Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Case Studies/GlaxoSmithKline

2012-11-22T15:20:54Z

Sidkof: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|Description=GlaxoSmithKline is a major pharmaceutical company that has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria.
|Mainurl=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chemblntd/#tcams_dataset
|Author=ChEMBL-NTD, GlaxoSmithKline
|User_Status=Curator, Creator
|Tag=GSK, GlaxoSmithKline, malaria, disease
|License short name=GNU GPL
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, MovingImage, InteractiveResource, Other, Geodata, Data
|Country=United Kingdom
|Quote=Providing access to this level of information sees GSK set what I would hope to be a new trend that could revolutionise the urgent search for new medicines to tackle malaria. By sharing data, we start to build up a public database of knowledge that should be as powerful as the human genome databases.
|Quote_Attribution=Timothy Wells, Chief Scientific Officer of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/access/rnd-neglected-tropical-diseases.htm)
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/04/Logo-gsk.gif
|Image_attribution=(c) GSK
|Image_license=http://www.gsk.com/terms.htm
|importance=High
|quality=B-Class
|License_short_name=CC0
}}
== Overview ==
One of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the world, GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria. The data set is called Tres Cantos Antimalarial (TCAMS), and is available from the ChEMBL-NTD database, "a repository for Open Access primary screening and medicinal chemistry data directed at neglected diseases - endemic tropical diseases of the developing regions of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas."

== License Usage ==

GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyright in its malaria data set under the CC0 public domain dedication.

== Motivations ==
From GSK's http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/downloads/GSK-CR-2009-full.pdf

<blockquote>"By making this information publicly available, GSK hopes that many other scientists will review this information and analyse the data faster than we could on our own. Hopefully, this will lead to additional research that could help drive the discovery of new medicines. We would also encourage other groups, including academics and pharmaceutical companies, to make their own compounds and related information publicly available.

 This is essentially an example of ‘open source’ being applied to drug discovery. We know that data increases in value when connected with other data and that the more eyes looking at a problem, the more potential solutions may arise."</blockquote>

Research and development (R&D) for diseases prevalent in the developing world are costly and time-consuming and carry less return on investment than R&D for diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, which have a market in the developed world. Since malaria is a disease that primarily affects the developing world, GSK has released malarial data in order to speed the process of R&D, while providing resources that nonprofits and academic institutions don't necessarily have wide access to, such as advanced technologies, facilities for medicinal drug discovery, and manufacturing and distribution expertise. For more information, see GSK's 2009 report on

== Media ==
[http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100120/full/news.2010.20.html Nature - GlaxoSmithKline goes public with malaria data]
 
[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/20/glaxo-malaria-drugs-public-domain The Guardian - Glaxo offers free access to potential malaria cures]
 
[http://www.gsk.com/media/malaria.htm GSK's commitment to fighting Malaria]
 
[http://coolmathgames-forkids.org/ cool math games for kids]
 
[http://www.gsk.com/media/pressreleases/2010/2010_pressrelease_10009.htm press release]
 
[http://www.thietkewebhcm.com/ Thiet Ke Web Gia Re]

Case Studies/Flickr

2012-11-22T15:13:03Z

Sidkof: /* License Usage */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Flickr is a popular photo- and video-sharing site that has enabled Creative Commons licenses.
|Mainurl=www.flickr.com
|Author=Flickr
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=photo, folksonomy, technical details
|License_short_name=various
|Format=Image, MovingImage
|Country=United States
|Quote=Making my photos available on flickr using a CC-license has made wonderful things happen. My photos have been used in classrooms, in books and on blogs. They have been used to illustrate articles in Wikipedia or help charities’ fund-raising campaigns.
|Quote_Attribution=Lars Plougmann, http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8157, http://www.flickr.com/people/criminalintent/
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5d/Flickr_by_zanastardust.jpg
|Image_attribution=CC BY by Zanastardust: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zanastardust/145197704/
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
|alt_case_study_title=Flickr
}}
== Overview ==

Launched in 2004 and later acquired by Yahoo, Flickr is an image and video hosting website that allows users to post, share, and comment on each other's content. These photos are organized by user-submitted tags, which generate emergent folksonomies of thematically linked photos. Users can also create photo pools, which allow others to submit images into publicly available repositories. Notably, the site also allows for Creative Commons licensing support in its service, allowing creators to share certain rights for usage of their photos with others. As of late 2009, the site hosts over [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/10/12/4000000000/ four billion images].

[http://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/97258/ According to a Flickr staff member] in mid-2009, the site had acquired 32+ million registered users. Data on how this user base is distributed worldwide remains unclear. However, Flickr has been notably used by activists to compile and publicize events. Clay Shirky's [http://www.herecomeseverybody.org/ Here Comes Everybody] details the role played by Flickr in circulating photos of political protests in Belarus (p. 167). Similarly, Flickr users [http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/02/04/flickrs-version-of-a-mass-protest/ organized onsite protests] against Microsoft's attempted buyout of Yahoo in 2008.

== License Usage ==

Users can choose to release their work under any of the available Creative Commons licenses. As of [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2011/10/05/200-million-creative-commons-photos-and-counting/ October 2011], Flickr hosted over 200 million CC licensed images. In March 2010, Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/20870 summarized] the growth of CC licensed photos on Flickr over the years.
 
 Flickr has also published its [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ shapefile dataset] online, waiving all copyright restrictions via the CC0 public domain dedication. A shapefile is a file containing shapes mathematically generated by thousands of Flickr geotagged photos of particular neighborhoods,[http://www.tranlegroup.com/ Thiet Ke Web] countries, and continents. Shapefile data has been used to reverse-engineer maps with user generated longitude and latitude coordinates that are then demarcated by Where-On-Earth IDs, "[http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/ unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent]."

== Motivations ==

Jon Phillips, who worked closely with Flickr on CC integration, commented that open licensing was useful in "providing an interface with the rest of the world and the blogosphere without having to ask permission. It provided, in short, a clear path to usage."
 
 When Flickr first integrated CC licensing, they [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2004/06/29/creative-commons/ wrote] that "As individuals and as a company we wholeheartedly support and endorse the Creative Commons’ mission and hope to help contribute to the preservation and enhancement of creative freedom and personal expression."
 
 On releasing its shapefile dataset via the CC0 public domain dedication, Flickr [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ gives the following reasons]:
<blockquote><ul><li>We want people (developers, researchers and anyone else who wants to play) to find new and interesting ways to use the shapefiles and we recognize that, in many cases, this means having access to the entire dataset.</li>
<li>We want people to feel both comfortable and confident using this data in their projects and so we opted for a public domain license so no one would have to spend their time wondering about the issue of licensing. We also think the work that the Creative Commons crew is doing is valuable and important and so we chose to release the shapefiles under the CC0 public domain dedication as a show of support.</li>
<li>We want people to create their own shapefiles and to share them so that other people (including us!) can find interesting ways to use them. We’re pretty sure there’s something to this “shapefile stuff” even if we can’t always put our finger on it so if publishing the dataset will encourage others to do the same then we’re happy to do so.</li></ul></blockquote>

== Technical Details ==

Flickr has implemented 1) a license chooser, 2) the license mark on pages for CC licensed objects, 3) [[CC REL]] metadata, and 4) searching for CC licensed videos.

=== License chooser ===
There are many ways to CC license your content in Flickr. The three main ways are 1) setting a default license for your account to apply the license to all new uploads, 2) batch-licensing all your previous uploads, or 3) selectively licensing some of your photos.

====Setting a default license====
To set a default CC license for your content, follow these directions:

'''1. Go to ''Your account'' and click on the ''Privacy and Permissions'' tab.

[[Image:flickr1.png|border|link=]]

'''2. Scroll down to the ''Defaults for new uploads'' section and look for the following line (you may not already have a default license, but the example below does):'''

[[Image:flickr2.png|border|link=]]

'''3. Click ''Edit'' and you will be taken to a license chooser to select a new default license for new uploads.'''

[[Image:flickr3.png|border|link=]]

====Batch licensing====

After you've set a default license, you might have photos that were uploaded before you set a default license. You can change the licensing status of those images in multiple ways.

'''On the same page you used to set a default license, there is a link to a page where you also have the option to ''Batch edit'' the license for all of your previous uploads. So here you can, for example, CC license all of your previously uploaded photos before you had set a default license.'''

[[Image:flickr4.png|border|link=]]

'''Otherwise, you can select individual sets of photos to change the licensing status of through the [http://www.flickr.com/photos/organize/ Organize view]. On this page, you can drag photos into the screen, select ''Permissions'' and then select ''Change licensing''.

[[Image:flickr5.png|border|link=]]

'''You should be presented with a license chooser:'''

[[Image:flickr6.png|border|link=]]

'''You can also batch edit the licensing status of sets or collections. To do this, open the set or collection in the Organize view and in the ''Batch edit'' menu, select ''Change licensing'':'''

[[Image:flickr7.png|border|link=]]

=== License mark ===
CC license marks appear on pages for specific images.

For example, see [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image].

'''The license mark on that page appears in the right hand column:'''

[[Image:Flickr9.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

That small image and text links to the specific license deed that the photo is under.

'''The CC mark also appears at the bottom of the menu above the image to ''Share this'':'''

[[Image:Flickr10.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

=== Metadata ===

Flickr has implemented a subset of the [[CC REL]] specification by specifying the 'license' and 'cc:license'. Note that both names are contained in a single rel= attribute, which is perfectly valid, although the two terms are equivalent and therefore it isn't necessary to use both. See [[RelLicense|this wiki page]] for more information.

'''For an example, see the source code at the top of [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image's page] for the namespace definitions:'''

<code><nowiki>
<html xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">
</nowiki></code>

'''And then below where the CC BY license is linked to:'''

<code><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en" rel="license cc:license">Some rights reserved</a>
</nowiki></code>

=== CC search ===
You can search for CC licensed content on Flickr by license.

To explore photos by CC license, visit the [http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons page] and select your desired license.

To search for Creative Commons licensed photos, go to the [http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/? advanced search page] and check the box at the bottom to ''Only search within Creative Commons-licensed content''. Then select the desired license permissions.

[[Image:Flickr8.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/?]]

== Media ==
[http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons licensed photos]

Some collections from Creative Commmons affiliates give a good sense of the type of material collected:

*[http://flickr.com/photos/joi/ Joi Ito]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/fcb/ Fred Benenson]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/itstimhwang Tim Hwang]

[[Category:USA]]

Case Studies/Otago Polytechnic

2012-11-22T14:59:22Z

Sidkof: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Otago Polytechnic is a tertiary education provider in Dunedin, New Zealand, which offers a range of open access training courses.
|Quote=The recognition of Creative Commons with attribution as our default position has been widely accepted and feedback has been that it has been instrumental in building Otago Polytechnic’s reputation as an educational provider.
|Quote_Attribution=[http://sarah-stewart.blogspot.com/2008/03/open-access-education-at-otago.html Dr Robin Day, Deputy Chief Executive, Otago Polytechnic]
|Image_Header=http://wikieducator.org/images/b/b0/F-block.JPG
|Image_attribution=[http://wikieducator.org/Image:F-block.JPG Otago Polytechnic F Block] by Leigh Blackall
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|Mainurl=http://wikieducator.org/Otago_Polytechnic
|Author=Otago Polytechnic
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=education, OER
|License_short_name=CC BY
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
|Format=Text
|Country=New Zealand
}}
== Overview ==

[http://wikieducator.org/Otago_Polytechnic Otago Polytechnic] is a publicly-subsidised vocational education and training organisation located in Dunedin on the South Island of New Zealand. It provides a range of vocational courses, offering certificates, diplomas, degrees and postgraduate studies in Travel and Tourism, through Automotive Engineering to Midwifery.

Taking an open view of teaching, learning and research, Otago Polytechnic reconsidered their stance on access to educational resources, then governed by traditional views of ownership and Intellectual Property. Key stakeholders were consulted in the review, which occurred over the past two years, providing feedback that the institution needed to be more open to support creative thinking and the application of theory to practice. This culminated in the announcement in March 2008 that Otago Polytechnic was releasing their training materials under open access terms on Wikieducator.

== License Usage ==

As stated in its current [http://wikieducator.org/Otago_Polytechnic/Intellectual_property Intellectual Property Policy]:
:‘Otago Polytechnic wishes to foster research and development that advances knowledge and scholarship; and to support projects where that leads to marketable products or services.
:The Polytechnic:
:*has a preference for the open sharing of information, knowledge and resources
:*recognises that intellectual property (IP) is owned by the creator, unless there are :specific agreements to the ownership of IP by others, and
:*wishes to foster the empowerment of individuals in their endeavours in a protective and/or promotional framework for individual creators associated with Otago Polytechnic.’

Otago Polytechnic now offers its open access courses under the Creative Commons Attribution licence, with the application ‘Creative Commons Attribution (Author name) for Otago Polytechnic.’

Individual lecturers own their intellectual property. Encouragement and support is given by the institution to use CC BY for copyright statements. Where the Polytechnic is used to publish or promote work, a CC BY licence is applied wherever possible. Exceptions are made for works where third-party content is not or cannot be cleared. Other restrictions (if any) are time-based and explained.

== Motivations ==

Encouraging open content licenses at Otago Polytechnic by way of its [http://wikieducator.org/Otago_Polytechnic/Intellectual_property Intellectual Property Policy] has assured employees and contractors that they are free to use and develop open content, and that they are free to participate in Open Educational Resource development initiatives. Many staff have now developed independent skills in publishing and managing their own content, as well as locating and reusing third-party open content, and collaborating in content development. The proliferation of open content and associated practices has helped to promote the Polytech as well as the expertise and services of the individuals in its employ. A more independent and participatory culture within the organisation is beginning to develop.

Free [http://www.iphone4charger.com iphone 4 battery case] and Open Source Software first inspired thinking about free and open source educational content. The success of Wikimedia Foundation projects proved the idea viable. Support from many individuals and initiatives such as Wikieducator has made it possible.

Otago Polytechnic decided to adopt the Creative Commons Attribution licence so as to ensure a maximum amount of freedom and flexibility to itself and to people and organisations sampling its content. Restrictions like ShareAlike and Noncommercial were not an option as they would have compromised or complicated this position.

== Media ==
http://wikieducator.org/images/e/e4/Wiki-structure.jpg

Wiki structure used by Otago Polytechnic

Otago Polytechnic has also produced a video on their experiences over the past year with open education licensing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52Gri8y9iYA
[[Category:USA]]

Case Studies/GotoKnow.org

2012-11-22T14:58:22Z

Sidkof: /* Overview */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Blog-based knowledge management platform in Thailand with over 70,000 users forming a Community of Practice.
|Quote=Knowledge management and social network for Community of Practice
|Quote_Attribution=UsableLabs, Prince of Songkla University
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/a/a0/G2k.png
|Image_attribution=Chitpong Kittinaradorn
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/th/
|Mainurl=http://gotoknow.org
|Author=UsableLabs, Prince of Songkla University
|User_Status=Curator, Creator
|Tag=blog, knowledge management, KM, community of practice, COP, Thailand
|License_short_name=copyright, PD, CC BY, CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC-ND, CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/th/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/th/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/th/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/th/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/th/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/th/
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, MovingImage
|Country=Thailand
}}
== Overview ==

GotoKnow.org was a pioneer of blogging service in Thailand which aimed to create an online knowledge sharing ecosystem. Run by Usable Labs in Prince of Songhua University in Songhua province, Thailand, GotoKnow.org is currently funded by Thai Health Promotion Foundation under a project which aspires to create a nationwide knowledge management platform. With more than 30,000 active users consist of social developers, medical practitioners, academics, managers and employers from public and private sectors, GotoKnow.org is the largest and most vibrant Community of Practice's blogging platform in Thailand.

== License Usage ==

GotoKnow.org allows users to select the license of their own posts. Available licenses are Copyright, Public Domain, CC by, CC by-nc, CC by-nd, CC by-sa, CC by-nc-sa, and CC by-nc-nd. Default license for entries posted prior to license selector implementation in early 2009 is Copyright, while the newly created entries use CC by-nc-sa by default. The selected license is displayed at the bottom of each entry to signify the level of rights allowed by intention of authors.

== Motivations ==

GotoKnow.org is a public service. Many users share their knowledge and experience with intention for public benefit. As such, by allowing users to select Creative Commons licenses, the intention of authors is explicitly shown to other users who find the entries useful. However the other licenses such as Copyright and Public Domain are also allowed in order to cater with different needs.

Many people behind GotoKnow.org are also supporters of Creative Commons cause. They see GotoKnow.org as a prime example of user-based license selection which help with more wide-spread adoption of Creative Commons licenses especially among individual bloggers and academics. This 'distributed' adoption model complements with organisation-centric adoption which is being carried on by Creative Commons Thailand Network.

== Media ==

Case Studies/Beatpick study

2012-11-22T14:57:31Z

Sidkof: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Beatpick is a "fairplay" music label that features a range of music from all over the globe, all released under a CC BY-NC-SA license.
|Mainurl=http://www.beatpick.com/
|Author=Beatpick LLC
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=record label, music label
|License_short_name=CC BY-NC-SA
|Format=Sound
|Country=Global, United Kingdom
|Quote=Creative Commons was the inspiration for BeatPick.com and not the contrary. I thought that it was the perfect legal framework for the label I wanted to create: it would give us the possibility to decide which rights to grant and which to retain on our music.
|Quote_Attribution=David d’Atri
|Image_Header=http://creativecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/img_1787.JPG
|Image_attribution=Beatpick
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
}}
== Overview ==

Beatpick bills itself as a "Fairplay" music label. This, according to founder David d’Atri, means the following:

:1. Fairer to the public because it allows people to try before they buy, as well as pay a low price in order to download the music in a variety of high to perfect quality digital formats. BeatPick.com also encourages music sharing and allows music to be re-downloaded after it has been bought.

:2. Fairer for businesses because they get quick and easy access to music licensing prices and contracts, and have an accessible system with which to license music day or night. They also have transparent access to music licensing with equal prices for all artists, haggle-free.

:3. Fairer for the artists because they sign a non-exclusive agreement that can be terminated anytime, receive 50% of any earnings on their music, are not forced to sign obscure and unfavourable contracts, benefit from free advertisement for their creations and they get their music in film/tv and other commercial projects.

:4. Last but not least, BeatPick.com runs a fair system that encourages millions of students, soon-to-become professionals, amateurs, DJs and professionals, to use music for free in their non-commercial projects. We love people who remix, podcast or create multimedia projects with our music and disseminate it on the web. We believe this is truly a resource for innovation and sharing of information, as well as a key in assisting our business and increasing the earnings of our artists.

:5. Fairer for store owners: we are launching a pilot project in Italy under which public and private spaces will be able to acquire the right to diffuse our music in their premises without having to pay the collecting societies (SIAE in Italy). We have ratified an agreement with FIIS (Italian Federation of the Sport Centres) which will present their members with two membership options: web radio or external hard disk with music manager software. This is the first time in Italy that a private company becomes a direct competitor of SIAE therefore liberalising a market. It seems fairer that public and private spaces have an option to choose the organisation that offer the service most appropriate to their needs. Owners of large public and private spaces can save up to 70% on SIAE fees.

As of October 2007, BeatPick represents around 120 artists with over 3,000 music tracks. In addition to BeatPick’s London base, the company has recently opened an office in Rome, Italy as a result of being partially acquired by an Italian software company.

Beatpick splits earnings 50/50 with artists or labels. This agreement is non-exclusive and can be terminated anytime. Beatpick believes the core of their business lies in music licensing. From d'Atri:

:Professionals listen to our music, then pick which works best for their production and they are only just a few clicks away from getting a legal contract and WAV file for the music they have chosen. We also help professionals with no time to search for the music they need. They send us an email with their request and in a few hours they are emailed a link to download a number of songs to choose from. Once they have decided on a tune they write back to us and we send back a licensing agreement via email. We also provide clients with access to our catalogue free of charge. They get access to our ftp and from there they can download anything they want. They can simply download over 3000 tracks divided by genre to their hard disk. We are also planning to offer membership deals and supply clients with a hard disk full of music.

== License Usage ==

All of the music on Beatpick is licensed to the public under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. This allows Beatpick to retain licensing rights for their music which in turn allows them to generate profit for themselves and their artists (they have a 50/50 split).

== Motivations ==

Beatpick uses a CC BY-NC-SA license because they believe "it is the best CC license for businesses because it balances the need to make a living with the need for advertisement. It helps to get your music noticed via sharing, remixing, and use in non-commercial projects without losing the possibility to earn money from people that are willing to pay for your music. This license applies perfectly to us and has allowed us to create our business as it is."

== Media ==
[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:NY]]