law in a particular jurisdiction (a “ported license”) avoids any implication (however remote or unlikely) that an IGO has consented to jurisdiction or forum for resolution of disputes arising under the licenses, or has agreed that disputes arising under the licenses should be resolved in accordance with a particular jurisdiction’s laws.

===[[FAQ#Do_CC_licenses_impose_obligations_on_IGOs_.28or_other_licensors.29_that_could_result_in_liability.3F|Do CC licenses impose obligations on IGOs (or other licensors) that could result in liability?]]===
No. CC licenses do not impose obligations on licensors, but instead grant others permission to use the licensed works consistent with license terms and conditions. The only exception is the undertaking by licensors not to enforce their copyright as long as the license terms are respected. CC licensors have the choice of enforcing (or not) any copyright licenses they grant.

This point is worth stressing. CC licenses impose no affirmative obligations of any kind on licensors. There are more than 500,000,000 CC-licensed texts, photos, websites and other works. Since the licenses were first published more than 8 years ago, CC has not been made aware of any claim made against a licensor under the licenses. The reason is simple: licensors are only agreeing to forego their right to enforce copyright under certain conditions, not accepting any affirmative duties or obligations in the license itself. This makes CC licenses qualitatively different from the kinds of contracts or agreements that could subject IGOs to liability, or to the jurisdiction of any particular country or legal process.

As still further protection, in the unlikely event a claim is made against an IGO under a CC license, nothing in the license waives applicable privileges and immunities.

===[[FAQ#What_law_would_be_applied_if_an_IGO_itself_chooses_to_enforce_the_terms_of_the_license_against_a_violator.3F|What law would be applied if an IGO itself chooses to enforce the terms of the license against a violator?]]===
None of the CC 3.0 international licenses contains a forum or jurisdiction selection clause. The only ported 3.0 licenses that contain a forum selection clause are the Hong Kong 3.0 licenses. This suite is not recommended for use by licensors who want to preserve their right to bring an action in another forum.

A few of the ported licenses contain a choice of law provision. For this reason, CC suggests that IGOs use the international licenses because those licenses squarely leave the decision of which forum and law to apply to the tribunal in which enforcement of the license is sought by the IGO.

Those responsible for setting intellectual property or publication policy within an IGO should consider making these points clear in their copyright notice. One suggested implementation is:

© YEAR by ORGANIZATION. TITLE OF PUBLICATION is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (international): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this license ORGANIZATION does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that it may be entitled to assert, nor does ORGANIZATION submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction.

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<h2>Featured Intergovernmental Organization Case Studies. [http://infographics-vn.blogspot.com/ Infographic]</h2>
<br/>{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Tag::intergovernmental organizations]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more IGO Case Studies...}}
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== Additional Examples of CC License Use by Intergovernmental Organizations ==
===Commonwealth of Learning===
* The Commonwealth of Learning has incorpoated CC BY-SA as part of its open educational resources (OER) policy: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/27703.
* Interview with Sir John Daniel about the policy: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/28384
*COL's guidelines for open educational resources (OER) in higher education: http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=364
*[[Case_Studies/Commonwealth_of_Learning]]

=== European Cultural Foundation ===
* The [http://www.eurocult.org/ European Cultural Foundation's] project [http://www.labforculture.org/ Labforculture.org] releases materials under a CC BY-NC-ND license.[http://www.seoer.com.vn/ dich vu seo chuyen nghiep]

=== European Funded ===

* http://www.communia-project.eu/about COMMUNIA - The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public Domain, funded by the European Commission (the executive of the European Union), [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA (Unported)].
* European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) - [[Case_Studies/CERN|CERN]] publishes its book catalog online as open data using the CC0 public domain dedication and the results of some Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments are published under various Creative Commons licenses.

=== Inter-American Development Bank ===

* The [http://www.iadb.org/ Inter-American Development Bank] is requiring the adoption of Creative Commons by the organizations that receive funding from the Bank in the context of the FOMIN (Fondo Multiateral de Inversiones) initiatives, particularly the ICT4BUS, a fund that promotes the adoption of e-commerce in the American continent, which has financed more that thirty initiatives in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Nicaragua and other Latin American countries. Banks require those initiative to use the GPL to license any software developed by organizations receiving support from the bank, and CC to license the documentation related with those computer programs, such as user manuals.

=== International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance ===

* The [[Case_Studies/International_IDEA_Publishing|International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)]] is an IGO that supports sustainable democracy, and licenses selected publications under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence.

=== United Nations ===

* UNESCO OER documentation and toolkits - http://oerwiki.iiep-unesco.org/
* United Nations University OpenCourseWare - http://ocw.unu.edu/Courses_listing
* United Nations University Media Studio - http://mediastudio.unu.edu/en/about/
* United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Knowledge Platform - http://logosundp.org/; http://logosundp.org/about/terms
* The UNDP Virtual School for Latin America and the Caribbean - http://www.escuelapnud.org/

=== World Bank ===
*The World Bank has incorporated CC BY into its Open Access Policy and as a default for Bank-produced research and knowledge products via its OPen Knowledge Repository: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/32335.

Government use of Creative Commons

2013-10-18T13:06:58Z

Tuanqb: /* New Zealand */

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<h2>Featured Government Case Studies</h2>
<br/>{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Tag::government]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=3|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more Government Case Studies...}}
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Currently this is a scratchpad for referencing known government and intergovernmental uses of CC licensing and public domain tools (and government recommendations of same). Please add to the list and turn compelling uses into [[Case Studies]].

Examples are needed for national/federal, state/provincial and local/city/county governments (or their equivalents) as well as intergovernmental organizations and bodies such as the European Union and United Nations.
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== [[Government_adoption_strategies|Government adoption strategies]] ==
== Jurisdiction-Specific Case Studies==
=== Armenia ===
* [http://www.president.am/president/cover/eng/ Official website of the Armenian President]. CC BY-ND 3.0 Unported.

=== Australia ===
* [http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/ AusGOAL], the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework, provides support and guidance to Australia's governments and related sectors to facilitate open access to [http://blog.ausgoal.gov.au/2011/07/07/launch-ausgoal-is-online/ publicly funded information]. AusGOAL makes it possible for organisations to manage their risks when publishing information and data in a way that drives innovation and entrepreneurial activities; providing enhanced economic and social benefits to the wider community. AusGOAL is aligned with numerous open government initiatives around the world and supports the [http://www.oaic.gov.au/publications/agency_resources/principles_on_psi_short.html Australian Information Commissioners Open Access Principles]. AusGOAL endorses the Creative Commons Australia Version 3.0 Licences, and the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark.
* Australian Parliament. The Parliament’s central web portal http://www.aph.gov.au houses the most important documents of the Australian Federal Government including all bills, committee reports and, most importantly, the Hansard transcript of Parliamentary Sittings, and the portal will be published under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Version 3.0 Australian license.
* Australian budget delivered May 12, 2010 was [http://www.budget.gov.au/2010-11/content/bp1/html/bp1_prelims.htm released] under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. Also the [http://gov2.net.au/report/ Gov 2.0 response] and the [http://www.dbcde.gov.au/broadband/national_broadband_network/national_broadband_network_implementation_study NBN Implementation Study]
* government data - three of the largest sources of Australian government data sets - [http://www.abs.gov.au Australian Bureau of Statistics], [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia] and the still beta [http://data.australia.gov.au/ data.australia.gov.au] - are all licensed by default under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/ CC BY 2.5 Australia] and/or [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ CC BY 3.0 Australia] . Together these sites provide free access to all of Australia's census data, official geoscientific information and knowledge, and other miscellaneous government data (such as the location of public toilets). The [http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/Home/%C2%A9+Copyright?opendocument#from-banner=GB ABS] and [http://www.ga.gov.au/copyright.jsp Geoscience Australia] have detailed copyright and attribution guidelines, to assist with user implementation. data.australia.gov.au played a major role in the [http://mashupaustralia.org/ Mashup Australia] competition run by Australia's [http://gov2.net.au/ Government 2.0 Taskforce].
** over 50 datasets released on data.australia.gov.au http://data.australia.gov.au/ for the Mashup Australia contest: http://mashupaustralia.org/
** Geoscience Australia's "geospatial data, specifically digital elevation models or DEMs, were imperative to the creation of accurate flood models and for overcoming many operational challenges" during the recent Brisbane flood: http://creativecommons.org.au/weblog/entry/2501
* [http://www.bom.gov.au/water/ Water Information] - the Australian [http://www.bom.gov.au Bureau of Meteorology] has [http://creativecommons.org.au/node/269 launched] the official website of its Improving Water Information Program with a default [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ CC BY 3.0 Australia] licence. This aggregates hundreds of other government departments' and agencies' information into the National Water Account. They have a range of [http://www.bom.gov.au/water/regulations/cc/disseminating.shtml explanatory materials] about the licence and are building licensing tools and metadata into their [http://www.bom.gov.au/water/awris.shtml Australian Water Resources Information System].
* [http://www.pool.org.au ABC Pool] - this initiative of Australia's largest public broadcaster, the [http://www.abc.net.au Australian Broadcasting Corporation] (ABC), is releasing material from the ABC archives for reuse under CC licences. It's first major release has been as part of the [http://www.pool.org.au/genepool Gene Pool project], celebrating Charles Darwin's Centenary.
* [http://www.nla.gov.au National Library of Australia] - various [http://www.nla.gov.au/policy/cdp/ policy materials]
* [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com Powerhouse Museum] - releases a large range of material under CC, including its [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/ photo of the day], [http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/ downloadable pdfs] from its Play program and the museum's general [http://www.creativecommons.org.au/node/225 collection information and data].
* [http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/ Queensland Museum] - [http://creativecommons.org.au/node/270 releases] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:A_E_%22Bert%22_Roberts_plate_glass_photo_collection photographs] from its collection on [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Commons] under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 CC BY-SA] .
* NSW Department of Education and Training - [http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/939 Dynamic Calculus': Teaching Resource]
* Aged Care Queensland's [http://creativecommons.org.au/weblog/entry/247 eMentoring Handbook]
* National Copyright Unit - [http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/956 Creative Commons for Educators fact sheets] produced for the Smartcopying website in conjunction with Creative Commons Australia.
* Department of Broadband, Communication and the Digital Economy - [https://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/budd-e/common/info/copyright.html Budd:e E-security Education Package]. The Budd:e package won Best Children's interactive media and digital content at the 2010 [http://www.aimia.com.au/i-cms?page=1.36.7000.7001 AIMIA Awards].
* [http://www.mosman.nsw.gov.au/ Mosman Municipal Council]'s [http://mosmanroundtable.net/ces Community Engagement Strategy] is released under a Creative Commons licence and includes as a key priority “to promote the use and dissemination of Council’s materials while retaining Council’s rights of authorship”.
* Realising Our Broadband Future forum (Dec 2009), DBCDE hosted a wiki to gather input from participants whihc was all CC BY-NC-SA licensed http://www.broadbandfuture.gov.au/webcasts.html
* Australian Government Information Management Office has CC licensed its blog: http://agimo.govspace.gov.au/ and the Government 2.0 showcase http://showcase.govspace.gov.au/
* Australian Electoral Commission has [http://creativecommons.org.au/weblog/entry/3481 applied] CC BY as the default license for its website: http://www.aec.gov.au/footer/copyright.htm
'''Australian government reports recommending CC usage'''
* [http://www.finance.gov.au/publications/gov20taskforcereport/index.html Engage: Getting on with Government 2.0] - report of the Australian [http://gov2.net.au Government 2.0 Taskforce]
* [http://www.finance.gov.au/publications/govresponse20report/doc/Government-Response-to-Gov-2-0-Report.pdf Government Response to the Report of the Government 2.0 Taskforce] - agreement in principle that Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) should be the default licence for all PSI
* [http://www.gilf.gov.au Government Information and Licensing Framework] - a Queensland Government strategy on open access and use of information
* [http://www.innovation.gov.au/innovationreview/Pages/home.aspx Venturous Australia: the National Innovation Review] - report recommends government use of CC licences, and is released under CC
* [http://creativecommons.org.au/node/250 Victorian Government's Economic Development Committee] recommends CC licensing for public sector information.
* Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE) published the Australia's Digital Economy: Future Directions paper under a CC BY-NC-ND in July 2009: http://www.dbcde.gov.au/digital_economy/future_directions_of_the_digital_economy/australias_digital_economy_future_directions
* National Broadband Network Implementation Study http://www.dbcde.gov.au/broadband/national_broadband_network/national_broadband_network_implementation_study was released by DBCDE as a wiki under a CC BY-NC-SA license. Wiki taken down now, but was tweeted: http://twitter.com/miakgarlick/status/13470301666
* DBCDE published two reports on its website under CC BY: http://www.dbcde.gov.au/digital_economy/benefits_of_digital_economy_from_nbn
* Treasury released the Pre-Election Economic and Fiscal Outlook 2010 under CC BY: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1858/PDF/PEFO_2010.pdf

=== Austria ===
[http://data.wien.gv.at/ Open Government Data Portal by the City of Vienna] under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/at/deed.de CC BY]

=== Brazil===
* [http://beta.dados.gov.br/ Brazil open government data portal (beta)] under CC BY-SA.
*Äôs Ministry of Justice [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]
* The State of São Paulo State approved PL 989/2011, which establishes a policy whereby educational resources developed or purchased with government funds must be made freely available to the public under an open copyright license. For more information see http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/36081.

=== Bulgaria ===
* [http://www.president.bg/main.php Bulgarian President]. CC BY ND 2.5 Bulgaria.
* [http://www.prb.bg Chief Prosecutor of the Republic of Bulgaria]. CC BY 2.5 Bulgaria
* [http://www.mfa.bg Bulgarian Foreign Ministry]. CC BY ND 2.5 Bulgaria.

===Canada===

====Federal====

*Canada has developed the Government of Canada Open Data License Agreement for their open data portal website [http://www.data.gc.ca Government of Canada Open Data Pilot Project]. While not a Creative Commons license it would seem that this is heavily inspired by the Creative Commons philosophy and has many similar aspects. The license includes sections on 1.0 Definitions; 2.0 Intellectual Property Rights; 3.0 License Grant; 4.0 Acknowledgement of Source; 5.0 No Warranty and no Liability; and 6.0 Effective Date and Termination.
*The license permits individuals or commercial interests to use, reproduce, or add value to government data provided they use the required attribution and that they do not imply any warranty to, nor make any claim of exclusive rights to the data.
*This has similarities to the Open Government Licence for public sector information used in the United Kingdom as seen farther down this list.

====Provincial====

*'''British Columbia''' has similarly adopted an Open Government License for Government of BC information located on [http://www.data.gov.bc.ca Data BC]. They specifically adapted this license from the United Kingdom Open Government Licence with with the permission of the UK National Archives.

=== Chile ===
* [http://www.gobiernodechile.cl Chilean Government Official Site], whose site is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.sernatur.cl Chilean Bureau of Tourism], whose site is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.economia.gob.cl Chilean Government - Secretary of Economy], whose site is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.segegob.cl Chilean Government - Secretary of Communications], whose site is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.mineduc.cl Chilean Government - Secretary of Education], whose site is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.bcn.cl The Library of the National Congress], whose site is licensed under CC BY NC SA 2.0 Chile.
* [http://www.guiaweb.cl/ The Guidelines for Governmental Websites] and [http://www.observatoriodeusabilidad.cl its Observatory], run by the Ministry of Economy, are licensed under CC BY NC SA 2.0 Chile.

=== Colombia ===
* [http://www.siac.net.co/Home.php?opc=2 Official website of the Colombian Biodiversity Information System depending from the Ministry of Environment].

=== Croatia ===
* [http://otvorenikod.nsk.hr http://otvorenikod.nsk.hr] - Centar za otvoreni kod, Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu / Center for Open Source, National and University Library in Zagreb, licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 Croatia.

=== Czech Republic ===
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/RVP_Metodicky_Portal RVP Metodicky Portal] is an educational portal to Czech open educational resources (OER) licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cz/ CC Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike] and [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cz/ CC Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives]. It is a government-funded initiative by the Czech Republic and the European Social Fund, and is run as part of a research project by the Institute of Education in Prague and the National Institute of Vocational Education.

===Ecuador===
* Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas del Ecuador http://www.mtop.gov.ec/index.php

=== Georgia ===
*Äôs Ministry of Education and Science [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]

=== Greece ===
* http://primeminister.gr CC BY 3.0 Greece
* http://www.opengov.gr/ CC BY 3.0 Greece
* http://geodata.gov.gr/geodata/ CC BY-SA 3.0 Greece
* http://opengeodata.gr CC BY 3.0 Greece, first implementation of the INSPIRE directive
* http://antiproedros.gov.gr CC BY 3.0 Greece records the public sector workforce in accordance to the IMF rules

=== Guatemala ===
* http://www.flickr.com/photos/gobiernodeguatemala/ under CC BY-NC-SA generic
=== Israel ===
*Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]

=== Italy ===
* [http://www.istat.it/it/note-legali National Institute of Statistics] releases all data under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/it/ CC BY].
* [http://dati.camera.it/it/ Chamber of Deputies data portal], CC BY-SA
* http://poliziadistato.it/ The official website of the italian police, CC BY NC ND 2.5 IT
* http://dati.piemonte.it/ The official open government data portal of the [[Case_Studies/Piemonte_Regional_Government|Regional Government of the Piedmont Region in Italy]]
** CC BY 2.5 Italy for content of the website
** CC0 for available databases (all to date: Oct 8, 2010)

=== Korea ===
* http://blog.naver.com/mb_nomics The Official Blog of the President, CC BY NC ND 2.0 Kr
* http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/KOCW Korea Open Courseware run by the Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KERIS_(Korea_Education_and_Research_Information_Service)

===Macedonia===
* Macedonia Center for Research and Policy Making [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]

===Mexico===
* President Felipe Calderon Website, BY NC ND 2.5 Mexico. http://www.presidencia.gob.mx
* National Sports Comission http://www.conade.gob.mx
*[http://www.sip.gob.mx/guiafinal.pdf Federal Government guide for website building] recommends the use CC licenses

=== Netherlands ===
* the [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ CC0 Public domain dedication] is used as the default copyright policy of the Dutch national government's primary website [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl www.rijksoverheid.nl]. Since 2010 this website combines al public information published by the Dutch government and has replaced the websites of individual ministeries and agencies. Everything that is available on www.rijskoverheid.nl is available [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/copyright under CC0 unless otherwise indicated].

* Creative Commons Netherlands has published a study on [[Media:Creativecommons-licensing-for-public-sector-information_eng.pdf|Creative Commons Licensing for the Public Sector]] (pdf)

=== New Zealand ===
'''[http://www.e.govt.nz/policy/nzgoal NZ Government Open Access and Licensing (NZGOAL) framework]''' standardises the licensing of government copyright works for re-use using Creative Commons licences and recommends the use of ‘no-known rights’ statements for non-copyright material. It is widely recognised that re-use of this material by individuals and organisations may have significant creative and economic benefit for New Zealand. It was released for public discussion on August 27, 2009 and approved by Cabinet on July 5, 2010. The framework will enable greater access to many public sector works by encouraging State Services agencies to license material for reuse on liberal terms, and recommends Creative Commons as an important tool in this process.

In 2011 The Ministers of Finance and Internal Affairs adopted a statement '''[http://ict.govt.nz/programme/opening-government-data-and-information/declaration-open-and-transparent-government detailing a new Declaration on Open and Transparent Government].''' The Declaration has been approved by Cabinet, and directs all Public Service departments, the New Zealand Police, the New Zealand Defence Force, the Parliamentary Counsel Office, and the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service; encouraged other State Services agencies;[http://seodocument.blogspot.com/ Dich vu seo] and invited State Sector agencies to commit to releasing high value public data actively for re-use, in accordance with the Declaration and Principles, and in accordance with the NZGOAL Review and Release process.

* The [http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/climate/lucas/data/land-use-mapping.html Ministry for the Environment’s Land Cover Database and the Land Environments New Zealand classification] has [http://www.creativecommons.org.nz/news_and_events/news/koordinates_showcases_govt_cc_datasets been released] under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence] on the [http://koordinates.com/ Koordinates] website.
* Land Information New Zealand's [http://www.os2020.org.nz/ Ocean Survey 20/20 web portal] which provides New Zealand with better knowledge of its ocean territory, including New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), Continental Shelf and the Ross Sea Region is made available under un [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence]. [http://www.os2020.org.nz/data-and-reports/ Reports and interpretations] are available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY ND licence].
*[http://www.doc.govt.nz/ The Department of Conservation] has [http://data.govt.nz/SearchPage_Controller/SearchFormAgency?AgencySearch=Department+of+Conservation&action_doCustomSearch=Go&agency=true many datasets] including [http://data.govt.nz/dataset/show/947 pest species distribution] and [http://data.govt.nz/dataset/show/1040 Director-General's expenses] licensed under Creative Commons.
*[http://www.dia.govt.nz/ The Department of Internal Affairs]' website "[http://data.govt.nz data.govt.nz]" which acts as a NZ government dataset directory makes content such as feedback and dataset listings available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence]. Some datasets referred to on data.govt.nz have also been made available under Creative Commons licences by their [http://data.govt.nz/catalog/ respective agencies].
*[http://www.ssc.govt.nz The State Services Commission] has published some annual reports ([http://www.ssc.govt.nz/ar-2011#stateservices eg]), public reports ([http://www.ssc.govt.nz/gateway-lessons-learned-july11 eg]) and guidance documents ([http://www.ssc.govt.nz/workforcestrategy-guidance eg]) on its [http://www.ssc.govt.nz/publications-and-resources website] under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/ CC BY licence].
*[http://www.search.dol.govt.nz The Department of Labour] has licensed its latest [http://www.dol.govt.nz/publications/general/ar0910/annualreport0910.pdf Annual Report] and [http://www.dol.govt.nz/publications/general/soi2010/index.asp Statement of Intent] under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
*[http://www.justice.govt.nz The Ministry of Justice] has licensed its [http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/s/statement-of-intent-201020132013/?searchterm=statement%20of%20intent Statement of Intent 2010–2013] and [http://data.govt.nz/dataset/show/1014 Executive Expenses 2010] under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/ CC BY licence].
*[http://www.niwa.co.nz/ The National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research] has made some [http://koordinates.com/#/maps/niwa/layers/ bathymetry grids] available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY] and [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY ND] licence.
* The NZ Parliamentary Library publishes some CC licensed documents such as Bill Digests and Research Papers on the [http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/Search/Results.htm?search=-1320899551 Parliament website]
* [http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/ The New Zealand Defence Force]'s [http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/public-documents/creative-commons/alf.htm Army Leadership framework] is licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY]
*The [http://www.hrc.co.nz/ Human Rights Commission] has made various resources available for download on its website available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence] including reports, guides and Statements of Intent.
* [http://makeit.digitalnz.org/guidelines DigitalNZ's 'Make It Digital' guides] for making digital content in New Zealand are now available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence]
*[http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/ PHARMAC] has a selection of [http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/patients/Schedule/SchedulePublications schedules] available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
*[http://www.police.govt.nz/ The New Zealand Police] licensed their [http://www.police.govt.nz/annual-report-2010 Annual Report for year ending June 2010] under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
*[http://www.charities.govt.nz/ The Charities Commission] released the [http://www.charities.govt.nz/the-register/purpose/ Charities Register] as part of its '[http://www.register.charities.govt.nz/CharitiesRegister/OpenData.aspx open data web service]' under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
*[http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa] has made the [http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/exhibitions/ritaangus/downloads.aspx audio tracks for 21 Rita Angus exhibition paintings] and presentation [http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/exhibitions/ritaangus/Symposium.aspx recordings from the Rita Angus: Life & Vision Symposium] available on their website under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY NC ND licence]. They have also taken up the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY NC ND licences] to [http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2011/10/03/reusing-images-from-te-papa/#entry mark images in their Online Collections] which are able to be shared.

*The following local government bodies have released CC licensed GIS datasets on the [http://koordinates.com/maps/northland/ Koordinates] platform:
**[http://www.wellington.govt.nz/ Wellington City Council] offers [http://koordinates.com/#/maps/wcc/ datasets] of aerial imagery, contours, building footprints, flood hazards, wind zones and more under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
**[http://www.nrc.govt.nz/ Northland Regional Council] currently has 25 GIS [http://koordinates.com/maps/northland/ datasets] available here, 19 are licensed under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY] and 6 under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY ND] licence.
**[http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz North Shore City Council]'s [http://koordinates.com/#/layer/1440-north-shore-city-parks/ Parks layer] is available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].
**[http://www.arc.govt.nz/ Auckland Regional Council] datasets of Wards, Community Boards and some passenger transport information is available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY licence].

*In relation to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake Canterbury Earthquakes]:
**[http://cera.govt.nz/ The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA)] and the National Library of New Zealand have set up a documentary project of [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/deed.en CC BY NC ND licensed] images by [https://picasaweb.google.com/RossBeckerNZ/ Ross Becker] as a record of recovery inside the red zone.
**[http://www.linz.govt.nz/index.aspx Land Information New Zealand] made its [http://www.creativecommons.org.nz/news_and_events/news/post_quake_imagery_of_christchurch_carries_cc_licence aerial photographs] of the city's damage available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY] licence.
**[http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/ The Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management] released [http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/video-central-christchurch-two-weeks-after-quake-ck-88665 inner city footage] for screening at public memorial events under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY] licence.
**[http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/ The Defence Force] makes its Flickr photos sets (including [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nzdefenceforce/collections/72157626143610731/ documentation of Canterbury]) available under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY].
**[http://cera.govt.nz/ CERA]'s 2011-2016 Statement of Intent is available under a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz CC BY] licence.

=== Poland ===
* [http://www.equal.org.pl/baza.php?lang=pl Equal Program projects database] - Polish Ministry of Regional Development has required materials produced in the scope of the EQUAL program, collected in a Project Database on the Ministry site, to be licensed under a Creative Commons license.
* [http://www.mg.gov.pl/ Polish Ministry of Economy] is publishing content on its website under a CC BY SA 3.0 Poland license.
* Polish Council of Ministers has [http://creativecommons.pl/2012/04/digital-school-program-with-open-textbooks-approved-by-polish-government/ adopted] a new Digital School program for Polish schools, which includes 43 millions PLN for Creative Commons Attribution or compatible) textbooks for grades 4-6 in primary schools (K4-K6).
** Update: http://creativecommons.pl/open-educational-resources-in-the-digital-school-program/

=== Portugal ===
* President Prof. Dr. Aníbal Cavaco Silva official photostream under CC BY 2.0 Generic: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cavacosilva/
* President Prof. Dr. Aníbal Cavaco Silva's announcement on running for reelection. Audio on SoundCloud under CC BY 3.0: http://soundcloud.com/cavacosilva2011

=== Russian Federation ===
* All content (fotos, texts, videos, audios, etc.) of [http://kremlin.ru/eng/ Kremlin.ru (Official Website of President of the Russian Federation)], Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY 3.0 Unported)
** [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Kremlin_authorisation-English.pdf Letter of authorisation from the Press Secretary to the President of the Russian Federation allowing use of Kremlin.ru materials under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported licence (PDF, English, 3 October 2008)]
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Kremlin.ru Template on Wikimedia Commons (English and Russian)]

* All content of [http://premier.gov.ru/eng/ premier.gov.ru (website of Prime Minister of the Russian Federation)], Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY 3.0 Unported)
** [http://premier.gov.ru/eng/about.html Terms]

* All content of [http://government.ru/eng/ government.ru (Official Website of the Government of the Russian Federation)], Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY 3.0 Unported)

* All content of http://www.bashkortostan.ru (Official information portal of the official authorities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan]), Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY 3.0 Unported)
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bashkortostan_authorisation-Russian.jpg Letter of authorisation from Administration of President of The Republic of Bashkortostan]
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Bashkortostan.ru Template on Wikimedia Commons (English and Russian)]

* All content of http://www.volganet.ru (Internet-portal of administration of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast Volgograd Oblast]), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported)
** [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Volganet_authorisation-Russian.pdf Letter of authorisation from Administration of Volgograd Oblast]
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Volganet.ru Template on Wikimedia Commons (English and Russian)]

* All content of http://amisharin.ru (official website of Governor of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast])
** [http://amisharin.ru/terms_of_use/ Terms of use]

* State-owned [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti Russian International News Agency "RIA Novosti"], 460 historical images from [http://visualrian.ru database http://visualrian.ru], Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported)
** The license specified on the pages of certain images.
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:RIA_Novosti Information page on Wikimedia Commons]
** [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_from_RIA_Novosti Special category on Wikimedia Commons]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University Lomonosov Moscow State University], http://convergencelab.ru - Portal of Department of New Media and Communication Theory of Faculty of Journalism, Creative Commons Attribution, version unknown

* Some content of http://www.mgimo.ru - information portal of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_Institute_of_International_Relations Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO)], Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Generic (CC BY-NC 2.5)
** [http://www.mgimo.ru/publish/cc/index.phtml Terms of use]

* All content of http://www.hse.ru/en/ - portal of state-owned [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_-_Higher_School_of_Economics National Research University Higher School of Economics], Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)
** [http://www.hse.ru/copyright Terms of use]

=== Serbia ===
*[http://www.uzzpro.gov.rs/latinica/ Serbian Government - Administration for Joint Services of the Republic Bodies]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*[http://www.minrzs.gov.rs/ Serbian Government - Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Policy]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*[http://www.mgu.gov.rs/ Serbian Government - Ministry of Construction and Urbanism]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*[http://uap.gov.rs/about-us/ Serbian Government - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management]: CC BY-NC 3.0 Serbia
*[http://www.zso.gov.rs/ Serbian Government - Institute for Social Insurance]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*[http://www.restitucija.gov.rs/index.php Serbian Government - Agency for Restitution]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*[http://www.nsk.gov.rs/latinica/index.php Serbian National Council for Culture]: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Serbia
*Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society of Republic of Serbia [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]

=== Spain ===
* [http://www.gencat.cat/web/meugencat/documents/20101116_GUIA_USOS_XARXA_ENG.pdf Style and usage guide of the Government of Catalonia’s social networks] under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.
* Statistical information on the [http://www.idescat.cat/en/ Statistical Institute of Catalonia] site is licensed by default under [http://www.idescat.cat/en/idescat/sistemaestadistic/ciutadans/avislegal.html CC BY 3.0 Spain].
* http://www.slideshare.net/justicia/the-use-of-creative-commons-licences-in-the-ministry-of-justice-of-the-government-of-catalonia/
* The Basque government opened a portal called Open Data Euskadi http://opendata.euskadi.net/ that uses CC BY 3.0 Spain.
*The [http://www.caib.es/ Government of the Balearic Islands] website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License

=== Taiwan ===
*Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation [[Affiliate_Reporting/2010#Highlights_of_New_Major_Adopters]]
=== Thailand ===
*? Official website for Prime Minister (government) http://pm.go.th

=== Ukraine ===
*Unofficial municila page of Stryi town: http://stryi.com.ua/

=== United Kingdom ===
* The [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ Open Government License], used for a large amount of crown copyright data and content, is intended to be interoperable with the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
* National Assembly for Wales use of flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalassemblyforwales/

=== Venezuela ===
*The "Canaima project" whichs goals is giving one laptop computer to every pupil in Venezuela (300.000 computers has been distributed so far) is preloaded with educational content (about 400 content) all of it is licensed with CC - SA - NC - 3.0

=== United States ===

==== Federal ====
* Works by the US federal government are automatically part of the [[public domain]] in the US as stipulated by http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105
* Third-party content (such as the text of speeches by the first lady) on the [http://www.whitehouse.gov/copyright White House web site] are licensed with CC BY 3.0 US by default.
* [http://change.gov/about/copyright_policy President-Elect Transition Team, Barack Obama and Joseph Biden]. CC BY 3.0 Unported. (Not an official federal government site, but an election team site, hence not required to be public domain.)
* The U.S. Department of Education has made OER an invitational priority in their [http://www.grants.gov/search/downloadAtt.do;jsessionid=ynkyLyCpLNWvymvqBplJQYrwRGGlGtdR9gZtncFYJgjm2hTFSJZb!-2132130105?attId=40947 Ready to Learn] (PDF) and [http://www2.ed.gov/legislation/FedRegister/announcements/2010-1/032310h.pdf Ready to Teach] (PDF) grants.
* The U.S. Department of Education has included open educational resources in their [http://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/08/05/2010-19296/secretarys-priorities-for-discretionary-grant-programs Notice of Proposed Priorities] for discretionary grant funding. Essentially, if the priorities are adopted, it could mean that grant seekers who include open educational resources as a component of an application for funding from the Department of Education could receive priority.
* The U.S. Department of Labor and Department of Education commit $2 billion to community colleges and career training; [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/26100 CC BY required for grant outputs].
* The U.S. Department of Labor Career Pathways Innovation Fund Grants Program; [http://www.doleta.gov/grants/pdf/SGA-DFA-PY-10-06.pdf CC BY required for grant outputs].

==== State ====
* [[New York State Senate]], Senate Content, CC-BY-NC-ND with CC+ allowing non-political fundraising use of content.
* [http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?091+ful+CHAP0791 State of Virginia], legislation that indicates a preference for state-funded materials to be released with a CC (or equivalent open) license.
* [http://www.sbctc.edu/general/admin/Tab_9_Open_Licensing_Policy.pdf Washington State open policy and requirement of CC BY]
* [http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_status.aspx?lsr=741&sy=2012&txtsessionyear=2012&txtbillnumber=HB418 New Hampshire adopts Open Source and Open Data requirements] (policy friendly to CC use, but not a specific CC tool adoption)
* [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/31756 OER K-12 bill] passed in WA state. The focus of the bill is to help school districts identify existing high-quality, free, openly licensed, common core state standards aligned resources available for local adoption; in addition, any content built with public funds, must be licensed under “an attribution license” (CC BY)
* The city of Washington, D.C. has made available an unofficial copy of the [http://dccouncil.us/UnofficialDCCode DC Code] under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

==== Local government ====
* [http://recoverysf.org/intranet/RecoverySF/ RecoverySF], CC BY 3.0 US.

See [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Intergovernmental_Organizations Intergovernmental Organizations] page for information about CC license use by Intergovernmental Organizations such as the World Bank, United Nations, and the Commonwealth of Learning.

[[Category:Lists of CC use by jurisdiction]]
[[Category:Public sector information]]

Data

2013-10-18T13:01:43Z

Tuanqb: /* How (if at all) are sui generis database rights addressed in CC licenses? */

''This page supersedes the 2006 document [[Databases and Creative Commons]].''

Much of the potential value of data is to society at large — more data has the potential to facilitate enhanced scientific collaboration and reproducibility, more efficient markets, increased government and corporate transparency, and overall to speed discovery and understanding of solutions to planetary and societal needs.

A big part of the potential value of data, in particular its society-wide value, is realized by use across organizational boundaries. How does this occur (legally)? Many sites give narrow permission to use data via terms of service. Much ad hoc data sharing occurs among researchers. And increasingly, open data is facilitated by sharing under public terms to manage copyright restrictions that might otherwise limit dissemination or reuse of data, e.g. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ CC licenses] or the [[CC0]] public domain dedication.

Many organizations, institutions, and governments are using CC tools for data. For case studies about how these tools are applied, see:

===[[Data_and_CC_licenses|Uses of CC Licenses with Data and Databases]]===
===[[CC0_use_for_data|Uses of CC0 with Data and Databases]]===

You can also read more about [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/26283 Creative Commons' most up-to-date thinking on data and databases], and what you can do to contribute.

==Frequently asked questions about data==

==='''''Can databases be released under CC licenses?'''''===

Yes, CC licenses can be used on any copyrighted work, including a copyrighted database. A CC license may be applied to any or all copyrighted aspects of a database and its contents. See [[Data#How_do_I_apply_a_CC_legal_tool_to_a_database.3F|below]] for more information regarding how to provide clear notice of what is licensed. Any use of the licensed database or its contents that is restricted by copyright law requires compliance with the relevant license conditions (BY, SA, NC, ND). In their current version (3.0) CC licenses do not require compliance with the license conditions when only sui generis database rights (and not copyright) are implicated. Additionally, the international and "ported" version 3.0 licenses, excluding EU jurisdiction ports, do not grant any permissions where sui generis database rights are implicated. Please see [[Data#How_.28if_at_all.29_are_sui_generis_database_rights_addressed_in_CC_licenses.3F|below]] for more detail.

CC0, the public domain dedication, can also be used on databases. The effect is to waive all copyright and related rights in the database, placing it as close as possible into the worldwide public domain. In certain domains, such as science and government, there are important reasons to consider using tools like CC0. Waiving copyright and related rights eliminates all uncertainty for potential users, encouraging maximal reuse and sharing of information. Where waiver is not a viable option and some conditions on reuse are necessary, rights holders should [http://www.ivir.nl/publications/eechoud/CC_PublicSectorInformation_report_v3.pdf consider] using CC licenses that give the public more freedom to reuse and remix the content.

==='''''Which components of a database are protected by copyright?'''''===

With databases, there are likely four components to consider: (1) the database model or structure, (2) the data entry and output sheet, (3) field names, and (4) the data.

The '''database model''' is a specification describing how a database is structured and organized, including database tables and table indexes. The selection, coordination, and arrangement of the contents is subject to copyright if it is sufficiently original. The threshold of originality required for copyright is fairly low in many jurisdictions. For example, while courts in the United States have held that an alphabetical telephone directory did not have sufficient originality to merit copyright protection, an organized directory of Chinese-American businesses in a particular area did. These determinations are very fact-specific (no pun intended) and vary by jurisdiction.

The '''data entry and output sheets''' contain questions, and the answers to these questions are stored in a database. For example, a web page asking a scientist to enter a gene’s name, its pathway information, and its ontology would constitute a data entry sheet. The format and layout of these sheets are protected by copyright according to the same standard of originality used to analyze copyright in the database model.

'''Field names''' describe data sets. For example, “address” might be the name of the field for street address information. These are less likely to be protected by copyright because they often do not reflect originality.

The '''data''' contained in the database are subject to copyright if they are sufficiently creative. Original poems contained in a database would be protected by copyright, but purely factual data (such as gene names without more) contained in a database would not. Facts are not subject to copyright, nor are the ideas underlying copyrighted content.

==='''''How do I know whether a particular use of a database is restricted by copyright?'''''===

When the database structure or contents are subject to copyright, reproducing, distributing, or modifying the database will often be restricted by copyright law. If the database is released under a CC license, that means reproduction, distribution, or modification will likely require compliance with the relevant license conditions, including attribution.

However, it is important to note that some uses of a copyrighted database will not be restricted by copyright. It may be possible, for example, to rearrange or modify the uncopyrightable data in a way that does not implicate the copyright in the database structure. For example, while (as noted above) a court in the United States held that a directory of Chinese-American businesses was restricted by copyright, the same court went on to hold that a directory that duplicated hundreds of its listings was not infringing because the listings were categorized and arranged in a sufficiently dissimilar way. In those situations, compliance with the license conditions is not required unless the database contents are themselves restricted by copyright.

Similarly, even where database contents are subject to copyright and published under a CC license, use of the facts and ideas found in the contents will not require attribution (or compliance with other applicable license conditions), unless doing so implicates copyright in the database structure as explained above. This important limitation of CC licenses is reflected in the license deed, where it indicates that the license does not extend to those elements of the work in the public domain.

==='''''What are sui generis database rights?'''''===

Sui generis database rights are different from, but often overlap with, copyright. Sui generis database rights exist to recognize the investment required to compile a database, whether or not the database meets the originality requirement in copyright law. Established by [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTML Directive 96/9/EC] of the European Parliament, sui generis database rights prohibit the extraction or reutilization of a substantial portion (defined in both qualitative and quantitative terms) of the contents of a database. The Directive has been implemented in the national legislation of all EU member countries. Outside of the European Union, similar database-like rights have been established in several countries, including Mexico and South Korea.

==='''''How (if at all) are sui generis database rights addressed in CC licenses?'''''===

The treatment of sui generis database rights varies among the CC version 3.0 licenses, but the practical result is always the same: compliance with the license conditions is not required where sui generis database rights - but not copyright - are implicated. This means that if someone takes a substantial portion of a CC-licensed database and uses it in a way that does not implicate copyright (e.g., by rearranging purely factual data), she does not have to attribute the licensor or comply with the other license conditions, even if the database is protected by sui generis database rights.

While this treatment is the same across all CC version 3.0 licenses, [http://seodocument.blogspot.com/ Dich vu seo]the reason for this outcome varies. In the ported 3.0 licenses ported to the laws of EU jurisdictions, works subject to copyright and/or sui generis database rights are licensed and subject to the CC license terms and conditions. In those ported licenses, however, the conditions of the license are explicitly waived when use of the licensed work only involves the exercise of database rights and not copyright.

By contrast, all other 3.0 licenses (including ported licenses for non-EU jurisdictions and the international licenses) do not license sui generis database rights at all. As a result, the license conditions do not (nor could they) attach to uses implicating database rights and not copyright. It also means a licensee may need separate permission if they plan to use the database in a way that implicates database rights (although there may arguably be an implied right to do so).

CC is [https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/29639 leaning toward] changing how its licenses treat sui generis database rights in version 4.0. If pursued, those rights would be fully licensed and subject to the same terms and conditions as copyright, without any waiver of the license conditions where only those rights are implicated. Read more about the issue -- including important limitations that would avoid imposing restrictions where those rights do not exist -- on the [[4.0/License subject matter|version 4.0 wiki]].

==='''''How do I apply a CC legal tool to a database?'''''===

Before making a database available under a CC license, a database provider must first make sure she has all rights necessary to do so. Often, the database provider is not the original author of the database contents, which may mean the database provider needs separate permissions from third parties before publishing the database under a CC legal tool. For more information, read our [[Before_Licensing|pre-licensing]] guidelines.

Also, the database provider must consider what elements of the database she wants to be covered by the CC legal tool and identify those elements in a manner that reusers will see and understand. Please see our [[Marking/Creators|marking page]] for more information on how to clearly distinguish unlicensed content.
[[Category:FAQ]]

Intergovernmental Organizations

2013-10-18T12:52:37Z

Tuanqb: /* European Cultural Foundation */

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are using CC to share research, data, and educational materials they produce. IGOs, like all creators who want wide dissemination of their content, realize they can benefit greatly from the use of Creative Commons licenses--maximizing the impact of their resources and efforts. A number of IGOs believe that as publicly minded institutions, adopting an open licensing policy for at least some subset of their publications is the preferred mechanism for ensuring the broadest and most widespread use and reuse of the information they publish.

This page explains some of the benefits for IGOs choosing to publish content under Creative Commons licenses, clarifies some unique legal considerations, provides case study of IGOs already using CC, aggregates relevant frequently asked questions, and addresses common licensing scenarios and options available to IGOs.

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==Why Intergovernmental Organizations Benefit from Using CC==

===IGOs' missions are aligned with sharing information and resources===

Disseminating useful information globally is aligned with the mission and work of most IGOs. Sharing information and content -- ranging from education assessment metrics to cultural heritage resources to research studies on the environmental impact of fossil fuels to health information -- is central to the success of IGOs. Information and content that IGOs create can be made maximally useful to the diverse communities they serve, helping citizens, governments, civic institutions, and businesses across all sectors.

Most IGOs maintain Terms of Service (TOS) on their websites containing information about copyright. Visitors are often permitted to download, copy, and use website materials, publications, and educational resources at least for personal, non-commercial purposes as long as copyright notice information remains intact and credit is given to the original author (usually via name, title of publication, and associated URL). These requirements parallel requirements contained in Creative Commons licenses. CC licenses have the added benefit of communicating these permissions in a clear, easy-to-understand fashion and are widely understood by users around the world. In addition, CC licenses provide other benefits, including enhanced discoverability of resources intended for reuse to be easily discoverable via search engines like Google.

===CC helps clarify rights to users in advance===
Materials like reports, photographs and videos released under the default All Rights Reserved copyright require the end user to ask permission in order to use the resource in the absence of some applicable exception or limitation under applicable copyright law. This framework means IGOs must dedicate resources to review and approve those requests. From the user perspective, the time and effort required to obtain the permission can be significant. The result is that resources are less likely to be used, shared, or repurposed, significantly diminishing the potential impact of information published. (The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has described the challenges to dissemination of information under the All Rights Reserved copyright framework as follows: "While information technology makes it possible to multiply and distribute content worldwide and almost at no cost, legal restrictions on the reuse of copyrighted material hamper its negotiability in the digital environment ... [T]he Creative Commons license is by far the best-known license for such content, the use of which is growing exponentially." [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/7/38654317.pdf OECD (2007) Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources, p.13].

Creative Commons licenses offer a simple, standardized way to grant flexible copyright permissions in advance. The adoption of Creative Commons licenses increases the dissemination, discoverability, reuse, and translatability of research and education materials. CC licenses are the global standard for open content licenses, and are leveraged by corporations, institutions, and government bodies worldwide. Creative Commons licenses lower the transaction costs normally associated with seeking and granting permission to use resources by granting limited permission in advance.

===CC helps ensure IGOs receive credit for the resources they create===
IGOs who use CC licenses get the credit they deserve for the work they create. All CC licenses require that attribution be given to author in the manner specified. IGOs also need not worry about expending resources crafting custom terms of service specifying how their works can be used. Creative Commons licenses contain vetted, legally robust standard copyright terms and conditions. These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which IGOs can choose to grant additional permissions if desired.
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==FAQ: Why CC Licenses Work for IGOs==
IGOs are unique in several respects from individuals and other organizations. Below are some common questions about how CC licenses work for IGOs.

===[[FAQ#Can_anyone_use_a_CC_license.3F_What_about_governments_and_intergovernmental_organizations_.28.22IGOs.22.29.3F|Can anyone use a CC license? What about governments and intergovernmental organizations ("IGOs")?]]===
Anyone may use CC licenses for works they own, [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government including governments] and IGOs. The reasons for doing so vary, and often include a desire to maximize the impact and utility of works for educational and informational purposes, and to enhance transparency.

Creative Commons licenses have desirable features that make them the preferred choice over custom licenses. CC licenses are standard and interoperable, which means works published by different authors using the same type of CC license can be translated, modified, compiled and/or remixed depending on the particular license applied. Creative Commons licenses are also machine-readable, allowing CC-licensed works to be easily discovered via search engines such as Google. These features maximize distribution, reuse and impact of works published by governments and IGOs.

===[[FAQ#What_should_IGOs_consider_before_applying_a_CC_license.3F|What should IGOs consider before applying a CC license?]]===
Creative Commons recommends that IGOs use the international (formerly known as the "unported") licenses. While no CC license (ported or unported) waives privileges and immunities that may apply to IGOs, the international licenses may be preferred because they have not been adapted to the laws of any particular jurisdiction. Using these licenses instead of a license adapted to the implementation of copyright law in a particular jurisdiction (a “ported license”) avoids any implication (however remote or unlikely) that an IGO has consented to jurisdiction or forum for resolution of disputes arising under the licenses, or has agreed that disputes arising under the licenses should be resolved in accordance with a particular jurisdiction’s laws.

===[[FAQ#Do_CC_licenses_impose_obligations_on_IGOs_.28or_other_licensors.29_that_could_result_in_liability.3F|Do CC licenses impose obligations on IGOs (or other licensors) that could result in liability?]]===
No. CC licenses do not impose obligations on licensors, but instead grant others permission to use the licensed works consistent with license terms and conditions. The only exception is the undertaking by licensors not to enforce their copyright as long as the license terms are respected. CC licensors have the choice of enforcing (or not) any copyright licenses they grant.

This point is worth stressing. CC licenses impose no affirmative obligations of any kind on licensors. There are more than 500,000,000 CC-licensed texts, photos, websites and other works. Since the licenses were first published more than 8 years ago, CC has not been made aware of any claim made against a licensor under the licenses. The reason is simple: licensors are only agreeing to forego their right to enforce copyright under certain conditions, not accepting any affirmative duties or obligations in the license itself. This makes CC licenses qualitatively different from the kinds of contracts or agreements that could subject IGOs to liability, or to the jurisdiction of any particular country or legal process.

As still further protection, in the unlikely event a claim is made against an IGO under a CC license, nothing in the license waives applicable privileges and immunities.

===[[FAQ#What_law_would_be_applied_if_an_IGO_itself_chooses_to_enforce_the_terms_of_the_license_against_a_violator.3F|What law would be applied if an IGO itself chooses to enforce the terms of the license against a violator?]]===
None of the CC 3.0 international licenses contains a forum or jurisdiction selection clause. The only ported 3.0 licenses that contain a forum selection clause are the Hong Kong 3.0 licenses. This suite is not recommended for use by licensors who want to preserve their right to bring an action in another forum.

A few of the ported licenses contain a choice of law provision. For this reason, CC suggests that IGOs use the international licenses because those licenses squarely leave the decision of which forum and law to apply to the tribunal in which enforcement of the license is sought by the IGO.

Those responsible for setting intellectual property or publication policy within an IGO should consider making these points clear in their copyright notice. One suggested implementation is:

© YEAR by ORGANIZATION. TITLE OF PUBLICATION is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (international): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this license ORGANIZATION does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that it may be entitled to assert, nor does ORGANIZATION submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction.

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<h2>Featured Intergovernmental Organization Case Studies</h2>
<br/>{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Tag::intergovernmental organizations]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more IGO Case Studies...}}
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== Additional Examples of CC License Use by Intergovernmental Organizations ==
===Commonwealth of Learning===
* The Commonwealth of Learning has incorpoated CC BY-SA as part of its open educational resources (OER) policy: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/27703.
* Interview with Sir John Daniel about the policy: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/28384
*COL's guidelines for open educational resources (OER) in higher education: http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=364
*[[Case_Studies/Commonwealth_of_Learning]]

=== European Cultural Foundation ===
* The [http://www.eurocult.org/ European Cultural Foundation's] project [http://www.labforculture.org/ Labforculture.org] releases materials under a CC BY-NC-ND license.[http://www.seoer.com.vn/ dich vu seo chuyen nghiep]

=== European Funded ===

* http://www.communia-project.eu/about COMMUNIA - The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public Domain, funded by the European Commission (the executive of the European Union), [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA (Unported)].
* European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) - [[Case_Studies/CERN|CERN]] publishes its book catalog online as open data using the CC0 public domain dedication and the results of some Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments are published under various Creative Commons licenses.

=== Inter-American Development Bank ===

* The [http://www.iadb.org/ Inter-American Development Bank] is requiring the adoption of Creative Commons by the organizations that receive funding from the Bank in the context of the FOMIN (Fondo Multiateral de Inversiones) initiatives, particularly the ICT4BUS, a fund that promotes the adoption of e-commerce in the American continent, which has financed more that thirty initiatives in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Nicaragua and other Latin American countries. Banks require those initiative to use the GPL to license any software developed by organizations receiving support from the bank, and CC to license the documentation related with those computer programs, such as user manuals.

=== International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance ===

* The [[Case_Studies/International_IDEA_Publishing|International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)]] is an IGO that supports sustainable democracy, and licenses selected publications under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence.

=== United Nations ===

* UNESCO OER documentation and toolkits - http://oerwiki.iiep-unesco.org/
* United Nations University OpenCourseWare - http://ocw.unu.edu/Courses_listing
* United Nations University Media Studio - http://mediastudio.unu.edu/en/about/
* United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Knowledge Platform - http://logosundp.org/; http://logosundp.org/about/terms
* The UNDP Virtual School for Latin America and the Caribbean - http://www.escuelapnud.org/

=== World Bank ===
*The World Bank has incorporated CC BY into its Open Access Policy and as a default for Bank-produced research and knowledge products via its OPen Knowledge Repository: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/32335.