Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Mongolia

2013-06-10T16:50:20Z

Nkinkade:

{{Jurisdiction
|jurstatus=Active
|country code=mn
|region=Asia-Pacific
}}
This is the space where a CC Mongolia Affiliate Road Map will be discussed and presented.

A workshop is taking place in Ulaanbaatar on April 17, 2012 hosted by the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST) and UNESCO IITE.

Chiaki Hayashi from the CC Asia office will be a guest speaker at the April 17, 2012 event.

Z. Batbold of the DREAM IT Project, funded by the International Development Research Centre (Canada) will present a draft road map for a CC Mongolia Affiliate and will invite participation from university, government and NGO representatives who will be attending the workshop.

A national seminar on Open Educational Resources sponsored by DREAM IT and IDRC was held in Ulaanbaatar in October 2010.

Link: http://bit.ly/DREAMIT_OER_OCT2010

In September 2011, a follow-up workshop on Open Data, Open Government and OER sponsored by IDRC and DREAM IT was also held.

Link: http://bit.ly/DREAMIT_OER_SEPT2011

At the 2011 workshop, two research projects funded by IDRC through DREAM IT presented some of the materials that each would make accessible as OER using CC licenses:

* Collaborative co-management of natural resource in Mongolia http://www.cbnrm.mn
* Education Wave - training and materials development for pre-school teachers http://www.davlagaa.mn

Next steps:

On July 4, 2012 an organizational meeting to set up the CC Mongolia affiliate will take place at the Hotel Ulaanbaatar.

Web Integration

2013-04-25T19:43:38Z

Nkinkade: Undo revision 65563 by Mugearikan (talk)

[[Category:Integration]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Guide]]
[[Category:Developer]]
{{Best Practice}}
__NOTOC__
<div style="font-size:125%; line-height:1.75em; margin-bottom:1.75em;">
This is a page describing ''everything'' a web-based (media) hosting site could do to integrate CC and CC-related features. From simple blogs to elaborate user-generated content communities, there are easy ways to share website content by publishing it under a Creative Commons license. Below we provide a basic overview of how you may integrate Creative Commons licensing into your website.
</div>

<div style="padding:1.25em 1em; margin-left:-1em; margin-right:-1em; -moz-border-radius:5px; -webkit-border-radius:5px; background-color: #eaeaea; overflow: auto;">
== Tools of the Trade ==
{{PageColumn|
== [[Web Integration/HowTo | HowTo Guide]] ==
While knowing about the various tools Creative Commons provides to integrate CC licenses in your web application, seeing examples of implementations is even better!

== [[LicenseChooser.js]] ==

LicenseChooser.js provides a lightweight method for integrating license selection into web applications. The widget is used by TypePad, as well as WpLicense.

== [[Partner Interface]] ==
This interface provides another method of integrating CC license choice in your web application using an <code>iframe</code> or HTML popup.

}}

{{PageColumn|
== [[Web Services | Web Services (API)]] ==
The web services are designed to be a more flexible option for building a custom, fully integrated solution.

== ThirdParty Tools ==
* [[Acts As License]][http://pozycjonowaniestron.co/ d] is a Ruby on Rails plugin that allows for integrating of CC license choice in your Rails web application as a server application building tool.
}}

 

== Underlying Technology ==

{{PageColumn|
=== [[RDFa]] ===

RDFa is a way of expressing RDF in XHTML. Creative Commons uses RDFa to express license and other information about works for the semantic web.
}}

{{PageColumn|
=== [[CcREL]] ===
A specification describing how license information may be described and attached to works.
}}

 

== [[Developer Challenges]] Related to Web Integration ==
{{#ask:
[[Category:Challenge]] [[Has Challenge Type::Developer]] [[Is Complete::false]] [[Has Tag::web]]
| ?Related To
| ?Has Tag
}}

</div>

Founders Copyright

2013-04-23T18:45:50Z

Nkinkade: Created page with "=== Founders Copyright === The Founders Copyright project at CC is '''no longer active'''. This page contains a small amount of information for historical purposes. === Back..."

=== Founders Copyright ===
The Founders Copyright project at CC is '''no longer active'''. This page contains a small amount of information for historical purposes.

=== Background ===
The Framers of the U.S. Constitution understood that copyright was about balance -- a trade-off between public and private gain, society-wide innovation and creative reward. In 1790, the U.S.'s first copyright law granted authors a monopoly right over their creations for 14 years, with the option of renewing that monopoly for another 14. The Founders Copyright initiatiative was created to help restore that sense of balance -- not through any change to the current laws -- but by helping copyright holders who recognize a long copyright term's limited benefit to voluntarily release that right after a shorter period.

===How it Worked===
Rather than adopting a standard U.S. copyright that would last in excess of 70 years after the author's lifetime, Creative Commons and a contributor entered into a contract to guarantee that the relevant creative work would enter the public domain after 14 years, unless the author chose to extend for another 14. To re-create the functionality of a 14- or 28-year copyright, the contributor would sell the copyright to Creative Commons for $1.00, at which point Creative Commons would give the contributor an exclusive license to the work for 14 (or 28) years. During this period, Creative Commons would list all works under the Founders' Copyright, along with each projected public domain liberation date, in an online registry.

Science events

2013-04-15T16:17:34Z

Nkinkade: /* Events [test page] for Science/Data */

==Events [test page] for Science/Data==
{{#ask:
[[EventCategory::open data]]
[[Category:Event]]
| ?date#ISO=
| ?Location=
| ?EventType=
| ?EventCategory=
| ?Mainurl=
| ?end_date=
| format=template
| template=Event List
| sort=date
| limit=40
| link=none
| searchlabel=<div style="text-align:center;width:100%;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;background-color:#e0e0e0; position: relative;overflow: visible;margin-bottom:10px;border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;">
'''More Events'''</div>
}}

Academic Earth

2013-04-09T15:11:01Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Organization Name=Academic Earth
|Affiliation=Academic Earth, LLC
|Location= New York, NY, USA
|Contact=Richard Ludlow, Founder/CEO; Chris Bruner, Vice President
|Email=hello@academicearth.org
|Mainurl=http://academicearth.org/
|Resource URL=http://academicearth.org/
|Tag=OCW, video, lectures, higher education
|Organization Type=LLC
|Open or Free Statement=unknown
|License provider=CC, various
|License short name=various
|License=http://academicearth.org/pages/terms-of-use
}}
Academic Earth is an organization founded with the goal of giving everyone on earth access to a world-class education by providing thousands of video lectures from the world's top scholars. Like - [http://www.nubeginnings.co.uk/what-we-offer/weight-loss/ Weightloss bootcamp]

Birthday Party 2008 Toronto

2013-04-09T15:10:38Z

Nkinkade:

{{Event
|Mainurl=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Birthday_Party_2008_Toronto
|EventType=Party
|date=2008/12/16
|end_date=2008/12/16
|Location=Toronto ON Canada
|EventCategory=Free Culture
}}
Celebrate six exceptional years for Creative Commons, the Open Source culture, and International Communities movements, Communicable.ca is hosting a birthday bash!
'''The event will be held on Tuesday, December 16th, 2008, from 5:30pm - 8pm at TBD.'''
Please RSVP (link coming shortly) so we know you're coming.
We hope you'll join us for a relaxing evening celebration and have some Creative Commons Birthday cake! Everyone is welcome, but space is limited - so bring friends and arrive early!

=== Who ===
Anyone interested in or who already knows the young Creative Commons anywhere in the world.
=== What ===
A birthday party for Creative Commons for all of the friends, users, developers, and soon-to-be friends of Creative Commons. There will be drinks, music, videos and so much fun. Also, the event will be coordinated with other CC Birthday Parties in hopes of having a continuous birthday celebration and synchronization to light up the blogosphere and explore CC-licensed content.

[[Category:Event]]

Alexandria Archive Inst

2013-04-09T15:09:40Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Organization Name=Open Context (Alexandria Archive Inst.)
|Location=Berkeley CA, USA
|Language code=en
|Contact=Eric Kansa
|Email=ekansa@ischool.berkeley.edu
|Mainurl=http://opencontext.org
|Resource URL=http://opencontext.org
|Resource Feed URL=http://opencontext.org/projects/.atom
|Tag=archaeology, field science, secondary education
|Organization Type=nonprofit
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|OER Statement=Content under various licenses, mostly CC By
|License provider=CC
|License short name=CC BY, CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-SA, various
|License=http://
}}
This site primarily focuses on archaeology and museum collections and is edited by professional, credentialed researchers.

However, most content is highly specialized primary field data, linked with thousands of images and some narrative documentation. While all contributions are evaluated by a credentialed editorial staff prior to publication, most content represents "field notes" and "raw data", and will likely contain some typographic and other errors. So please use with discretion.

Finally, the data in Open Context are highly portable and easy to use in "mash-ups", please see http://opencontext.org/about/services for discussion.

Boston College - Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment

2013-04-09T15:09:07Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Affiliation=Boston College, Boston College Libraries
|Location=Boston, MA, USA
|Mainurl=http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|OER Statement=no
|License provider=ARR Copyright, None
|License short name=copyright
|License=http://
}}

Bug Labs

2013-04-09T15:08:42Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Affiliation=Bug Labs
|Location=New York City
|Contact=Alicia Gibb
|Email=alicia@buglabs.net
|Mainurl=buglabs.net/edu
|Resource URL=buglabs.net
|Tag=open source, hardware, software, gadget, platform, linux, computer science, electrical engineering
|Organization Type=software company
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|License short name=CC BY-SA, GNU GPL
|License=http://
}}

Birthday Party 2008 Toronto

2013-04-09T15:08:15Z

Nkinkade:

Carnegie Mellon University - Open Learning Initiative

2013-04-09T15:07:48Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Affiliation=Carnegie Mellon University
|Location=Pittsburgh, PA, USA
|Contact=Candace Thille
|Email=cthille@andrew.cmu.edu
|Mainurl=http://www.cmu.edu/oli/
|Tag=tertiary education, online courses, higher education
|Organization Type=university
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|OER Statement=no
|Link Archive=no
|License provider=CC
|License short name=CC BY-NC-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
}}

Axolotl Academic Publishing Co

2013-04-09T15:07:15Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Organization Name=Axolotl Academic Publishing Co.
|Location=Louisville, KY, USA
|Language code=en
|Email=info@axopub.com
|Mainurl=http://www.axopub.com
|Tag=biology, science, secondary education, high school, college, undergraduate
|Organization Type=open access textbooks
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|License provider=CC
|License short name=CC BY-NC-ND
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
}}
Axolotl Academic Publishing Co. was founded by a former college biology professor who had been hearing constant complaints from students about the high cost of textbooks for many years. Coupled with a concern for the low level of science knowledge in the general populace and a recognition of budgetary concerns in public school systems, this spurred the formation of a company to create and publish free (open access) textbooks in the biological sciences at the college and secondary school levels. The first text, a college level textbook for cellular and molecular biology courses, has just been released, and a high school general biology text is now in progress and scheduled for Q2-2011 release.

Beyond Textbooks

2013-04-09T15:06:06Z

Nkinkade:

{{Organization
|Mainurl=http://beyondtextbooks.org/
|License short name=copyright
|Open or Free Statement=no
|License=http://
|Organization Type=project, tool
|Affiliation=Vail School District
|Location=Vail, AZ, USA
|Tag=textbooks,
|Organization_Name=Beyond Textbooks
|License_provider=ARR Copyright
}}

Public domain

2013-02-22T17:49:00Z

Nkinkade: /* When does a work enter the public domain? */

When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.

Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] --[http://seoexpertglobal.com/ -] [http://homesmarket.co.uk/ .] clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]

Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.

Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]

== When does a work enter the public domain? ==

This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page].

Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]

== Creative Commons public domain tools ==

* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.

See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.

Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.

The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].

== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==

[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.

As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.

== See also ==

* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]
{{Translations
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние
}}

[[Category:Public domain]]

4.0/Drafts

2013-02-14T14:08:14Z

Nkinkade: /* Draft 3 Details */

==Launch, drafting and process information==
* Global Summit (Sept 2011), [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/29639 outcomes related to 4.0]
* Public discussion [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/30676 launch (December 2011)]
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0 4.0 wiki] detailing objectives, process, topic/issue page

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1 Draft 1 Details]==
''(Note that only BY-NC-SA (international) is presented in draft form, as the other licenses are easily crafted from its terms. Comments are not limited solely to this one license but should be presented on the license suite as a whole)''
* Publication date: 2 April 2012
** [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/32157 Blog post]
** [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-April/006720.html Announcement to license-discuss]
* Documents
** 4.0d1 BY-NC-SA (international)
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/3/36/4point0_draft_1.odt ODT]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/f/f5/4point0_draft_1.PDF PDF]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/cc/4point0_draft_1.txt TXT]
** Side-by-side comparison to BY-NC-SA 3.0 (international), with notations
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/9/91/BY_NC_SA_comparison_chart.pdf PDF] (only)
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1 Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests]
* Comment period: 2 April 2012 thru May 2012
** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1/Regional_calls Regional Calls]

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2 Draft 2 Details]==
''(Note that BY-NC-SA and BY-SA are presented. Comments are not limited solely to these two licenses, however.)''
* Publication date: 1 August 2012
** [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/33632 Blog post]
** [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-August/007107.html Announcement to license-discuss]
* Documents
** 4.0d2 BY-NC-SA (international)
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/9/94/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).odt ODT]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/7/75/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).pdf PDF]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/4/43/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).txt TXT]
***[http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/drafts/by-nc-sa_4.0_draft.html HTML]
** Side-by-side comparison between BY-NC-SA 4.0d1 and 4.0d2 (international), with abbreviated explanations
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/3/3f/Comparison_Chart_d1_to_d2_(final_31-July).pdf PDF] (only)
** 4.0d2 BY-SA (international)
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/0b/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).odt ODT]
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/1/1b/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).pdf PDF]
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/8/89/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).txt TXT]
** Attribution comparison chart (across 3.0, d1 and d2) [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5f/Attribution_comparision_(4-1.0d2_final_for_31_July).pdf PDF] (only)
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2#Feedback_requests.2C_including_topics_and_policies_still_under_consideration Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests]
* Comment period: 1 August 2012 thru approximately 15 September 2012
** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2/Regional_calls Regional Calls]

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_3 Draft 3 Details]==
''(Note that all six licenses will be presented. BY-NC-SA is presented immediately; the other licenses will follow shortly and this page and the lists updated.)''
* Publication date: February 14, 2013
** Blog post
** Announcement to license-discuss
* Documents
** 4.0d3 BY-NC-SA (international)
*** ODT
*** PDF
*** TBT
*** HTML
** Side-by-side comparison between BY-NC-SA 4.0d2 and 4.0d3 (international), with abbreviated explanations
*** [[Media:Comparison_Chart_d2_to_d3_.pdf | PDF]] (only)
** 4.0d3 BY-SA (international)
*** ODT
*** PDF
*** TXT
** Comparison of Attribution requirements
*** 3.0 and 4.0d3 [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/File:Attribution_chart_%28v3_v_d3%29_.pdf PDF] (only)
*** 4.0d2 and 4.0d3 [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/File:Attribution_chart_%28d2_v_d3%29.pdf PDF] (only)
* Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests coming
* Comment period:

{{Translations
| articles = Ru:4.0/Проекты
}}

4.0/Drafts

2013-02-14T14:07:00Z

Nkinkade: /* Draft 3 Details */

==Launch, drafting and process information==
* Global Summit (Sept 2011), [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/29639 outcomes related to 4.0]
* Public discussion [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/30676 launch (December 2011)]
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0 4.0 wiki] detailing objectives, process, topic/issue page

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1 Draft 1 Details]==
''(Note that only BY-NC-SA (international) is presented in draft form, as the other licenses are easily crafted from its terms. Comments are not limited solely to this one license but should be presented on the license suite as a whole)''
* Publication date: 2 April 2012
** [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/32157 Blog post]
** [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-April/006720.html Announcement to license-discuss]
* Documents
** 4.0d1 BY-NC-SA (international)
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/3/36/4point0_draft_1.odt ODT]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/f/f5/4point0_draft_1.PDF PDF]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/cc/4point0_draft_1.txt TXT]
** Side-by-side comparison to BY-NC-SA 3.0 (international), with notations
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/9/91/BY_NC_SA_comparison_chart.pdf PDF] (only)
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1 Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests]
* Comment period: 2 April 2012 thru May 2012
** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_1/Regional_calls Regional Calls]

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2 Draft 2 Details]==
''(Note that BY-NC-SA and BY-SA are presented. Comments are not limited solely to these two licenses, however.)''
* Publication date: 1 August 2012
** [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/33632 Blog post]
** [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-August/007107.html Announcement to license-discuss]
* Documents
** 4.0d2 BY-NC-SA (international)
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/9/94/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).odt ODT]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/7/75/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).pdf PDF]
***[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/4/43/4.0d2_(final_by_nc_sa_31_July).txt TXT]
***[http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/drafts/by-nc-sa_4.0_draft.html HTML]
** Side-by-side comparison between BY-NC-SA 4.0d1 and 4.0d2 (international), with abbreviated explanations
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/3/3f/Comparison_Chart_d1_to_d2_(final_31-July).pdf PDF] (only)
** 4.0d2 BY-SA (international)
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/0b/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).odt ODT]
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/1/1b/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).pdf PDF]
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/8/89/4.0d2_(final_by_sa_31_July).txt TXT]
** Attribution comparison chart (across 3.0, d1 and d2) [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5f/Attribution_comparision_(4-1.0d2_final_for_31_July).pdf PDF] (only)
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2#Feedback_requests.2C_including_topics_and_policies_still_under_consideration Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests]
* Comment period: 1 August 2012 thru approximately 15 September 2012
** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_2/Regional_calls Regional Calls]

==[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/4.0/Draft_3 Draft 3 Details]==
''(Note that all six licenses will be presented. BY-NC-SA is presented immediately; the other licenses will follow shortly and this page and the lists updated.)''
* Publication date: February 14, 2013
** Blog post
** Announcement to license-discuss
* Documents
** 4.0d3 BY-NC-SA (international)
*** ODT
*** PDF
*** TBT
*** HTML
** Side-by-side comparison between BY-NC-SA 4.0d2 and 4.0d3 (international), with abbreviated explanations
*** [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Media:Comparison_Chart_d2_to_d3_.pdf PDF] (only)
** 4.0d3 BY-SA (international)
*** ODT
*** PDF
*** TXT
** Comparison of Attribution requirements
*** 3.0 and 4.0d3 [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/File:Attribution_chart_%28v3_v_d3%29_.pdf PDF] (only)
*** 4.0d2 and 4.0d3 [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/File:Attribution_chart_%28d2_v_d3%29.pdf PDF] (only)
* Introduction to draft, policies, feedback requests coming
* Comment period:

{{Translations
| articles = Ru:4.0/Проекты
}}

Frequently Asked Questions

2013-01-23T22:02:13Z

Nkinkade: /* May I apply a Creative Commons license to a work in the public domain? */

__NOTOC__
These FAQs are designed to provide a better understanding of Creative Commons, our licenses and our other legal and technical tools. They provide basic information, sometimes about fairly complex topics. These FAQs will often link to more detailed information. Please note that several of our tools have their own in-depth FAQs, including our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 Public Domain Dedication] and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/PDM_FAQ Public Domain Mark]. If you have any questions about CC that are not covered here or elsewhere on our website, please email info@creativecommons.org.

Regarding terminology used in these FAQs, Creative Commons designs and stewards licenses and legal tools that allow copyright holders to offer their works to the public on conditions expressed in the selected license or tool. The holder of the copyright may be referred to in these FAQs as the licensor, rightsholder, owner or creator. All of those terms are used interchangeably to refer to the person or entity that at the time the CC license or tool is applied has the right to do so. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, information about our licenses provided below is made with reference to the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_Versions version 3.0] license suite, and is not necessarily the same for earlier license versions.

Please Note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' This FAQ is designed to be helpful in raising awareness about Creative Commons and the use of our licenses and other tools. It is not a substitute for legal advice. It may not cover important issues that affect you. You should consult with your own lawyer if you have questions.

==Questions==

===Most Frequently Asked Questions===

#[[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_other_tools.2C_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | Can Creative Commons give legal advice about its licenses or other tools, or help with CC license enforcement?]]
#[[#Who_gives_permission_to_use_works_offered_under_Creative_Commons_licenses.3F | Who gives permission to use works offered under Creative Commons licenses?]]
#[[#How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_work_offered_under_a_Creative_Commons_license.3F | How do I properly attribute a work offered under a Creative Commons license?]]
#[[#What_if_CC_licenses_have_not_been_ported_to_my_jurisdiction_.28country.29.3F |What if CC licenses have not been ported to my jurisdiction (country)?]]
#[[#Does_my_use_constitute_an_adaptation.3F | Does my use constitute an adaptation?]]
#[[#Does_my_use_violate_the_NonCommercial_clause_of_the_licenses.3F | Does my use violate the NonCommercial clause of the licenses?]]
#[[#Can_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_software.3F | Can I apply a Creative Commons license to software?]]
#[[#How_can_I_change_or_remove_the_Creative_Commons_search_option_built_into_the_Firefox_browser.3F | How can I change or remove the Creative Commons search option built into the Firefox browser?]]
#[[#Can_I_change_the_license_terms_or_conditions.3F | Can I change the license terms or conditions?]]

===About CC===

#[[#What_is_Creative_Commons_and_what_do_you_do.3F | What is Creative Commons and what do you do?]]
#[[#Is_Creative_Commons_against_copyright.3F | Is Creative Commons against copyright?]]
#[[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_other_tools.2C_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | Can Creative Commons give legal advice about its licenses or other tools, or help with CC license enforcement?]]
#[[#Who_gives_permission_to_use_works_offered_under_Creative_Commons_licenses.3F | Who gives permission to use works offered under Creative Commons licenses?]]
#[[#Does_Creative_Commons_collect_or_track_works_licensed_under_a_CC_license.3F | Does Creative Commons collect or track works licensed under a CC license?]]
#[[#May_I_use_the_Creative_Commons_logo_and_buttons.3F | May I use the Creative Commons logo and buttons?]]
#[[#I_love_Creative_Commons._How_can_I_help.3F | I love Creative Commons. How can I help?]]
#[[#Why does Creative Commons run an annual fundraising campaign? What is the money used for and where does it go.3F | Why does Creative Commons run an annual fundraising campaign? What is the money used for and where does it go?]]

===General License Information===

#[[#What_are_Creative_Commons_licenses.3F | What are Creative Commons licenses?]]
#[[#How_do_CC_licenses_operate.3F | How do CC licenses operate?]]
#[[#Which_is_the_latest_version_of_the_licenses_offered_by_Creative_Commons.3F | Which is the latest version of the licenses offered by Creative Commons?]]
#[[#Why_should_I_use_the_latest_version_.28currently_3.0.29_of_the_Creative_Commons_licenses.3F | Why should I use the latest version (currently 3.0) of the Creative Commons licenses?]]
#[[#Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_exceptions_and_limitations_to_copyright.2C_such_as_fair_dealing_and_fair_use.3F | Do Creative Commons licenses affect exceptions and limitations to copyright, such as fair dealing and fair use?]]
#[[#What_does_.22Some_Rights_Reserved.22_mean.3F | What does "Some Rights Reserved" mean?]]
#[[#Are_Creative_Commons_licenses_enforceable_in_a_court_of_law.3F | Are Creative Commons licenses enforceable in a court of law?]]
#[[#What_happens_if_someone_applies_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_my_work_without_my_knowledge_or_authorization.3F | What happens if someone applies a CC license to my work without my knowledge or authorization?]]
#[[#Which_Creative_Commons_ShareAlike_license_versions_are_compatible_with_each_other.3F | Which Creative Commons ShareAlike license versions are compatible with each other?]]
#[[#What_are_the_international_.28.E2.80.9Cunported.E2.80.9D.29_Creative_Commons_licenses.2C_and_why_does_CC_offer_.E2.80.9Cported.E2.80.9D_licenses.3F | What are the international (“unported”) Creative Commons licenses, and why does CC offer “ported” licenses?]]
#[[#What_if_CC_licenses_have_not_been_ported_to_my_jurisdiction_.28country.29.3F |What if CC licenses have not been ported to my jurisdiction (country)?]]
#[[#What_do_the_Creative_Commons_buttons_do.3F | What do the Creative Commons buttons do?]]
#[[#Can_I_include_a_work_licensed_with_CC_BY_in_a_Wikipedia_article_even_though_they_use_a_CC_BY-SA_license.3F | Can I include a work licensed with CC BY in a Wikipedia article even though they use a CC BY-SA license?]]
#[[#Can_anyone_use_a_CC_license.3F_What_about_governments_and_intergovernmental_organizations_.28.22IGOs.22.29.3F | Can anyone use a CC license? What about governments and intergovernmental organizations ("IGOs")?]]

===For Licensors===
'''NB: You should never apply a CC license to a work unless you have [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Before_Licensing all the permissions you need] to do so. '''

#[[#What_things_should_I_think_about_before_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_my_work.3F | What things should I think about before I apply a Creative Commons license to my work?]]
#[[#How_should_I_decide_which_license_to_choose.3F | How should I decide which license to choose?]]
#[[#Should_I_choose_an_international_license_or_a_ported_license.3F | Should I choose an international license or a ported license?]]
#[[#What_if_I_change_my_mind.3F | What if I change my mind?]]
#[[#Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_if_I_am_a_member_of_a_collecting_society.3F | Can I use a Creative Commons license if I am a member of a collecting society?]]
#[[#Can_I_still_make_money_from_a_work_I_make_available_under_a_Creative_Commons_license.3F | Can I still make money from a work I make available under a Creative Commons license?]]
#[[#How_do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_my_moral_rights.2C_if_at_all.3F | How do Creative Commons licenses affect my moral rights, if at all?]]
#[[#Can_I_change_the_license_terms_or_conditions.3F | Can I change the license terms or conditions?]]
#[[#Can_I_waive_license_terms_or_conditions.3F | Can I waive license terms or conditions?]]
#[[#Can_I_enter_into_separate_agreements_or_understandings_with_users_outside_the_scope_of_the_license.3F | Can I enter into separate agreements or understandings with users outside the scope of the license?]]
#[[#What_happens_if_I_offer_my_work_under_a_Creative_Commons_license_and_someone_misuses_my_work.3F | What happens if I offer my work under a Creative Commons license and someone misuses my work?]]
#[[#What_can_I_do_if_I_offer_my_work_under_a_Creative_Commons_license_and_I_do_not_like_the_way_someone_uses_my_work.3F | What can I do if I offer my work under a Creative Commons license and I do not like the way someone uses my work?]]
#[[#What_do_I_do_if_someone_tries_to_restrict_my_work_with_digital_rights_management_.28DRM.29.3F | What do I do if someone tries to restrict my work with digital rights management (DRM)?]]
#[[#Do_I_need_to_register_with_Creative_Commons_before_I_obtain_a_license.3F | Do I need to register with Creative Commons before I obtain a license?]]
#[[#How_do_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_my_work.3F | How do I apply a Creative Commons license to my work?]]
#[[#Why_should_I_use_the_license_chooser.3F_What_if_I_don.E2.80.99t.3F | Why should I use the license chooser? What if I don’t?]]
#[[#May_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_a_work_in_the_public_domain.3F | May I apply a Creative Commons license to a work in the public domain?]]
#[[#If_I_take_a_photograph_of_another_work_that_is_out_of_copyright_and_in_the_public_domain,_can_I_apply_a_CC_license_to_my_photo.3F | If I take a photograph of another work that is out of copyright and in the public domain, can I apply a CC license to my photo?]]
#[[#Can_I_insist_on_the_exact_placement_of_the_attribution_credit.3F | Can I insist on the exact placement of the attribution credit?]]
#[[#Can_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_software.3F | Can I apply a Creative Commons license to software?]]
#[[#Can_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_data_or_a_database.3F | Can I apply a Creative Commons license to data or a database?]]
#[[#Could_I_use_a_CC_license_to_share_my_logo_or_trademark.3F | Could I use a CC license to share my logo or trademark?]]
#[[#Can_I_place_a_trademark_on_a_work_and_offer_the_work_under_a_CC_license_without_also_licensing_or_otherwise_affecting_rights_in_the_trademark.3F_If_so.2C_how.3F | Can I place a trademark on a work and offer the work under a CC license without also licensing or otherwise affecting rights in the trademark? If so, how?]]

===For Licensees===

#[[#What_should_I_think_about_before_using_a_work_offered_under_a_Creative_Commons_license.3F | What should I think about before using a work offered under a Creative Commons license?]]
#[[#Are_all_the_licenses_at_the_same_version_level_identical.3F_What_should_I_know_about_differences_between_the_international_licenses_and_the_ported_licenses.3F | Are all the licenses at the same version level identical? What should I know about differences between the international licenses and the ported licenses?]]
#[[#Does_a_Creative_Commons_license_give_me_all_the_rights_I_need_to_use_the_work.3F | Does a Creative Commons license give me all the rights I need to use the work?]]
#[[#How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_work_offered_under_a_Creative_Commons_license.3F | How do I properly attribute a work offered under a Creative Commons license?]]
#[[#Do_I_need_to_be_aware_of_anything_else_when_providing_attribution_or_credit.3F | Do I need to be aware of anything else when providing attribution or credit?]]
#[[#What_happens_if_I_want_to_use_the_work_in_a_way_that_is_not_permitted_by_the_license.3F | What happens if I want to use the work in a way that is not permitted by the license?]]
#[[#Does_my_use_violate_the_NonCommercial_clause_of_the_licenses.3F | Does my use violate the NonCommercial clause of the licenses?]]
#[[#Does_my_use_constitute_an adaptation.3F | Does my use constitute an adaptation?]]
#[[#Can_I_combine_works_that_use_different_Creative_Commons_licenses_into_my_work.3F | Can I combine works that use different Creative Commons licenses into my work?]]
#[[#If_I_derive_or_adapt_a_work_offered_under_a_Creative_Commons_license.2C_which_CC_license.28s.29_can_I_apply_to_the_resulting_work.3F | If I derive or adapt a work offered under a Creative Commons license, which CC license(s) can I apply to the resulting work?]]
#[[#If_I_create_a_collective_work_that_includes_a_work_offered_under_a_CC_license.2C_which_license.28s.29_may_I_choose_for_the_collection.3F | If I create a collective work that includes a work offered under a CC license, which license(s) may I choose for the collection?]]
#[[#Where_can_I_find_material_offered_under_a_CC_license.3F | Where can I find material offered under a CC license?]]

===Technical Questions===

#[[#How_do_Creative_Commons_licenses_and_public_domain_tools_work_technically.3F | How do Creative Commons licenses and public domain tools work technically?]]
#[[#What_does_it_mean_that_Creative_Commons_licenses_are_.22machine-readable.22.3F | What does it mean that Creative Commons licenses are "machine-readable"?]]
#[[#What_is_RDFa.3F | What is RDFa?]]
#[[#What_is_CC_REL_and_why_does_Creative_Commons_recommend_it.3F | What is CC REL and why does Creative Commons recommend it?]]
#[[#What_does_it_mean_for_a_search_engine_to_be_CC-enabled.3F | What does it mean for a search engine to be CC-enabled?]]
#[[#How_do_I_give_users_of_my_site_the_option_to_use_CC_licensing_like_Flickr_does.3F | How do I give users of my site the option to use CC licensing like Flickr does?]]
#[[#How_can_I_change_or_remove_the_Creative_Commons_search_option_built_into_the_Firefox_browser.3F | How do I change/remove the Creative Commons search options built into the Firefox browser?]]
#[[#Is_Creative_Commons_involved_in_digital_rights_management_.28DRM.29.3F | Is Creative Commons involved in digital rights management (DRM)?]]

===Legal Background===

#[[#What_is_copyright_and_why_does_it_matter.3F | What is copyright and why does it matter?]]
#[[#What_is_the_public_domain.3F | What is the public domain?]]
#[[#What_do_I_need_to_do_to_get_a_copyright.3F | What do I need to do to get a copyright?]]
#[[#What_is_an_adaptation.3F | What is an adaptation?]]
#[[#What_are_moral_rights.3F | What are moral rights?]]
#[[#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F | What are neighboring rights?]]
#[[#What_are_collecting_societies.3F | What are collecting societies?]]
#[[#What_are_publicity_and_privacy_rights.3F | What are publicity and privacy rights?]]

<hr/>

==About CC==






====What is Creative Commons and what do you do?====

Creative Commons is a global nonprofit organization that enables sharing and reuse of creativity and knowledge through the provision of free legal tools. CC has affiliates [http://creativecommons.org/international/ all over the world] who help ensure our licenses work internationally and who raise awareness about our work. Our legal tools help those who want to encourage reuse of their works by offering them for use under generous, standardized terms, those who want to make creative uses of works, and those who want to benefit from this symbiosis. Our vision is to help others realize the full potential of the internet.

Although Creative Commons is best known for licenses, our work extends beyond just providing copyright licenses. CC offers a number of other legal and technical tools that also facilitate sharing and discovery of creative works. Unlike other public legal tools, [[#Technical_Questions_2 | Creative Commons' licenses and tools were designed specifically to work with the web]], which makes content that is offered under their terms easy to search for, discover and use. CC also offers other legal tools, such as [http://creativecommons.org/choose/zero/ CC0], a public domain dedication for rightsholders who wish to put their work into the public domain in advance of the expiration of applicable copyright, and the [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0 Public Domain Mark], a tool for marking a work that is in the worldwide public domain. Additionally, Creative Commons makes available tools used by scientific communities, such as standard materials transfer agreements.

For more information about CC, our [http://creativecommons.org main website] contains in-depth information about [http://creativecommons.org/about/ the organization], its [http://creativecommons.org/about/people/ staff and board of directors], its [http://creativecommons.org/about/history history] and its [https://support.creativecommons.org/supporters supporters]. You can also read [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies CC case studies] to learn about some of the inspiring ways CC licenses and tools have been used to share works and support innovative business models. You can also find up-to-the-minute information about CC by visiting the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog blog].

====Is Creative Commons against copyright?====

Absolutely not. CC has [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/22643 responded to claims to the contrary]. CC licenses are copyright licenses, and depend on the existence of copyright to work. CC licenses are legal tools that creators and other rightsholders can use to offer certain usage rights to the public, while reserving other rights. Those who want to make their work available to the public for limited kinds of uses while preserving their copyright may want to consider using CC licenses. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.




====Can Creative Commons give legal advice about its licenses or other tools, or help with CC license enforcement?====

No. Creative Commons is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice or legal services. CC is similar to a self-help service that offers free, form-based legal documents for others to use. CC also provides a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Jurisdiction_Database jurisdiction database] where you can compare the international licenses (formerly known at the "unported licenses") and ports (adaptations of the international licenses for particular jurisdictions), and a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_versions license versions page] where you can compare the differences between license versions.

The CC wiki has a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_Friendly_Lawyers list of lawyers and organizations] who have identified themselves as willing to provide information to others about CC licensing issues. However, please note that CC does not provide referral services, and does not endorse or recommend any person on that list. CC's [[CC Affiliate Network|Affiliate Network]] may also be a good resource for information about the licenses in a particular jurisdiction, though they should not be contacted for legal advice, at least in their capacity as a member of our CC Affiliate Network.





====Who gives permission to use works offered under Creative Commons licenses?====

Our licenses and legal tools are intended for use by anyone who holds copyright to the work. This is often, but not always, the creator or author. Creative Commons has no authority to grant permission on behalf of those persons, nor does CC manage those rights on behalf of others. CC offers licenses and tools to the public free of charge and does not require that creators or other rightsholders register with CC in order to apply a CC license to a work. This means that CC does not have special knowledge of who uses the licenses and for what purposes, nor does CC have a way to contact authors beyond means generally available to the public.

If you would like to obtain additional permissions to use the work beyond those granted by the license that has been applied, you should [[#What_happens_if_I_want_to_do_something_with_the_work_that_is_not_permitted_by_the_license.3F | contact the rightsholder]].






====Does Creative Commons collect or track works licensed under a CC license?====

CC does not collect content or track works except by way of example. CC builds technical tools that help the public search for and use works licensed under our licenses and other legal tools. For instance, the [https://creativecommons.net/ CC Network] [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/10043 allows creators and users to express their support for Creative Commons], and also provides a tool for creators to authenticate ownership of their works. CC also offers tools like [http://search.creativecommons.org/ CC Search] to help the public discover works offered under Creative Commons licenses on the Internet via CC-aware search engines and repositories.






====May I use the Creative Commons logo and buttons?====

You may [http://creativecommons.org/about/downloads download high resolution versions] of the Creative Commons logos and use them in connection with your work or your website, provided you comply with our [http://creativecommons.org/policies policies]. Among other things, if you use the logos on a website or on your work, you may not alter the logos in any respect -- such as by changing the font, the proportions or the colors. CC's buttons, name and corporate logo (the “CC” in a circle) are trademarks of Creative Commons. You cannot use them in ways not permitted by our policies unless you first receive express, written permission. This means, for example, that you cannot (without our permission) print your own buttons and t-shirts using CC logos, although you can purchase them in CC’s [https://creativecommons.net/store/ store].


====I love Creative Commons. How can I help?====

Please support CC by making a donation through our [https://creativecommons.net/ support page]. You can choose to receive a variety of cool merchandise in exchange for your donation, depending on the amount donated. Donations and shipping information can be handled through Google Checkout or PayPal. You can also support CC by visiting our [https://creativecommons.net/store store].

CC always welcomes your feedback, which you can provide by emailing [mailto:info@creativecommons.org info@creativecommons.org]. Alternately, you can participate in CC's [http://creativecommons.org/contact#discuss email discussion lists] and share feedback and ideas in one of those forums.



====Why does Creative Commons run an annual fundraising campaign? What is the money used for and where does it go?====

Creative Commons is a global nonprofit organization that enables sharing and reuse of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools, with affiliates all over the world who help ensure our licenses work internationally and raise awareness about our work. Our tools are free and our reach is wide. In order to:
*continue developing our licenses and public domain tools to make sure they are legally and technically up-to-date around the world,
*help creators implement these tools on websites through best practices and individual assistance,
*enable CC licensing on major content-sharing platforms,
*enhance CC-licensed resource search and discovery,
*advocate for CC licensing and open policies in education, science, and culture, and myriad other activities we’re forgetting to mention--such as all the everyday, boring but essential operations that go into running an organization--we need $ to make it all happen!

Creative Commons has always relied on the generosity of both individuals and organizations to fund its ongoing operations. It is essential we have the public’s support because it is the creators and users, neither mutually exclusive, that make our tools relevant in this digital age. They depend on the tools and services CC provides through their reuse and remix of the rich and open resources available on Wikipedia, Flickr, SoundCloud, Vimeo, Europeana, MIT OpenCourseWare, the Public Library of Science, Al Jazeera, and YouTube--just to name a few. Many of these people donate $10, $25 or $50 to CC, to help keep it up and running so we can continue to provide our tools and services for free, as a nonprofit organization. The more people who [https://creativecommons.net/donate/ donate] to CC, the more independent it will remain.

==General License Information==



====What are Creative Commons licenses?====

[http://creativecommons.org/licenses Creative Commons licenses] provide an easy way to manage the copyright terms that attach automatically to all creative works under copyright. Our licenses allow those works to be shared and re-used under terms that are flexible and legally sound. Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses. Because there is no single "Creative Commons license," it is important to identify which of the six licenses you are applying to your work, and which of the six licenses has been applied to a work you intend to use.

All of our licenses require that users provide attribution (BY) to the original creator and licensor (where those are different) when the content is used and shared. Some licensors choose the BY license, which conditions reuse only on that condition. The other five licenses combine BY with one or more of three additional conditions: NonCommercial (NC), which prohibits commercial use of the work; NoDerivatives (ND), which permits reuse provided the work is not modified; and if modifications are allowed, ShareAlike (SA), which requires modified works be released under the same license.

CC licenses may be applied to any type of work, including [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/OER educational resources], [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Musician music], [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Photographer photographs], [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Data databases], [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government_use_of_Creative_Commons government and public sector information] and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies many other types of creative content]. The only categories of works for which CC does not recommend its licenses are [[#Can_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_software.3F | computer software]] and works that are [[#May_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_a_work_in_the_public_domain | no longer protected by copyright or are otherwise in the public domain]].

====How do CC licenses operate?====

CC licenses take effect and are operative only when applied to a work in which a copyright exists, and even then only when a particular use of the work is prohibited by copyright. This means that CC license terms and conditions are '''not''' triggered by [[#Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_fair_use.2C_fair_dealing.2C_or_other_exceptions_to_copyright.3F | a use permitted under any applicable exceptions and limitations to copyright]], nor do license terms and conditions apply to elements of a licensed work that are in the public domain. This also means that CC licenses do not contractually impose restrictions on uses of a work where there is no underlying copyright. This feature (and others) distinguish CC licenses from some other open licenses like the [http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/ ODbL] and [http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/ ODC-BY], both of which are intended to [http://opendatacommons.org/faq/licenses/#db-versus-contents impose contractual conditions and restrictions] on the reuse of databases in jurisdictions where there is no underlying copyright or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Can_I_apply_a_Creative_Commons_license_to_data_or_a_database.3F sui generis database right].

All CC licenses are non-exclusive -- creators and owners can enter into additional, different licensing arrangements for the same work at any time, a practice known as dual-licensing. Note, however, that once granted, CC licenses are not revocable in the absence of a breach, and even then the license is terminated only as to the particular licensee.

There are [http://creativecommons.org/videos/ videos and comics] that offer visual descriptions of how CC licenses work.

====Which is the latest version of the licenses offered by Creative Commons?====

In 2007, Creative Commons published the version 3.0 license suite. These licenses are the most up-to-date licenses offered by CC, and are recommended over all prior versions. You can see how the licenses have been improved over time on the [[License versions|license versions page]]. The process of porting the 3.0 international licenses to individual jurisdictions started in 2007. As of 2011, CC is no longer approving new porting projects while preparations are made for beginning version 4.0.

If CC offers only a pre-version 3.0 ported license for your jurisdiction, or has never offered a ported license for your jurisdiction, consider using a 3.0 international (unported) license, all of which are intended to operate around the world.

====Why should I use the latest version (currently 3.0) of the Creative Commons licenses?====

You should always use the latest version of the Creative Commons licenses in order to take advantage of the improvements described on the [[License versions|license versions page]]. In addition, version 3.0 ShareAlike licenses are not backwards compatible, so users cannot license a work that incorporates or remixes a work offered under a BY-SA 3.0 license (like Wikipedia articles) under an earlier version of BY-SA.



====Do Creative Commons licenses affect exceptions and limitations to copyright, such as fair dealing and fair use?====

No. All of CC's licenses include language that accounts for exceptions and limitations, similar to the following: “Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.”

The laws of all jurisdictions allow at least some uses of copyrighted material without permission of the creator, and may include uses such as quotation, current-affairs reporting, or parody in some jurisdictions. These exceptions vary depending on the jurisdiction. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use Fair use] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_dealing fair dealing] are two exceptions to copyright that may be relevant to your use of a CC licensed work depending on your jurisdiction.

====What does "Some Rights Reserved" mean?====

Copyright grants to creators a bundle of exclusive rights over their creative works, which generally include the right to reproduce, distribute, display, make adaptations, perform, sell and so on. The phrase “All Rights Reserved” is often used by owners to indicate that they reserve all of the rights granted to them under the law. When copyright expires, the work enters the [[#What_is_the_public_domain.3F | public domain]], and the rightsholder can no longer stop others from engaging in those activities under copyright, with the exception of moral rights reserved to creators in some jurisdictions. Creative Commons licenses offer creators a spectrum of choices between retaining all rights and relinquishing all rights (public domain), an approach we call "Some Rights Reserved."

====Are Creative Commons licenses enforceable in a court of law?====

Creative Commons licenses are drafted to be enforceable around the world, and have been [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Law enforced in court] in various jurisdictions. To CC's knowledge, the licenses have never been held unenforceable or invalid.

Please note that CC licenses contain a “severability” clause. This allows a court to eliminate any provision determined to be unenforceable, and enforce the remaining provisions of the license in question.

====What happens if someone applies a Creative Commons license to my work without my knowledge or authorization?====

CC [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Before_Licensing alerts prospective licensors] they need to have all necessary rights before applying a CC license to a work. If that is not the case and someone has marked your work with a CC license without your authorization, you should contact that person and tell them to remove the license from your work. You may also wish to contact a lawyer. Creative Commons is not a law firm and cannot represent you or give you legal advice, but there are [[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | lawyers who have identified themselves as interested in representing people in CC-related matters]].

====Which Creative Commons ShareAlike license versions are compatible with each other?====

Version 1.0 of the CC licenses containing the ShareAlike provision are not compatible with later versions of the ShareAlike licenses. If you wish to make an adaptation of a work licensed under BY-SA 1.0, for example, then the resulting adaptation must also be licensed under BY-SA 1.0.

All of the ShareAlike licenses starting from version 2.0 are compatible with future versions of the ShareAlike licenses. If you want to make an adaptation using a photograph that is licensed under a BY-SA 2.0 license, you can apply BY-SA 3.0 to the adaptation. The licenses are not backward compatible, however. You cannot create an adaptation of a work licensed under BY-SA 3.0 and license the derivative under BY-SA 2.0.

[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_versions Visit the license versions page] to compare the versions of the licenses on this point and others.



====What are the international (“unported”) Creative Commons licenses, and why does CC offer “ported” licenses?====

One of Creative Commons’ goals is ensuring that all of its legal tools work globally. To this end, CC offers a core suite of six international copyright licenses (formerly called the "unported") that are drafted based on various [http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/treaties.htm international treaties governing copyright]. CC offers these international licenses so that anyone, anywhere in the world can share their work on globally standard terms.

Creative Commons also offers ported versions of its six, core licenses for many jurisdictions (usually jurisdiction = country, but not always). These ported licenses are based on the international license suite but have been modified to reflect any local nuances in the expression of legal terms and conditions, drafting protocols and, of course, language. The ported licenses and the international licenses are all intended to be legally effective everywhere. However, if the ported licenses in your jurisdiction have not yet been versioned to 3.0 (launched in 2007), CC recommends that you consider using the equivalent international license instead and take advantage of the improvements in the 3.0 suite explained on the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_versions license versions page].

There are [[#Should_I_choose_an_international_license_or_a_ported_license.3F | considerations you may wish to take into account]] before choosing an international or a ported license.

====What if CC licenses have not been ported to my jurisdiction (country)?====

All CC licenses are intended to work worldwide. If the licenses have not yet been ported to your jursidiction, or if your jurisdiction's ported licenses have not yet been versioned to 3.0, we suggest you consider using one of the international licenses.

Please note that as of 2011 CC no longer approves new license porting projects -- though we very much continue to encourage new jurisdiction projects! We are dedicating resources to preparing for version 4.0. Porting is a demanding process that requires a lot of resources and time by both CC and the porting team, and we need those resources and time for the 4.0 process.



====What do the Creative Commons buttons do?====

The CC buttons are a shorthand way to convey the basic permissions associated with works offered under CC licenses. Creators and owners who apply CC licenses to their works can [http://creativecommons.org/about/downloads download and apply those buttons] to communicate to users the permissions granted in advance. When the work is offered online, the buttons should usually link out to the human-readable license deeds (that are in turn linked to the license itself).

====Can I include a work licensed with CC BY in a Wikipedia article even though they use a CC BY-SA license?====

Yes. Works licensed under CC BY may be incorporated into works that are licensed under CC BY-SA. For example, you may incorporate a CC BY photograph into a Wikipedia article so long as you keep all copyright notices intact, provide proper attribution and otherwise comply with the terms of CC BY. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Learn more] about the licenses.




====Can anyone use a CC license? What about governments and intergovernmental organizations ("IGOs")?====

Anyone may use CC licenses for works they own, including governments and IGOs, and are [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government frequently used to license copyrightable works]. The reasons for doing so vary, and often include a desire to maximize the impact and utility of works for educational and informational purposes, and to enhance transparency.

Creative Commons licenses have [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ desirable features] that make them the preferred choice over custom licenses. CC licenses are standard and interoperable, which means works published by different authors using the same type of CC license can be translated, modified, compiled and/or remixed depending on the [[#Can_I_combine_works_that_use_different_Creative_Commons_licenses_into_my_work? | particular license applied]]. Creative Commons licenses are also machine-readable, allowing CC-licensed works to be easily discovered via search engines such as Google. These features maximize distribution, reuse and impact of works published by governments and IGOs.

Read more about how [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government governments] and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/IGO IGOs] use and can leverage CC licenses and legal tools, considerations for using our licenses and how they operate in the IGO-context.

==For Licensors==

====What things should I think about before I apply a Creative Commons license to my work?====

Applying a Creative Commons license to your work is a serious decision. When you apply a CC license to your work, you give permission to anyone to use the work for the full duration of applicable copyright, absent a violation of the license.

CC [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Before_Licensing has identified some things that you should consider before you apply a CC license to your work], some of which relate to your ability to apply a license at all. Here are some highlights:

*Is the work copyrightable? CC licenses do not apply to ideas, facts, or content that is otherwise not copyrightable. Different countries have different standards for what is and is not copyrightable or in the public domain.
*Do you own the work? Are you otherwise authorized to license the work under the specific CC license you are interested in using? You should not apply a license to a work that you do not own or that you are not authorized to license.
*Are you aware that CC licenses are not revocable? You are free to stop offering the work under a CC license at any time, but this will not affect the rights associated with any copies of your work already in circulation absent a breach by a particular licensee (which does not affect continual use of the work by other licensees).
*Are you a member of a [[#What_are_collecting_societies.3F | collecting society]]? If you are, you should [[#Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_if_I_am_a_member_of_a_collecting_society.3F | make sure that you are able to use CC licenses for your works]].
*Always read the terms and conditions of the specific license you plan to apply to your work. Some of the ported licenses contain specific provisions that may impact your choice, such as a choice of law provision. You may also want to access the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Jurisdiction_Database jurisdiction database] to search for licenses that contain choice of law and/or other terms and conditions that you may find relevant to your license selection.


====How should I decide which license to choose?====

There are plenty of resources to help rightsholders choose the right CC license. CC Australia has developed a [http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/fact-sheets/which-creative-commons-licence-is-right-for-me-poster flow chart] that may be useful in helping you settle on the right license for your work.

If you are unsure which license best suits your needs, Creative Commons offers several other tools that may help. Our case studies offer great examples of how CC licenses have been applied to [http://creativecommons.org/text/ text], [http://creativecommons.org/audio/ audio], [http://creativecommons.org/image/ images],
[http://creativecommons.org/video/ video] and [http://creativecommons.org/education/ educational works]. The CC community can also respond to any questions, and may have already addressed issues you raise. The CC community [http://creativecommons.org/discuss email discussion lists] and discussion archives may be useful resources.

Finally, you may also want to [[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | consult with a lawyer to obtain advice on the best license for your needs]].

====Should I choose an international license or a ported license?====

That depends. There are several reasons why the [[#What_are_the_international_.28.E2.80.9Cunported.E2.80.9D.29_Creative_Commons_licenses.2C_and_why_does_CC_offer_.E2.80.9Cported.E2.80.9D_licenses.3F | international licenses]] may be preferable for a rightsholder, even if the licenses have been ported to his or her jurisdiction. For example, CC licenses all of its own content under an international license because, among other reasons, the international licenses are essentially jurisdiction-neutral while remaining effective globally. The neutral nature of the international licenses appeals to many people and organizations, particularly for use in connection with global projects that transcend political borders, a common characteristic of digital culture today.

In addition, the ported licenses for some jurisdictions have not yet been versioned to 3.0, which means licensors using those licenses do not have the benefit of the improvements [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_versions made in the 3.0 license suite]. Moreover, the 3.0 ShareAlike licenses are not backwards compatible, so a user cannot create adaptations of works offered under 3.0 ShareAlike licenses (like Wikipedia pages) and offer the new works under earlier license versions. Finally, it is important to know that some of the ported licenses contain a choice of law provision, which may be undesirable for your licensing needs.

Notwithstanding these benefits, some rightsholders still choose a license ported to their local jurisdiction because there are nuances in local law that are not explicitly addressed by the international licenses. For example, in the European Union, some licensors prefer to use ported licenses because all version 3.0 EU licenses account for the European Database Directive as implemented in national laws. The international licenses do not. If the licenses have been ported to your jurisdiction and you feel that your jurisdiction's ported licenses better account for some aspect of local legislation, then you may want to consider a ported license.

[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Jurisdiction_Database Use our jurisdiction database] to compare international licenses and ports on these issues and others, such as whether a ported license contains a choice of law or forum selection clause.

====What if I change my mind?====

CC licenses are not revocable. Once a work is published under a CC license, licensees may continue using the work according to the license terms for the duration of copyright protection. Notwithstanding, CC licenses do not prohibit licensors from ceasing distribution of their works at any time. Additionally, CC licenses provide a [http://wiki-staging.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_can_I_do_if_I_offer_my_work_under_a_Creative_Commons_license_and_I_do_not_like_the_way_someone_uses_my_work.3F mechanism] for licensors and authors to ask that others using their work remove the credit to them that is otherwise required by the license. You should [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Before_Licensing think carefully before choosing a Creative Commons license].



====Can I use a Creative Commons license if I am a member of a collecting society?====

Creators and other rightsholders may wish to check with their [[#What_are_collecting_societies.3F | collecting society]] before applying a CC license to their work. Many rightsholders who are members of a collecting society can waive the right to collect royalties for uses allowed under the license, but only to the extent that their societies allow.

Collecting societies in Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Taiwan and The Netherlands take an assignment of rights (in France it is called a “mandate” of rights but has similar practical effect) from creators in present and future works and manage them, so that the societies effectively become the owner of these rights. Creators in these jurisdictions who belong to collecting societies may not be able to license their works under a CC license because the collecting societies own the necessary rights, not them. CC is [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Collecting_Society_Projects working with several collecting societies] and running pilot programs that allow creators to use CC licenses for their works in some circumstances.

If you are already a member of a collecting society and want to use CC licenses, feel free to encourage your collecting society to give you the option of Creative Commons licensing.



====Can I still make money from a work I make available under a Creative Commons license?====

Absolutely. One of our goals is to encourage creators and rightsholders to experiment with new ways to promote and market their work. CC's NonCommercial (NC) licenses allow rightsholders to maximize distribution while maintaining control of the commercialization of their copyrighted works. Choose a license with the NC condition if you want to reserve the right to commercialize your work. The NC license condition '''only''' applies to users, '''not''' the owner of the work. As the rightsholder, you may still commercially exploit your work. If someone else wants to use your work commercially and you have applied an NC license to your work, they must first get your permission.

====How do Creative Commons licenses affect my moral rights, if at all?====

The international licenses provide that licensees “must not distort, mutilate, modify or take other derogatory action in relation to the Work which would be prejudicial to the Original Author's honor or reputation.” This prohibits licensees from making uses that would otherwise violate authors’ moral rights of integrity where that right exists. The attribution requirement contained in all of our licenses is intended to satisfy the moral right of attribution.

The ported versions of the licenses often contain an adjusted version of this language, in part to account for moral rights legislation in a particular jurisdiction. As a general matter, all CC licenses preserve moral rights to the extent they exist (they do not exist everywhere), but allow uses of the work in ways contemplated by the license that might otherwise violate moral rights through a limited waiver or license of the moral rights where that is possible. If you are applying a ported license to your work, you may wish to review the moral rights language in the particular license.
[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Jurisdiction_Database You can also compare how different jurisdictions have implemented this provision], or
[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_versions browse the license versions page] to compare the treatment of this issue across the different versions of the CC licenses.




====Can I change the license terms or conditions?====

CC does not assert copyright in the texts of its licenses, so you may modify the license text as you wish. Be aware that if you change the text of any Creative Commons license, however, you must no longer call, label or describe the license a “Creative Commons” or “CC” license. Nor can you use the [http://creativecommons.org/policies Creative Commons logos, buttons or other trademarks] in connection with the modified license or your work.

We advise against modifying our licenses or the terms that apply to reuse, whether by altering the text itself or indirectly through other means, such as in your terms of service. A modified license very likely will not be compatible with the same CC license (unmodified) applied to other works. This would prevent licensees from using, combining or remixing content under your customized license with content under the same or compatible CC licenses.

Worse, [[Modifying_the_CC_licenses | doing so creates friction]] that confuses users and undermines the key benefits of public, standardized licenses. Central to our licenses is the grant of a standard set of permissions in advance, without requiring users to ask for permission or seek clarification before using the work. This encourages sharing and facilitates reuse, since everyone knows what to expect and the burden of negotiating permissions on a case by case basis is eliminated.

Keep in mind that altering terms is distinct from [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#Can_I_waive_license_terms_or_conditions.3F|waiving existing conditions or granting additional permissions]] than those in the licenses. Licensors may always do so, and many choose to do so using the [[CCPlus | CC+ protocol]] to readily signal that waiver or additional permissions on the CC license deed.

====Can I waive license terms or conditions?====

Yes. You may choose to waive some license terms or conditions. Works licensed using CC but with additional permissions granted or conditions waived may be compatibly licensed with other works under the same license. The 3.0 licenses specifically permit this, and our [[CCPlus | CC+ protocol]] provides a mechanism for facilitating that grant.

====Can I enter into separate or supplemental agreements or understandings with users of my work?====

Yes. CC licenses are nonexclusive. Licensors always have the option of entering into different, separate arrangements for the sharing of their works in addition to applying a CC license. However, those different arrangements are not “CC” or “Creative Commons” licenses. Problems arise when licensors design those terms or arrangements to serve not as separate, alternative licensing arrangements but as supplemental terms having the effect of changing the standard terms within the CC license. Except in the limited situation where more permissions are being granted, if the additional arrangement modifies or conflicts with the CC license terms then the resulting licensing arrangement is no longer a CC licensing arrangement. In those instances, to avoid confusion by those who may mistakenly believe the work is licensed under standard CC terms, we must insist licensors not use our [http://creativecommons.org/policies trademarks, names and logos] in connection with their custom licensing arrangement.



====What happens if I offer my work under a Creative Commons license and someone misuses my work?====

A CC license terminates automatically upon a violation of its conditions. For example, if a user of a work distributed under a Creative Commons license fails to attribute the creator as required, then the user no longer has the right to continue using the work and may be liable for copyright infringement. The license terminates with respect to the user who violated the license, but it remains in effect for all other users so long as they are in compliance.

If you adopt a Creative Commons license and a user violates the license conditions, you have options for addressing the situation, from contacting the person and asking them to rectify the situation to [[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | consulting a lawyer]] to act on your behalf.



====What can I do if I offer my work under a Creative Commons license and I do not like the way someone uses my work?====

Creative Commons licenses do not allow licensors to control how their works can be used except as limited by the license terms they select (i.e., NonCommercial, NoDerivatives, and ShareAlike (if modifications are allowed)). As long as users abide by the selected license conditions, licensors cannot control how the work is used.

That said, CC licenses do provide several mechanisms that allow licensors and authors to choose not to be associated with their works or uses with which they disagree. First, all CC licenses prohibit using the attribution requirement to suggest that the original author or licensor endorses or supports a particular use of a work. This "No Endorsement" provision protects reputation, and its violation constitutes a violation of the license and results in automatic termination. Second, licensors may waive the attribution requirement -- choose not to be identified as the author or licensor of the work -- if they wish. Third, if a work is modified or incorporated into a collection, and the original author or licensor does not like the how the work has been modified or used in the collection, CC licenses require that the person modifying the work or incorporating the work into a collection remove reference to the original author or licensor upon notice. Finally, if the selected CC license permits modifications and adaptations of the original work, then the person modifying the work must indicate that the original has been modified. This ensures that changes made to the original work -- whether or not acceptable to the original author or licensor -- are not attributed back to the licensor.



====What do I do if someone tries to restrict my work with digital rights management (DRM)?====

The use of [[#Is_Creative_Commons_involved_in_digital_rights_management_.28DRM.29.3F | DRM tools or any technical protection measures]] by licensees to prevent others from exercising the rights granted by the license is prohibited. All of CC's licenses prohibit users from "impos(ing) any effective technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License."

Not all encryption or access limitations are necessarily prohibited by the licenses. For example, content sent via email and encrypted with the recipient's public key does not restrict use of the work by the recipient. Likewise, limiting recipients to a set of users (e.g., with a username and password) does not restrict use of the work by the recipients. These examples are not incompatible with the prohibition on DRM because the recipient is not prevented from exercising all rights granted by the license (including rights of further redistribution).

If you become aware of someone using technical protection measures with your CC-licensed work, you may wish to contact them directly to obtain compliance or hire a lawyer to represent you.







====Do I need to register with Creative Commons before I obtain a license?====

No. CC offers the licenses, code and tools to the public free of charge, without obligation. CC does not require or provide any means for creators or rightsholders to register their use of a CC license, nor does CC maintain a database of works distributed under Creative Commons licenses. CC also does not require registration of the work with a national copyright agency.




====How do I apply a Creative Commons license to my work?====

'''For online works''': Select the license that is appropriate for your work [http://creativecommons.org/choose/ from the CC license chooser] and then follow the instructions to include the html code in your work. The code will automatically generate a [http://wiki-staging.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_do_the_Creative_Commons_buttons_do.3F license button] and a statement that your work is licensed under a CC license. The html code will also include metadata, which allows the work to be discovered via [http://search.creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons-enabled search engines].

'''For offline works''': Identify which license you wish to apply to your work and either (a) mark your work with a statement such as, “This work is licensed under the Creative Commons [insert description] License. To view a copy of the license, visit [insert url]; or (b) insert the applicable license buttons with the same statement and URL link.

To clarify, the only difference between applying a CC license to an offline rather than an online work is that the offline work will not include metadata, so users will be unable to find it through the CC-enabled search engines.

CC offers resources on the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Creators best practices for marking works] and on [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/6/61/Creativecommons-licensing-and-marking-your-content_eng.pdf how to mark works on different media].

====Why should I use the license chooser? What if I don’t?====

Licensors are not required to use the [http://creativecommons.org/choose/ CC license chooser] or provide any information about themselves or their works when applying a CC license to their works. Doing so, however, allows licensors to take advantage of the "machine readable" layer of CC licenses. Our [http://creativecommons.org/licenses// machine readable] code enhances the discoverability of your work because that code allows software, search engines and other technologies to recognize when a work is licensed under a CC license. The code also facilitates attribution -- users of your work can click on the CC badge placed on your site and link directly to html code that they can cut and paste to provide attribution.




====May I apply a Creative Commons license to a work in the public domain?====

That depends. CC licenses should not be applied to works in the worldwide [[#What_is_the_public_domain.3F | public domain]]. All CC license deeds state unambiguously: "Public Domain -- where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license."

In some cases, a work may be in the public domain under the copyright laws of some jurisdictions but not others. For example, U.S. government works are in the public domain under the copyright law of the United States, but may be protected by copyright laws in other jurisdictions. A CC license applied to such a work would be effective (and the license restrictions enforceable) in jurisdictions where copyright protection exists, but would not be operative if U.S. copyright law is determined to be the applicable law.

A creator may also apply a Creative Commons license to an adaptation of a public domain work as long as he or she holds the copyright to the adaptation. The owner of copyright in a collection of works can apply a Creative Commons license to the collection even if it contains a work from the public domain. And publishers of databases and other works that are protected by copyright (or, in the case of databases, sui generis database rights) may use a CC license even if parts of the work or content in the database is in the public domain. However, in each of these instances, the license does not affect parts of the work that are unrestricted by copyright.

If you want to dedicate your work to the public domain before the expiration of copyright or sui generis database rights, use CC's legally robust [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 public domain dedication]. If you want to mark a work that is already in the worldwide public domain, use CC's [http://creativecommons.org/about/pdm Public Domain Mark].



====If I take a photograph of another work that is out of copyright and in the public domain, can I apply a CC license to my photo? ====

That depends. You can apply a CC license to your photograph if your photograph constitutes a work of original authorship, a question that varies by jurisdiction. As a general matter, your photograph must involve some creative choices, such as background setting, lighting, angle or other mark of creativity. In the United States, an exact photographic copy of a public domain work is not subject to copyright because there is no originality (even if there is effort or “sweat” exerted in its creation).

In practice, if your photograph is sufficiently creative to attract copyright protection, people will likely have to comply with the license conditions if they reproduce your entire photograph in verbatim form, absent some applicable exception or limitation. However, they would not have to comply with the license conditions if they reproduce only those parts of the work in the public domain. This is because your copyright in the adaptation only extends to the material you contributed, not to the underlying work.





====Can I insist on the exact placement of the attribution credit?====

No. CC licenses allow for flexibility in the way credit is provided depending on the means used by a licensee to re-distribute the work. There may be differences based on the format in which the content is re-used. For example, providing attribution to the author when re-distributing information via a blog post may be different than how credit is provided to an author in a video remix. All CC licenses provide that attribution is to be provided in a manner “reasonable to the medium or means” used by the licensee, and for credit to be provided in a “reasonable manner.” This flexibility facilitates compliance by licensees – minimizing the risk that overly onerous and inflexible attribution requirements are simply disregarded.



====Can I apply a Creative Commons license to software?====

We do not recommend it. Creative Commons licenses should not be used for software. We strongly encourage you to use one of the very good software licenses which are already available. We recommend considering licenses made available by the [http://www.fsf.org/ Free Software Foundation] or listed at the [http://www.opensource.org/ Open Source Initiative]. Unlike our licenses, which do not make mention of source or object code, these existing licenses were designed specifically for use with software. Furthermore, our licenses are [http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/gpl-compatible.html not compatible with the GPL], the most frequently used free software license.

Note that the CC0 Public Domain Dedication '''is''' GPL-compatible and acceptable for software. For details, [[CC0_FAQ#May_I_apply_CC0_to_computer_software.3F_If_so.2C_is_there_a_recommended_implementation.3F|see the relevant CC0 FAQ entry]].

====Can I apply a Creative Commons license to data or a database?====

Yes, CC licenses can be used on anything that is restricted by copyright, including data and databases that are under copyright.

Note that in the version 3.0 ported licenses developed for jurisdictions where sui generis database rights exist, the license conditions are waived for uses that implicate only sui generis rights (as opposed to copyright), provided the licensee is otherwise in compliance with the license. For all of our 3.0 licenses (international or ported), the result is the same: if a particular use of a database implicates sui generis database rights (rights that exist independent of copyright law in the European Union and a few other countries and restrict the extraction of a substantial amount of data from databases) but not copyright law, the license conditions are not triggered by that particular use. Users in those situations do not need to provide attribution or comply with other relevant conditions such as NonCommercial, ShareAlike, or NoDerivatives where those apply. Many [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Data_and_CC_licenses governments and others use CC licenses] for data and databases.

For more detailed information about how CC licenses apply to data and databases, visit our detailed [[Data|frequently asked questions about data.]]

Creative Commons is reconsidering how sui generis database rights (and other similarly-situated rights) will be treated in version 4.0. Watch [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Version_4 this page] to stay updated on the 4.0 conversation.

====Could I use a CC license to share my logo or trademark?====

Creative Commons does not recommend using a CC license on a logo or trademark. While a logo or trademark can be covered by copyright laws in addition to trademark laws, the special purposes of trademarks make CC licenses an unsuitable mechanism for sharing them in most cases. Generally, logos and trademarks are used to identify the origin of a product (or similar), or to indicate that it meets a specific standard or quality. Allowing anyone to reuse or modify your logo or trademark as a matter of copyright could result in your inability to limit use of your logo or trademark selectively to accomplish those purposes. Applying a CC license to your trademarks and logos could result in a loss of your trademark rights altogether.

There are other ways to share your logos and trademarks widely while preserving your trademark rights. Establishing a trademark policy that grants permissions in advance for limited uses is one common alternative. [http://www.mozilla.org/foundation/trademarks/policy.html Mozilla], [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Trademark_policy Wikimedia] and [http://creativecommons.org/policies Creative Commons] have each published policies that accomplish the dual objectives of encouraging reuse and preserving trademark rights.

====Can I place a trademark on a work and offer the work under a CC license without also licensing or otherwise affecting rights in the trademark? If so, how?====

Yes, you may offer a work for use under a Creative Commons license that includes a trademark indicating the source of the work without affecting rights in the trademark. However, applying a CC license to such a work may create an implied license to use the trademark or otherwise suggest to licensees that use is permissible. Creative Commons recommends that licensors who wish to mark works with trademarks or other branding materials give notice to licensors expressly disclaiming application of the license to those elements of the work. This can be done in the copyright notice, but could also be noted on the website where the work is published.

The following is an example notice:

“''The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). . . . Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines.''”

==For Licensees==


====What should I think about before using a work offered under a Creative Commons license?====

CC offers six core licenses, each of which grants different sets of permissions. Before you use a CC-licensed work, [http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/ you should review the terms of the particular license] to be sure your anticipated use is permitted. If you wish to use the work in a manner that is not permitted by the license, you should contact the rightsholder (often the creator) to get permission first, or look for an alternative work that is licensed in a way that permits your anticipated use. Note that if you use a work in way that is not permitted by the applicable license and your use is not otherwise permitted by an applicable copyright exception or limitation, the license is automatically terminated and you may be liable for copyright infringement.

Before using a work offered under a Creative Commons license, you should know that [http://wiki-staging.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Does_a_Creative_Commons_license_give_me_all_the_rights_I_need_to_use_the_work.3F CC licenses only grant permissions needed under copyright law], there may be additional rights you need to use the work as intended. You should also understand that licensors do not offer warranties or guarantees about the work they are licensing. All works are licensed "AS IS" and a disclaimer of warranties applies. If you want to ask for a warranty or guarantee about rights to use the work, you should talk with the licensor before using it.



====Are all the licenses at the same version level identical? What should I know about differences between the international licenses and the ported licenses?====

As a licensee, you should always read and understand the relevant license legal code before using a CC-licensed work, particularly if you are using a work that is licensed using a ported license with which you are unfamiliar. Our porting process involves adapting the international licenses to the legal framework of different jurisdictions, and in that process slight adjustments may have been made that you should make yourself aware of in advance of using the work.

For example, a handful of the 3.0 ported licenses (as well as of the pre-3.0 ported licenses) contain provisions specifying which laws will apply in the event the licensor chooses to enforce the license, and one 3.0 ported license suite (the Hong Kong license suite) and a few of the ported pre-3.0 ported licenses contain forum selection clauses.

Before using a work licensed under a ported license, you are encouraged to review the legal code carefully to identify unique provisions they may contain.


====Does a Creative Commons license give me all the rights I need to use the work?====

It depends. All CC licenses contain a disclaimer of warranties, meaning that the licensor is not guaranteeing anything about the work, including whether she owns the copyright, has received permission to include third-party works within her work, or secured other rights such as through the use of model releases if a person's image is used in the work.

CC licenses do not directly affect rights other than copyright, such as the trademark or patent rights or the [[#What_are_publicity_and_privacy_rights.3F | publicity and privacy rights]] of third parties; however, our licenses do not expressly reserve those rights and as between licensor and the public implied licenses may exist.

These and other rights may require clearance (i.e., permission) in order to use the work as you would like. Additionally, creative works sometimes incorporate other peoples' works (known as "third party content"). You may want to be sure that permission was obtained to use any third party content contained in the CC licensed work you want to use.

You [[#Can_Creative_Commons_give_legal_advice_about_its_licenses_or_help_with_CC_license_enforcement.3F | may wish to obtain legal advice]] before using a CC licensed work if you are not sure whether you have all the rights you need.



====How do I properly attribute a work offered under a Creative Commons license?====

All CC licenses require users to attribute the original creator(s) of a work, unless the creator has waived that requirement or asked that her name be removed from an adaptation or collection. CC licenses have a sophisticated and flexible attribution requirement, so there is not necessarily one correct way to provide attribution. The proper method for giving credit will depend on the medium and means you are using, and may be implemented in any reasonable manner, although in the case of an adaptation or collection the credit needs to be as prominent as credits for other contributors. The CC website offers some [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Users best practices] to help you attribute works, and the [http://www.creativecommons.org.au/ CC Australia] team has developed a [http://creativecommons.org.au/content/attributingccmaterials.pdf helpful guide to attributing works] in different formats.

====Do I need to be aware of anything else when providing attribution or credit?====

Yes, you need to be careful not to imply any sponsorship, endorsement or connection with an author or attribution party without their permission. Wrongfully implying that an author, publisher or anyone else endorses you or your use of a work may be unlawful. Creative Commons makes the obligation not to imply endorsement explicit in all of the licenses. In addition, if the licensor of a work that you incorporate in an adaptation or collection so requests, you must remove the identifying credit.

Additionally, if you are using a work that is an adaptation of one or more pre-existing works, you may need to give credit to the author(s) of the pre-existing work(s) in addition to giving credit to the author of the adaptation. Those who create adaptations are required to "clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original." You can often find this information as well as the URI for the underlying original work(s) where attribution is specified in the copyright notice accompanying the adaptation.


====What happens if I want to use the work in a way that is not permitted by the license?====

Contact the rightsholder to ask for their permission. Otherwise, unless a exception or limitation to copyright exists, your use of the work may violate the Creative Commons license, your rights to use the work will be automatically terminated, and you may be liable for copyright infringement.




====Does my use violate the NonCommercial clause of the licenses?====

CC's NonCommercial (NC) licenses prohibit uses that are "primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation." Whether a use is commercial will depend on the specifics of the situation and the intentions of the user. In CC's experience, whether a use is permitted is usually pretty clear, and known conflicts are relatively few considering the popularity of the NC licenses. However, there will always be uses that are challenging to categorize as commercial or noncommercial. CC cannot advise you on what is and is not commercial use. If you are unsure, you should either contact the creator or rightsholder for clarification, or search for works that permit commercial uses. Please note that CC's definition does not turn on the type of user: if you are a non profit or charitable organization, your use of an NC-licensed work could run afoul of the NC restriction; and if you are a for-profit entity, your use of an NC-licensed work does not necessarily mean you have violated the term.

[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Defining_Noncommercial Creative Commons published results from a survey on meanings of commercial and noncommercial use generally]. Note that the results of the study are not intended to serve as CC's official interpretation of what is and is not commercial use under our licenses, and the results should not be relied upon as such.

====Does my use constitute an adaptation?====

CC licenses define the term “Adaptation” as a “work based on the [original] Work.” Pre-v3.0 license suites used the term "Derivative Work" in the international (unported) licenses. In CC licenses, the term is tied to the corresponding definition under applicable copyright law. Copyright law reserves to an original creator the right to create adaptations of her original work. CC licenses that allow for adaptations grant permission to others to create adaptations when doing so would otherwise constitute a violation of applicable copyright law.

Whether a modification is considered an [[#What_is_an_adaptation.3F | adaptation]] for the purpose of CC licenses depends on the applicable law. Generally, a modification rises to the level of an adaptation when the modified work is based on the prior work but manifests sufficient new creativity to be copyrightable, such as a translation of a novel from one language to another, or the creation of a screenplay based on a novel. Under CC licenses, syncing music in timed-relation with a moving image is always considered an adaptation.

Note that all CC licenses allow the user to exercise the rights permitted under the license in any format or media. Those changes are not considered adaptations even if applicable law might suggest otherwise. For example, if you are using a work that uses the CC [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ BY-NC-ND] license, you may copy a digital file to a print file as long as you do so in compliance with the other terms of the license.




====Can I combine works that use different Creative Commons licenses into my work?====

It depends. You may only remix works released under different CC licenses if the terms of the licenses involved permit it. The NoDerivatives licenses do not permit remixing at all. All the other CC licenses allow remixes, but may impose conditions on how the remix may be used. For example, if you create a remix with a work licensed under a ShareAlike license, you need to make sure that the remix is licensed under the same license conditions. Likewise, if you want to use the remixed work for commercial purposes, you cannot incoporate a work released under one of the NonCommercial licenses. Review the charts below for more details on whether and how differently licensed works can be combined and licensed.



====If I derive or adapt a work offered under a Creative Commons license, which CC license(s) can I apply to the resulting work?====

The chart below details the CC license(s) you may apply to the resulting work. Please note that this chart is not a substitute for legal advice and should not be relied upon as legal advice.

The green boxes indicate where compatibility exists between licenses. When modifying a work licensed under the license identified in the lefthand column, you may license the adaptation under one of the licenses indicated on the top row if the corresponding box is green. White boxes indicate those licenses that you should not use for the adapted work. In the absence of an applicable copyright exception or limitation, you cannot [http://wiki-staging.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_is_an_adaptation.3F adapt] works that contain the No Derivatives [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ license element].

{| style="width:600px;" border="1" cellpadding="10" class="wiki_table"
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''Compatibility chart'''
| colspan="7" align="center" | Terms that may be used for a derivative work or adaptation
|-
| BY || BY-NC || BY-NC-ND || BY-NC-SA || BY-ND || BY-SA || PD
|-
| rowspan="7" style="width:12ex;" | Status of original work
| PD || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   ||  
|-
| BY-NC ||   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |   ||   ||   ||  
|-
| BY-NC-ND ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||  
|-
| BY-NC-SA ||   ||   ||   || style="background-color:green;" |   ||   ||   ||  
|-
| BY-ND ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||  
|-
| BY-SA ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || style="background-color:green;" |   ||  
|-
|}
{| style="width:600px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
| Abbreviation Key
*BY = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Attribution only]
*BY-ND = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ Attribution-NoDerivatives]
*BY-NC-ND = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives]
*BY-NC = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial]
*BY-NC-SA = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike]
*BY-SA = [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Attribution-ShareAlike]
*PD = Dedicated to or marked as being in the public domain via one of our [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain public domain tools], or other public domain work; adaptations of works in the public domain may be built upon and licensed by the creator under any license terms desired
|-
|}
'''Note:''' [[#Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_fair_use.2C_fair_dealing.2C_or_other_exceptions_to_copyright.3F | CC licenses do not change, alter, or modify exceptions and limitations to copyright, including fair dealing or fair use rights]].



====If I create a collective work that includes a work offered under a CC license, which license(s) may I choose for the collection?====

All Creative Commons licenses allow the original work to be included in collections such as anthologies, encyclopedias and broadcasts. However, you still must adhere to the license conditions governing your use of the original work. For example, material under any of the Creative Commons NonCommercial licenses cannot be included in a collection that is licensed to permit commercial use. The table below indicates how you may license collections incorporating CC-licensed works.

Note that when you include a Creative Commons licensed work in a collection, you cannot change the license applicable to the original work itself.

{| style="width:400px;" border="1" cellpadding="10" class="wiki_table"
|-
| Original Work ||Commercial Collection || NonCommercial Collection
|-
| PD || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY-NC ||   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY-NC-ND ||   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY-NC-SA ||   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY-ND || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
| BY-SA || style="background-color:green;" |   || style="background-color:green;" |  
|-
|}

====Where can I find material offered under a CC license?====

If you are looking for materials offered under a Creative Commons license, [http://search.creativecommons.org/ CC Search] is a good starting point. CC also maintains a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Directories directory] of organizations and individuals who use CC licenses. Some media sites, such as [http://www.flickr.com/ Flickr], have search filters for material licensed using CC's licenses.

Please note that you should not assume that your search results only contain works available under a CC license. You should verify that the works you intend to use are governed by a CC license.

==Technical Questions==


====How do Creative Commons licenses and public domain tools work technically?====

The Creative Commons licenses have [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ three layers], as does the CC0 public domain dedication: the human-readable deed, the lawyer-readable legal code, and the machine-readable metadata. The [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] is not legally operative, and so has only two layers: the human-readable mark and machine-readable metadata.

When a work is licensed using any CC licenses or tools, it is highly recommended that a CC badge, text, or other marker somehow accompany the work. There are many possible modes for marking. For our licenses, most commonly people use the [http://creativecommons.org/choose CC license chooser] to generate HTML code that can be pasted into the webpage where the licensed work is published. CC0 and the Public Domain Mark have separate [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/ choosers]. Many platforms and web services such as [http://www.flickr.com Flickr] and [[Drupal]] support CC licensing directly, allowing you to select an appropriate license. The service then properly marks the work for you.

CC has published some best practices for [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Creators marking] your CC-licensed work, and recommends:

*Including a visual indicator (some combination of text and images) that the work is licensed with one of the CC licenses.
*Including a link to the human-readable deed (which itself contains a link to the lawyer-readable legal code).
*Embedding [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_does_it_mean_that_Creative_Commons_licenses_are_.22machine_readable.22.3F|machine-readable]] metadata in the code of the license indicator or code of the licensed page.

'''See the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Creators marking] page for more details.'''

====What does it mean that Creative Commons licenses are "machine-readable"?====

Creative Commons has [[CC REL|specified CC REL]] as a way to associate machine-readable licensing metadata with objects offered under CC licenses.

Before Creative Commons developed this vocabulary, it was difficult for a machine to ascertain whether a work was marked with a CC license. There was also no standard, predictable place to house metadata about that license (for example, the source URL of the work or the required mode of attribution).

Machine-readable metadata based on well-accepted metadata standards creates a platform upon which new services and applications can be built. Software and services can detect CC licenses and the details of that license, as described by the metadata. For example, on many websites and search engines such as Google and Flickr, you can run filtered searches for works offered under specific CC licenses. In addition, CC license deeds can automatically create copy-and-paste attribution code so users may easily comply with the BY condition of the licenses. When you click on a CC license or badge from a page with license metadata, you get copy-and-paste attribution HTML within that license deed page. That HTML is based on available RDFa metadata in the original work.

All HTML provided by the [http://creativecommons.org/choose CC license chooser] is automatically annotated with [[metadata]] in [[RDFa]] format.



====What is RDFa?====

[[RDFa]] is a method for embedding structured data in a web page. For more information about RDFa, see the following resources:

* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-rdfa-primer/ RDFa Primer]: Bridging the Human and Data Webs
* [http://rdfa.info/ RDFa.info]
* [http://rdfa.info/wiki RDFa Wiki]


====What is CC REL and why does Creative Commons recommend it?====

[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_REL Creative Commons Rights Expression Language] (CC REL) renders information about licenses and works machine-readable through standards that define the semantic web. Creative Commons wants to make it easy for creators and scientists to build upon the works of others when they choose; licensing your work for reuse and ﬁnding properly licensed works to reuse should be easy. CC recommends that you mark your licensed works with CC REL. The Creative Commons license chooser provides HTML annotated with CC REL, while the Creative Commons deeds recognize CC REL on web pages with works offered under a CC license, and use this metadata to enhance the deed for properly marked-up works, e.g., by providing copy and paste HTML that includes work attribution.

For more background information on CC REL, please refer to this [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/d/d6/Ccrel-1.0.pdf paper].

====What does it mean for a search engine to be CC-enabled?====

Some search engines (like [http://www.google.com/advanced_search?hl=en Google]) allow people to filter their search results by usage rights so that you can limit your search results according to the particular CC license you seek. For example, if you are looking for a photo to adapt, you can filter your search to return photos that have a CC license that permits creation of adaptations. You can generally find this search feature on the advanced search page of your selected search engine. You can also use [http://search.creativecommons.org CC Search], which offers a convenient interface to search and a list of those content providers that support searches for content based on usage rights.

Please note, however, that you should always double check to make sure that the work you locate through a search is licensed as you wish.




====How do I give users of my site the option to use CC licensing like Flickr does?====

Creative Commons provides tools for integrating license selection with your site. You can find an overview at the Web Integration article on the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Web_Integration CC wiki]. The [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Partner_Interface Partner Interface] is a good way to get started and will always have the most up-to-date license versions and translations. However, there is also an [http://api.creativecommons.org/docs/ API] available if you want more control.

====How can I change or remove the Creative Commons search option built into the Firefox browser?====

Mozilla has included the Creative Commons search function in many versions of Firefox along with search options for Google, Amazon and other popular sites. Please take a look at the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Firefox_and_CC_Search Firefox article on the CC wiki] for an explanation of how to change these features.

If you want to add or remove a particular search option, click on the logo in the search box (for example, the CC logo or the Google logo). This will open the pull down menu, which will allow you to select different search providers. If you choose “Manage Search Engines,” you will be able to add or remove search engines. You can also alter the order in which the search providers appear on the pull down menu.

====Is Creative Commons involved in digital rights management (DRM)?====

No. CC licenses are a form of digital rights expression, not management. CC provides tools to make it easier for creators and owners to say what rights they reserve and permissions they grant. This is different from digital rights management (or “DRM”), which uses technological protection measures to prevent people from using the work in a way that the owner has not permitted.

CC licenses contain language prohibiting licensees from the use of technological protection measures to prevent access to works: “''You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License''.”

==General Legal Information==

====What is copyright and why does it matter?====

Copyright law grants exclusive rights to creators of original works of authorship. National laws usually extend protections to such works automatically once fixed in a tangible medium, prohibiting the making of copies without the rightsholder’s permission, among other things. On the Internet, even the most basic activities involve the making of copies. As content is increasingly uploaded, downloaded and shared online, copyright law is becoming more relevant to more people than it was 20 years ago. Unfortunately, infringing copyrights - even unintentionally or unknowingly - can lead to liability. Successful navigation of the Internet requires some understanding of copyright law.

====What is the public domain?====

The public domain of copyright refers to the aggregate of those works that are not restricted by copyright within a given jurisdiction. A work may be part of the public domain because the applicable term of copyright has expired, because the rightsholder surrendered copyright in the work with a tool like CC0, or because the work did not meet the applicable standards for copyrightability.

Because the public domain depends on the copyright laws in force within a particular territory, sometimes a work may be considered “in the public domain” of one jurisdiction, but not in another. For example, [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105 U.S. government works are automatically in the public domain under U.S. copyright law], but might be restricted by copyright in other countries.

The [http://publicdomainmanifesto.org/ Public Domain Manifesto], the [http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter8/Stanford University Libraries] page, and the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs] all contain additional information about the public domain.






====What do I need to do to get a copyright?====

Copyright in most jurisdictions attaches automatically without need for any formality once a creative work is fixed in tangible form (i.e. the minute you put pen to paper, take a photo, or hit the “save” button on your computer).

In some jurisdictions, creators may be required to register with a national agency in order to enforce copyright in court. If you would like more information, please consult the [http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html Berne Convention] or [http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/ your jurisdiction's copyright law].

Although you do not have to apply a copyright notice for your work to be protected, it may be a useful tool to clearly signal to people that the work is yours. It also tells the public who to contact about the work.



====What is an adaptation?====

An adaptation, referred to in pre-3.0 licenses as a derivative work, is a work based on one or more pre-existing works. What constitutes an adaptation depends on applicable law, however translating a work from one language to another or creating a film version of a novel are generally considered adaptations.

In order for an adaptation to be protected by copyright, most national laws require the creator of the adaptation to add original expression to the pre-existing work. However, there is no international standard for originality, and the definition differs depending on the jurisdiction. Civil law jurisdictions (such as [http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/text_html.jsp?lang=EN&id=1034 Germany] and [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/cpialtext.htm France]) tend to require that the work contain an imprint of the adapter's personality. Common law jurisdictions (such as the [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#103 U.S.] or [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html Canada]), on the other hand, tend to have a lower threshold for originality, requiring only a minimal level of creativity and “independent conception.” Some countries approach originality completely differently. For example, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/text_html.jsp?lang=EN&id=514 Brazil's] copyright code protects all works of the mind that do not fall within the list of works that are expressly defined in the statue as “unprotected works.” Consult [http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/ your jurisdiction's copyright law] for more information.



====What are moral rights?====

Copyright laws in many jurisdictions around the world grant creators “moral rights” in addition to the economic or commercial right to exploit their creative works. Moral rights protect the personal and reputational value of a work for its creator. Moral rights differ by country, and can include the right of attribution, the right to have a work published anonymously or pseudonymously, and/or the right to the integrity of the work. The moral right of integrity may provide creators with a source for redress if an adaptation represents derogatory treatment of their work, typically defined as “distortion or mutilation” of the work or treatment that is “prejudicial to the honor, or reputation of the author.”

Not all jurisdictions provide for moral rights. CC offers some additional information on [[#How_do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_my_moral_rights.2C_if_at_all.3F | how CC licenses may affect your moral rights]].

====What are neighboring rights?====

Copyright provides an incentive to create works by providing exclusive rights to creators. However, the distribution or exploitation of a work often involves more than just the creator. For example, if someone writes a song, someone else may perform the song, and another may produce the recording of the song. Some jurisdictions extend copyright to the contributions made by these persons; other jurisdictions extend such exclusive rights in the form of neighboring rights. Neighboring rights may include performers' rights or broadcasters' rights. The [http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/rome/summary_rome.html Rome Convention] sets forth some guidelines on the scope of neighboring rights. Not all jurisdictions recognize neighboring rights.

====What are collecting societies?====

[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Version_3#International_Harmonization_.E2.80.94_Collecting_Societies Collecting societies] are copyright management organizations. Some examples of collecting societies include ASCAP and BMI (United States), BUMA/STEMRA (Netherlands), PRS (United Kingdom), and APRA (Australia). These societies license works on behalf of their owners and process royalty payments from parties using the copyrighted works.

CC offers additional information on [[#Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_if_I_am_a_member_of_a_collecting_society.3F | how collecting societies might affect your rights and your ability to apply CC licenses to your work]]. CC has several [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Collecting_Society_Projects pilots] underway with collecting societies that have chosen to allow their members to use CC licenses on a limited basis.


====What are publicity and privacy rights?====

In some jurisdictions, publicity rights allow individuals to control the use of their voice, image, likeness, or other identifiable aspect of their identity. Similarly, in some jurisdictions privacy rights exist that restrict others' ability to publish information about them without their permission. Whether and to what extent these rights exist varies depending on the jurisdiction.

Creative Commons licenses do not waive or otherwise affect rights of privacy or publicity to the extent they apply. If you have created a work or wish to use a work that might in some way implicate these rights, you may need to obtain permission from the individuals whose rights may be affected.

[[Category:FAQ]]

Legalcode errata

2013-01-15T21:05:00Z

Nkinkade: /* by-nd 3.0 */

Despite our best efforts, spelling errors and other errata are sometimes included in the published legal code for licenses. However, Creative Commons does not amend legal code once published so that the licenses remain static, and not a moving target. CC is [http://code.creativecommons.org/issues/issue998 planning an errata service] which will allow us to record and report the typographical errata for a license without modifying the document itself. This service is currently under development, and will launch at some time in the future (probably 2012). Until that time, this wiki page collects known errata for license legal code. If you discover a spelling error on a license, please record it here. The information on this page will be integrated in the errata service at launch time.

= Recurring bugs =

== by-sa with by-nc-sa as example compatible port ==
Found in (at least, pending further review). See section 4(b) or 4(β) in the Greece license:
* by-sa 3.0 gr
* by-sa 3.0 ph
* by-sa 2.5 ca (en and fr)
* by-sa 2.0 at
* by-sa 2.0 ca (en and fr)
* by-sa 2.0 de
* by-sa 2.0 fr

== Header color-coding not correct ==
The headers of the legalcode are color-coded to indicate the relative openness of the licenses. A green header means more open, and this is only applied to the BY and BY-SA licenses. The BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and BY-ND legalcode should have a yellow header.

=== Has a green header, but should be yellow: ===
* by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nc-sa, by-nd 3.0 gt (Guatemala)
* by-nc, by-nc-sa, by-nc-nd, by-nd 3.0 ec (Ecuador)
* by-nc, by-nc-sa, by-nc-nd, by-nd 3.0 lu (Luxembourg)
* [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/au/legalcode by-nc-sa] au (Australia)

=== Has a yellow header, but should be green: ===
* by, by-sa 3.0 gr (Greece)

=== "Creative Commons Compatible License" Clause ===
In BY-SA licenses, the "Creative Commons Compatible License" clause in Section 1 should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons ''Unported'' license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License." (italics added)

Licenses without reference to Unported:
* by-sa 3.0 ph
* by-sa 3.0 nz
* by-sa 3.0 no
* by-sa 3.0 ro

=== Incorrect reference to "the Applicable License" ===
Some 3.0 BY-SA and BY-NC-SA licenses (all English licenses ''except'' Australia 3.0) incorrectly refer to "the Applicable License" or "Applicable License" instead of "this License" in section 4(b). In Unported BY-NC-SA, this is in the fourth sentence where the license reads "You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work..." In Unported BY-SA, this is in the third sentence, "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work..."

= Unported License Errata =
== By Section ==
=== Section 3 ===
Section 3(d) "set forth" vs "described"
* BY-NC: "including but not limited to the rights set forth is Section 4"
* BY-NC-ND: "including but not limited to the rights set forth in Section 4"
* BY-NC-SA: "including but not limited to the rights described in Section 4"

Section 3 (various sub) "Section" included or not
* BY 3(e)(iii): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC 3(d): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-SA 3(e)(iii):"Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-ND 3(c)(iii):"Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC-SA 3(d): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC-ND 3(b): "Subject to 8(f), all rgihts not expressly granted"

Section 3 (various sub) "8(f)" vs "8(e)"
All the licenses say "8(f)". They should be as follows:
* BY 3(e)(iii): 8(f)
* BY-NC 3(d): 8(f)
* BY-SA 3(e)(iii): 8(f)
* BY-ND 3(c)(iii): 8(e)
* BY-NC-SA 3(d): 8(f)
* BY-NC-ND 3(b): 8(e)

===Section 4===
Section 4(b)positioning of lowercase (i)
* BY-SA: "only under the terms of: (i) this License"
* BY-NC-SA: "only under: (i) the terms of this License"

Section 4(b)"the" included or not
* BY-SA: "You must include a copy of, or the URI for, the Applicable License with every copy"
* BY-NC-SA: "You must include a copy of, or the URI, for Applicable License with every copy"

Section 4(b)Numerals in BY-SA only
* BY-SA:"(I) You must include a copy of"
* BY-NC-SA:"You must include a copy of"

* BY-SA: "every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (II) You may not offer"
* BY-NC-SA: "every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. You may not"

* BY-SA: "the terms of the Applicable License; (III) You must keep intact all notices"
* BY-NC-SA: "the terms of the Applicable License. You must keep intact all notices"

* BY-SA: "You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (IV) when You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation"
* BY-NC-SA: "You Distribute or Publicly Perform. When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation"

Section 4(b) "Applicable License" should be "this License"
* BY-SA third sentence, "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties..." should read "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties..."
* BY-NC-SA fourth sentence where the license reads "You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties..." should read "You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties..."

Section 4 (various sub) "connection" vs "con-nection"
* BY-NC 4(b): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of copyrighted works."
* BY-NC-SA 4(c): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in con-nection with the exchange of copyrighted works."
* BY-NC-ND 4(b): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of the copyrighted works."

Section 4 (various sub) Punctuation and "Section" vs "Ssection"
* BY 4(b): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv), consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-NC 4(c): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and, (iv) consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-SA 4(c): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv), consistent with Ssection 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-NC-SA 4(d): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and, (iv) consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"

Section 4 (various sub) "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation"
* BY 4(b): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-NC 4(c): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-SA 4(c): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-NC-SA 4(d): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"

Section 4(b)Use of "the"
* BY-ND: "if a credit for all contributing authors of the Collection appears"
* BY-NC-ND: "if a credit for all contributing authors of Collection appears"

Section 4(b) of BY-SA
* Last sentence "This Section 4(b) applies to the Adaptation as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the Collection apart from the Adaptation itself to be made subject to the terms of the Applicable License." Big C Collections should be changed to little c collections or another term.

Wrong Subsection Reference
* BY-NC 4(d)(iii) references 4(c), it should reference 4(b).

=== Section 5 ===
Use of "To"
* BY: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-SA: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-ND: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC-SA: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC-ND: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed By the Parties in writing"

"Merchantibility" vs "Merchantability"
* BY: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-SA: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-ND: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC-SA:"Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantability, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC-ND: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"

"Such" vs "This"
* BY: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-SA: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-ND: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC-SA: "so This Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC-ND: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"

"OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS"... "OF ABSENCE" should be removed. This affects all Unported licenses of versions 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0.

=== Notice ===
End of last paragraph "this" vs "the"
* BY: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC: "this trademark restriction does not form part of the License."
* BY-SA: "this trademark restriction does not form part of the License."
* BY-ND: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC-SA: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC-ND: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."

==By License ==
=== BY 3.0 unported===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
* 4(b) has the comma after "and (iv)" instead of between "and" and "iv" like BY-NC and BY-NC-SA.
* Section 4(b) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has a spelling error, "Merchantibility" should be "Merchantability."
*Section 5 "Of Absense" should be removed from "Or the Presence of Absence of Errors."

=== BY-NC 3.0 unported ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode
* Section 4(c) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 4(d)(iii), the reference to 4(c) should be a reference to 4(b).
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "Of Absense" should be removed from "Or the Presence of Absence of Errors."
* The Notice at the end says "the License" instead of "this License". BY-SA is also incorrect.

=== BY-SA 3.0 unported ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
* 1(b) cites 1(f), should cite 1(h).
* 1(b) says Adaption is defined '''above''', not below as the text states.
* 4(b) has uppercase roman numerals that are not present in BY-NC-SA. They should also be present in BY-NC-SA.
* 4(b) should say "this License" instead of "Applicable License" in the 3rd sentence, "must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform.".
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."
* 4(c) has the comma after "and (iv)" instead of between "and" and "(iv)".
* 4(c) has a spelling error: "(iv) , consistent with Ssection 3(b)".
* Section 4(c) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."
* The Notice at the end says "the License" instead of "this License". BY-NC is also incorrect.

=== BY-ND ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/legalcode
* The last paragraph of section 3 makes reference to a section 8(f), which doesn't actually exist. Instead, it should refer to section 8(e).
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

=== BY-NC-SA ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode
* 3(d) says "including but not limited to the rights described in Section 4" instead of "set forth in Section 4".
* 4(b) has a mix-up in where the lower case roman numerals begin. It says "You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under: (i) the terms of this License; (ii) a later version" instead of "only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii)". BY-SA is correct.
*4(b) is missing the word "the" and has a misplaced comma. It says "You must include a copy of, or the URI, for Applicable License with every copy of" instead of "or the URI for, the Applicable License". BY-SA has the "the".
*4(b) should say "this License" instead of "Applicable License" in the fourth sentence, "must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform.".
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(c) says "no payment of any monetary compensation in con-nection with the exchange" instead of "compensation in connection with".
* Section 4(d) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 reads "Do Not Allow the Exclusion of Implied Warranties so This Exclusion May Not Apply To You" instead of "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You." All other licenses are correct.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

=== BY-NC-ND ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode
* 3(b) is missing the word "Section" before "8(f)". It says "Subject to 8(f)" instead of "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted". All other licenses are correct.
* The last paragraph of section 3 makes reference to a section 8(f), which doesn't actually exist. Instead, it should refer to section 8(e).
* 4(b) is missing the word "the". It says "if a credit for all contributing authors of Collection appears" instead of "of the Collection appears". BY-ND has it correctly
* Section 5 is missing the word "to". It says "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed By the Parties in Writing" instead of "Agreed To By the Parties". All other licenses are correct.
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

= Individual license errata =
==Canada==
=== by-nc-nd 2.5 English vs. French ===

* In Section 4(a) of the English, the last paragraph correctly reads as follows, without any reference to the removal of credit from derivative works (which the license obviously doesn't allow):

If You create a Collective Work, upon request from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, include or remove from the Collective Work any credit required by clause 4(c).

And in that same Section in the French, the last two paragraphs read:

Si vous créez une œuvre collective, à la demande du concédant, vous devez, dans la mesure du possible, inclure ou retirer de l’œuvre collective toute reconnaissance de l’auteur prévue à l’alinéa 4 c).

Si vous créez une œuvre dérivée, à la demande du concédant, vous devez, dans la mesure du possible, inclure ou retirer de l’œuvre dérivée toute reconnaissance de l’auteur prévue à l’alinéa 4 c).

The last paragraph in the French BY NC ND 2.5 should be omitted.

== Czech Republic ==
=== All six 3.0 licenses (by, by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nc-sa, by-nd, by-sa) ===
* In the 2nd sentence of the final section ("Upozornění Creative Commons"), "Commos" should be "Commons". The N is missing.

==Germany==
=== by 2.0 ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/de/legalcode

(1) Lizenzvertrag:

< UNTER DER VORAUSSETZUNGEIN, DASS
---
> UNTER DER VORAUSSETZUNG EIN, DASS

(2) Definitionen:

< f. f. Unter dem „Schutzgegenstand"wird
< verstanden
---
> f. Unter dem „Schutzgegenstand" wird
> verstanden.

(3) Gewährleistung:

< vereinbart,,
---
> vereinbart,

(4) Schlussbestimmungen:

< a. a. Jedes Mal
---
> a. Jedes Mal

(5)

< HAT CREATIVE COMMONS ALL RECHTE [...]
< LIZENSGEBERS [...]
< KENIE VERTRAGSPARTEI [...]
< ÜBREEINSTIMMUNG
---
> HAT CREATIVE COMMONS ALLE RECHTE [...]
> LIZENZGEBERS [...]
> DARF KEINE VERTRAGSPARTEI [...]
> ÜBEREINSTIMMUNG

==by-nc-sa/3.0/==
Simple half-automated check of words found 'angeboteten'

==France==
=== by, by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nd, by-sa 2.0 fr ===
All of these license have a section 5(a)(i) that references a non-existent section 4(e). The by-nc-sa license is not affected and this is probably a by-product of the fact that the by-nc-sa license is usually the template for all the others.

==Greece==
===BY SA===
3(Beta) In "(π.χ. Attribution—NonCommercial—ShareAlike 3 U.S.) (Εφαρμοστέα Άδεια)," it should be "Attribution--ShareAlike."
''Note: There is more errata in this license, particularly in 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Greek in order to do a good job of marking these corrections.''
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is errata in this license, particularly in 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Greek in order to do a good job of marking these corrections.''

==Hong Kong==
===BY SA===
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) "(e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong)" should be any ported BY-SA license other than Hong Kong.

===BY NC SA===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) "(e.g., Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong)" should be any ported BY-NC-SA license other than Hong Kong.

==Italy==
=== by-sa 2.0 it ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/it/legalcode
* 4(b) is a repeat of 4(a)
* corrected in http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/it/legalcode

== by, by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nc-sa, by-nd, by-sa 3.0 nl ==

In the last sentence of section 3 the word 'beschikt' is misspelled (as 'beschickt')

==Norway==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License. "(ii) uttrykkelig tillater relisensiering av bearbeidelser av verk gjort tilgjengelig under den lisensen under denne lisensen eller en Creative Commons Unported lisens eller en Creative Commons-lisens for en annen jurisdiksjon med de samme lisenselementene som denne lisensen."
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Norweigian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors.''

== Philippines==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License."

* 4(b) BY-NC-SA is listed as an example compatible port, should be BY-SA

* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."

=== BY NC SA ===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."

==Romania==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License. "(ii) permite în mod explicit relicenţierea, sub această licenţă sau o licenţă Creative Commons Unported o licenţă Creative Commons din altă jurisdicţie cu aceleaşi Opţiuni ca şi prezenta, a adaptărilor operelor făcute publice sub acea licenţă."
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Romanian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors. ''
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Romanian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors. ''

==Singapore==
===BY SA===
* 4(b) the example of a compatible license should not be the license in which the example appeares. Currently says "(e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 SG)," should be any other ported license.
* 4(b) only has one of the upper case roman numerals that should be present. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."
===BY NC SA===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."

==Spain==
=== all 3.0 es (Spain) ===

Missing jurisdiction flag

== by 3.0 us ==
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/legalcode

Section (3) b. includes two semicolons (;).
"...or a modification could indicate "The original work has been modified.";;"

== by-sa 3.0 us ==

Section 4(a) (about mid paragraph), the sentence "You may not impose any technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise '''of''' the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License." The bolded word "of" should not be there.

== devnations 2.0 (retired) ==
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/devnations/3.0/legalcode
* economy is misspelled

= CC Zero errata =
== [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode Version 1.0] ==
=== Section 4(b) ===
* Says "''the present or absence of errors''". "''present''" should be "''presence''".

Legalcode errata

2013-01-15T20:44:54Z

Nkinkade: /* Canada */

Despite our best efforts, spelling errors and other errata are sometimes included in the published legal code for licenses. However, Creative Commons does not amend legal code once published so that the licenses remain static, and not a moving target. CC is [http://code.creativecommons.org/issues/issue998 planning an errata service] which will allow us to record and report the typographical errata for a license without modifying the document itself. This service is currently under development, and will launch at some time in the future (probably 2012). Until that time, this wiki page collects known errata for license legal code. If you discover a spelling error on a license, please record it here. The information on this page will be integrated in the errata service at launch time.

= Recurring bugs =

== by-sa with by-nc-sa as example compatible port ==
Found in (at least, pending further review). See section 4(b) or 4(β) in the Greece license:
* by-sa 3.0 gr
* by-sa 3.0 ph
* by-sa 2.5 ca (en and fr)
* by-sa 2.0 at
* by-sa 2.0 ca (en and fr)
* by-sa 2.0 de
* by-sa 2.0 fr

== Header color-coding not correct ==
The headers of the legalcode are color-coded to indicate the relative openness of the licenses. A green header means more open, and this is only applied to the BY and BY-SA licenses. The BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and BY-ND legalcode should have a yellow header.

=== Has a green header, but should be yellow: ===
* by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nc-sa, by-nd 3.0 gt (Guatemala)
* by-nc, by-nc-sa, by-nc-nd, by-nd 3.0 ec (Ecuador)
* by-nc, by-nc-sa, by-nc-nd, by-nd 3.0 lu (Luxembourg)
* [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/au/legalcode by-nc-sa] au (Australia)

=== Has a yellow header, but should be green: ===
* by, by-sa 3.0 gr (Greece)

=== "Creative Commons Compatible License" Clause ===
In BY-SA licenses, the "Creative Commons Compatible License" clause in Section 1 should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons ''Unported'' license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License." (italics added)

Licenses without reference to Unported:
* by-sa 3.0 ph
* by-sa 3.0 nz
* by-sa 3.0 no
* by-sa 3.0 ro

=== Incorrect reference to "the Applicable License" ===
Some 3.0 BY-SA and BY-NC-SA licenses (all English licenses ''except'' Australia 3.0) incorrectly refer to "the Applicable License" or "Applicable License" instead of "this License" in section 4(b). In Unported BY-NC-SA, this is in the fourth sentence where the license reads "You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work..." In Unported BY-SA, this is in the third sentence, "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work..."

= Unported License Errata =
== By Section ==
=== Section 3 ===
Section 3(d) "set forth" vs "described"
* BY-NC: "including but not limited to the rights set forth is Section 4"
* BY-NC-ND: "including but not limited to the rights set forth in Section 4"
* BY-NC-SA: "including but not limited to the rights described in Section 4"

Section 3 (various sub) "Section" included or not
* BY 3(e)(iii): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC 3(d): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-SA 3(e)(iii):"Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-ND 3(c)(iii):"Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC-SA 3(d): "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted"
* BY-NC-ND 3(b): "Subject to 8(f), all rgihts not expressly granted"

Section 3 (various sub) "8(f)" vs "8(e)"
All the licenses say "8(f)". They should be as follows:
* BY 3(e)(iii): 8(f)
* BY-NC 3(d): 8(f)
* BY-SA 3(e)(iii): 8(f)
* BY-ND 3(c)(iii): 8(e)
* BY-NC-SA 3(d): 8(f)
* BY-NC-ND 3(b): 8(e)

===Section 4===
Section 4(b)positioning of lowercase (i)
* BY-SA: "only under the terms of: (i) this License"
* BY-NC-SA: "only under: (i) the terms of this License"

Section 4(b)"the" included or not
* BY-SA: "You must include a copy of, or the URI for, the Applicable License with every copy"
* BY-NC-SA: "You must include a copy of, or the URI, for Applicable License with every copy"

Section 4(b)Numerals in BY-SA only
* BY-SA:"(I) You must include a copy of"
* BY-NC-SA:"You must include a copy of"

* BY-SA: "every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (II) You may not offer"
* BY-NC-SA: "every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. You may not"

* BY-SA: "the terms of the Applicable License; (III) You must keep intact all notices"
* BY-NC-SA: "the terms of the Applicable License. You must keep intact all notices"

* BY-SA: "You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (IV) when You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation"
* BY-NC-SA: "You Distribute or Publicly Perform. When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation"

Section 4(b) "Applicable License" should be "this License"
* BY-SA third sentence, "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties..." should read "(III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties..."
* BY-NC-SA fourth sentence where the license reads "You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties..." should read "You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties..."

Section 4 (various sub) "connection" vs "con-nection"
* BY-NC 4(b): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of copyrighted works."
* BY-NC-SA 4(c): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in con-nection with the exchange of copyrighted works."
* BY-NC-ND 4(b): "provided there is no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of the copyrighted works."

Section 4 (various sub) Punctuation and "Section" vs "Ssection"
* BY 4(b): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv), consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-NC 4(c): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and, (iv) consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-SA 4(c): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv), consistent with Ssection 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"
* BY-NC-SA 4(d): "the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and, (iv) consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of Adaptation"

Section 4 (various sub) "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation"
* BY 4(b): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-NC 4(c): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-SA 4(c): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"
* BY-NC-SA 4(d): "that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection,"

Section 4(b)Use of "the"
* BY-ND: "if a credit for all contributing authors of the Collection appears"
* BY-NC-ND: "if a credit for all contributing authors of Collection appears"

Section 4(b) of BY-SA
* Last sentence "This Section 4(b) applies to the Adaptation as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the Collection apart from the Adaptation itself to be made subject to the terms of the Applicable License." Big C Collections should be changed to little c collections or another term.

Wrong Subsection Reference
* BY-NC 4(d)(iii) references 4(c), it should reference 4(b).

=== Section 5 ===
Use of "To"
* BY: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-SA: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-ND: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC-SA: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed To By the Parties in writing"
* BY-NC-ND: "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed By the Parties in writing"

"Merchantibility" vs "Merchantability"
* BY: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-SA: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-ND: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC-SA:"Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantability, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"
* BY-NC-ND: "Including, Without Limitation, Warranties of Title, Merchantibility, Fitness for a Particular Purpose"

"Such" vs "This"
* BY: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-SA: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-ND: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC-SA: "so This Exclusion May Not Apply To You"
* BY-NC-ND: "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You"

"OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS"... "OF ABSENCE" should be removed. This affects all Unported licenses of versions 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0.

=== Notice ===
End of last paragraph "this" vs "the"
* BY: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC: "this trademark restriction does not form part of the License."
* BY-SA: "this trademark restriction does not form part of the License."
* BY-ND: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC-SA: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."
* BY-NC-ND: "this trademark restriction does not form part of this License."

==By License ==
=== BY 3.0 unported===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
* 4(b) has the comma after "and (iv)" instead of between "and" and "iv" like BY-NC and BY-NC-SA.
* Section 4(b) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has a spelling error, "Merchantibility" should be "Merchantability."
*Section 5 "Of Absense" should be removed from "Or the Presence of Absence of Errors."

=== BY-NC 3.0 unported ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode
* Section 4(c) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 4(d)(iii), the reference to 4(c) should be a reference to 4(b).
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "Of Absense" should be removed from "Or the Presence of Absence of Errors."
* The Notice at the end says "the License" instead of "this License". BY-SA is also incorrect.

=== BY-SA 3.0 unported ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
* 1(b) cites 1(f), should cite 1(h).
* 1(b) says Adaption is defined '''above''', not below as the text states.
* 4(b) has uppercase roman numerals that are not present in BY-NC-SA. They should also be present in BY-NC-SA.
* 4(b) should say "this License" instead of "Applicable License" in the 3rd sentence, "must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform.".
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."
* 4(c) has the comma after "and (iv)" instead of between "and" and "(iv)".
* 4(c) has a spelling error: "(iv) , consistent with Ssection 3(b)".
* Section 4(c) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."
* The Notice at the end says "the License" instead of "this License". BY-NC is also incorrect.

=== BY-ND ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/legalcode
* The last paragraph of section 3 makes reference to a section 8(f), which doesn't actually exist. Instead, it should refer to section 8(e).
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

=== BY-NC-SA ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode
* 3(d) says "including but not limited to the rights described in Section 4" instead of "set forth in Section 4".
* 4(b) has a mix-up in where the lower case roman numerals begin. It says "You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under: (i) the terms of this License; (ii) a later version" instead of "only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii)". BY-SA is correct.
*4(b) is missing the word "the" and has a misplaced comma. It says "You must include a copy of, or the URI, for Applicable License with every copy of" instead of "or the URI for, the Applicable License". BY-SA has the "the".
*4(b) should say "this License" instead of "Applicable License" in the fourth sentence, "must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform.".
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(c) says "no payment of any monetary compensation in con-nection with the exchange" instead of "compensation in connection with".
* Section 4(d) has a grammatical error; "a Adaptation" should be "an Adaptation."
* Section 5 reads "Do Not Allow the Exclusion of Implied Warranties so This Exclusion May Not Apply To You" instead of "so Such Exclusion May Not Apply To You." All other licenses are correct.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

=== BY-NC-ND ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode
* 3(b) is missing the word "Section" before "8(f)". It says "Subject to 8(f)" instead of "Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted". All other licenses are correct.
* The last paragraph of section 3 makes reference to a section 8(f), which doesn't actually exist. Instead, it should refer to section 8(e).
* 4(b) is missing the word "the". It says "if a credit for all contributing authors of Collection appears" instead of "of the Collection appears". BY-ND has it correctly
* Section 5 is missing the word "to". It says "Unless Otherwise Mutually Agreed By the Parties in Writing" instead of "Agreed To By the Parties". All other licenses are correct.
* Section 5 does not include the phrase "And to the Fullest Extent Permitted by Applicable Law," before "Licensor Offers the Work As-IS and Makes No Representations". Only BY-NC-SA has this phrase.
* Section 5 has the misspelling "Merchantibility". Only BY-NC-SA has the correct spelling.
* Section 5 "or the presence of absence of errors" should say "or the presence of errors."

= Individual license errata =
==Canada==
=== by-nc-nd 2.5 English vs. French ===

* In Section 4(a) of the English, the last paragraph correctly reads as follows, without any reference to the removal of credit from derivative works (which the license obviously doesn't allow):

If You create a Collective Work, upon request from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, include or remove from the Collective Work any credit required by clause 4(c).

And in that same Section in the French, the last two paragraphs read:

Si vous créez une œuvre collective, à la demande du concédant, vous devez, dans la mesure du possible, inclure ou retirer de l’œuvre collective toute reconnaissance de l’auteur prévue à l’alinéa 4 c).

Si vous créez une œuvre dérivée, à la demande du concédant, vous devez, dans la mesure du possible, inclure ou retirer de l’œuvre dérivée toute reconnaissance de l’auteur prévue à l’alinéa 4 c).

The last paragraph in the French BY NC ND 2.5 should be omitted.

== Czech Republic ==
=== by-nd 3.0 ===
* In the 2nd sentence of the final section ("Upozornění Creative Commons"), "Commos" should be "Commons". The N is missing.

==Germany==
=== by 2.0 ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/de/legalcode

(1) Lizenzvertrag:

< UNTER DER VORAUSSETZUNGEIN, DASS
---
> UNTER DER VORAUSSETZUNG EIN, DASS

(2) Definitionen:

< f. f. Unter dem „Schutzgegenstand"wird
< verstanden
---
> f. Unter dem „Schutzgegenstand" wird
> verstanden.

(3) Gewährleistung:

< vereinbart,,
---
> vereinbart,

(4) Schlussbestimmungen:

< a. a. Jedes Mal
---
> a. Jedes Mal

(5)

< HAT CREATIVE COMMONS ALL RECHTE [...]
< LIZENSGEBERS [...]
< KENIE VERTRAGSPARTEI [...]
< ÜBREEINSTIMMUNG
---
> HAT CREATIVE COMMONS ALLE RECHTE [...]
> LIZENZGEBERS [...]
> DARF KEINE VERTRAGSPARTEI [...]
> ÜBEREINSTIMMUNG

==by-nc-sa/3.0/==
Simple half-automated check of words found 'angeboteten'

==France==
=== by, by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nd, by-sa 2.0 fr ===
All of these license have a section 5(a)(i) that references a non-existent section 4(e). The by-nc-sa license is not affected and this is probably a by-product of the fact that the by-nc-sa license is usually the template for all the others.

==Greece==
===BY SA===
3(Beta) In "(π.χ. Attribution—NonCommercial—ShareAlike 3 U.S.) (Εφαρμοστέα Άδεια)," it should be "Attribution--ShareAlike."
''Note: There is more errata in this license, particularly in 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Greek in order to do a good job of marking these corrections.''
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is errata in this license, particularly in 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Greek in order to do a good job of marking these corrections.''

==Hong Kong==
===BY SA===
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) "(e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong)" should be any ported BY-SA license other than Hong Kong.

===BY NC SA===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) "(e.g., Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong)" should be any ported BY-NC-SA license other than Hong Kong.

==Italy==
=== by-sa 2.0 it ===
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/it/legalcode
* 4(b) is a repeat of 4(a)
* corrected in http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/it/legalcode

== by, by-nc, by-nc-nd, by-nc-sa, by-nd, by-sa 3.0 nl ==

In the last sentence of section 3 the word 'beschikt' is misspelled (as 'beschickt')

==Norway==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License. "(ii) uttrykkelig tillater relisensiering av bearbeidelser av verk gjort tilgjengelig under den lisensen under denne lisensen eller en Creative Commons Unported lisens eller en Creative Commons-lisens for en annen jurisdiksjon med de samme lisenselementene som denne lisensen."
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Norweigian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors.''

== Philippines==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License."

* 4(b) BY-NC-SA is listed as an example compatible port, should be BY-SA

* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."

=== BY NC SA ===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals present in the BY-SA license. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."

==Romania==
===BY SA===
* 1(c) should make reference to "Unported" license, as in the example from BY SA 3.0 US: "(ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works made available under that license under this License or either a Creative Commons Unported license or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License. "(ii) permite în mod explicit relicenţierea, sub această licenţă sau o licenţă Creative Commons Unported o licenţă Creative Commons din altă jurisdicţie cu aceleaşi Opţiuni ca şi prezenta, a adaptărilor operelor făcute publice sub acea licenţă."
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Romanian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors. ''
===BY NC SA===
''Note: There is at least some errata in Section 4(b), but we need someone fluent in Romanian to take a look in order to correctly mark the errors. ''

==Singapore==
===BY SA===
* 4(b) the example of a compatible license should not be the license in which the example appeares. Currently says "(e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 SG)," should be any other ported license.
* 4(b) only has one of the upper case roman numerals that should be present. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."
===BY NC SA===
* 4(b) does not have the upper case roman numerals. Instead of a full stop (.), each clause should end with a semi-colon (;) and be followed by the proper uppercase roman numeral. The numerals and sentences correspond as follows:
** (I) You must include a copy of...
** (II) You may not offer...
** (III) You must keep intact all notices...
** (IV) when You Distribute or Perform the Adaptation.... (the lower case "when" is also different).
* 4(b) "the applicable license" in part (III) should be "this license."
* 4(b) The sentence beginning "This Section 4(b) applies" should have lower case "collection" not capitalized "Collection."

==Spain==
=== all 3.0 es (Spain) ===

Missing jurisdiction flag

== by 3.0 us ==
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/legalcode

Section (3) b. includes two semicolons (;).
"...or a modification could indicate "The original work has been modified.";;"

== by-sa 3.0 us ==

Section 4(a) (about mid paragraph), the sentence "You may not impose any technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise '''of''' the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License." The bolded word "of" should not be there.

== devnations 2.0 (retired) ==
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/devnations/3.0/legalcode
* economy is misspelled

= CC Zero errata =
== [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode Version 1.0] ==
=== Section 4(b) ===
* Says "''the present or absence of errors''". "''present''" should be "''presence''".

Case Studies/Valkaama

2013-01-02T21:32:15Z

Nkinkade:

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Valkaama is a collaborative Open Source movie project.
|Quote=Movies produced in an open collaborative approach can be observed more and more often nowadays. Valkaama wasn't only among the first feature films which were made available under a Creative Commons license but it was the first feature film project which published HD video sources. We strive to apply the Open Source approach as much as possible to film. By using the Creative Commons BY-SA license we enable everyone not only to freely copy our material but also to remix it and use it commercially.
|Quote_Attribution=Tim Baumann
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/a/a5/Valkaama.jpg
|Image_attribution=Tim Baumann, Valkaama
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|Mainurl=http://www.valkaama.com
|Author=Tim Baumann
|User_Status=Creator
|Tag=film
|License_short_name=CC BY-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|Format=MovingImage
|Country=Germany
}}
==Overview==

Valkaama is a collaborative open source movie project. It intends to complete the post-production of a full feature movie to be done publicly with the help of volunteers both amateur and professional. The project was started in November 2006 and published as Open Source in October 2008.

Valkaama is a drama placed in Sweden and Finland. It has been realized with drama school students and amateurs in and around Krakow, Poland. The movie tells the story of two unlike young men, each seeking for his personal future, that are thrown together by fate to travel to “Valkaama” to find what each is looking for. As their paths cross, they do not realize how much of their journey has already been determined by their pasts.
Open Source and Open Content movies are still a rarity in the Internet. Valkaama is one of the first movies not only to be distributed freely but also to guarantee free access to all source data used and created during the production process. The use of CC by-sa 3.0 licenses for the movie and its sources guarantees a very flexible use and reuse of the produced material.

==Licence Usage==

Valkaama uses multiple Creative Commons v.3.0 licenses. The movie itself and the source material are published under a CC by-sa license while other material like pictures and texts on the website are available under various CC licenses like the by and by-nd. A few works are also licensed under a non-commercial attribute because the original artists explicitly demanded it. It is hoped for that the ongoing negotiations and discussions about this issue will lead to lifting this attribute for the works in question as well.

The licenses are consequently used on the projects webpage www.valkaama.com where almost every text, picture and video as well as every downloadable media is tagged with a respective license. In some cases the licenses are also included into the media files themselves.

==Motivations==

Creative Commons licenses are a simple way to specify how creative work can be used and reused by others. They are accepted and respected both, by the community and by legal institutions which predestines them for an open project like SEO Valkaama.

It was decided to mainly use the CC by-sa licenses in order to not restrict the use and reuse of the material unnecessarily. Although it can be used commercially, the share-alike term ensures that the [http://www.lblognetwork.com blogging tips] Valkaama material (and new creative works based upon it) will not be exploited, because this license contradicts the media industry’s business models. The permission for commercial use under a share-alike condition can motivate kata motivasi the creation of new free works based upon the project’s materials and thus enrich our digital culture.

==General==

For more information, please visit the project’s webpage [http://www.valkaama.com].

[[Category:USA]]

Case Studies/Valkaama

2013-01-02T21:29:08Z

Nkinkade:

Case Studies/Valkaama

2013-01-02T21:27:41Z

Nkinkade:

Jurisdiction Database

2013-01-02T20:54:35Z

Nkinkade:

The Jurisdiction Database is a dynamic resource containing information for Affiliates, scholars and others interested in CC's international community.

==Research==
The Database contains the full text of the Unported and the jurisdiction-specific 3.0 licenses, which you can query by a range of variables. The license texts have been structured according to [[Property:Relevant_license_sections|tags or keywords]]. [[Special:RunQuery/Jurisdiction_Query|Query]] one or more ported licenses (and Unported) for tagged license sections.Visit the [[Jurisdiction_Database/Research|Jurisdiction Database Research]] page for more information on using the data contained in this database. Please note that Creative Commons is not beginning any new ports in preparation for the upgrade to version 4.0.

==Jurisdictions==
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world. Members of the Affiliate Network have formal agreements with Creative Commons. Enthusiasm for Creative Commons does not require a formal Affiliate Team. Creative Commoners around the world conduct events and share the news about CC without a formal relationship to Creative Commons. The flags below cover all jurisdictions included in the Jurisdiction Database, both members of the Affiliate Network and those who do not have formal agreements with CC. Click on the flags below to learn more about CC enthusiasts in these jurisdictions.

For more information on what it means to be a formal Affiliate, please see our [[International|Affiliates]] wiki page and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/9/94/Introduction_to_CC_and_Affiliate_Teams.pdf Introduction document].

<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;">
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]]
|?Flag URL
|?Name
|sort=Name
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div>
</div>

<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<center>
==Add a jurisdiction==
{{#forminput:form=Jurisdiction|size=30|button text=Add jurisdiction}}
</center>

==Contributing to the Database==
The Jurisdiction Database contains information on the Unported license and each Creative Commons affiliate jurisdiction (e.g. [[Germany]], [[Estonia]]).

On these pages you have the opportunity to add or edit data about the jurisdiction, or data about the jurisdiction's 3.0 license porting process.

On each page, you can choose to edit the page directly as with a normal wiki page or edit via the "edit with form" link at the top of the page. This form will allow you to input information into labeled boxes and is suggested at least for edits to the sidebar.

The structure of pages follows this schema: <Jurisdiction>/3.0/<License>
* Jurisdiction page (e.g. Germany, Estonia) which has the [[Template:Jurisdiction|template]] and [[Form:Jurisdiction|form]]
* 3.0 page which has [[Template:License|template]] and [[Form:License|form]].
*Specific license page (e.g. CC BY-NC-SA) which has [[Template:Ported License|templates]] and [[Template:License section]] and [[Form:Ported License|form]].

==Map==
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]]|?Coordinates|format=googlemaps|height=500|limit=100}}

== Disclaimer ==
{{Infobox|This website provides information about legal topics and information on Creative Commons licenses. It is based on the work of Creative Commons and our Creative Commons Affiliate Teams. Nothing on this website is intended to be used as legal advice. Creative Commons and Creative Commons Affiliate Teams are not law firms and do not provide legal services. Using the Websites or Services or sending us an email does not create an attorney-client relationship. Creative Commons and Creative Commons Affiliate Teams provide this information on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons makes no warranties regarding any information provided on this website and disclaims liability for damages resulting from their use.}}

__NOEDITSECTION__

[[Category:Database]]

Legal Tools Translation

2012-12-11T22:33:12Z

Nkinkade: /* Unofficial CC0 Translation Projects */

=Welcome to the CC Translation Project!=
''Please note this is an evolving project and we welcome feedback.''

This is the main portal for projects translating the suite of six CC licenses and the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

If a CC license deed is not yet available in your language, we recommend translating that first. For information on translating CC license deeds, visit [[Translating_CC_Deeds|Translating CC Deeds]].

If you are interested in translating CC0, please see [[CC0 Official Translation Process and Policy]].

==Translations Generally==
Creative Commons supports two types of linguistic translations of its licenses and CC0: official and unofficial. For version 3.0 of the licenses, CC supports unofficial translations only. These are not suitable for adoption but are provided for information purposes only. Beginning with version 4.0, CC will support official linguistic translations of its six (6) core licenses. The translations process and policy for the 4.0 licenses will be published around the time those licenses are finalized for launch, expected early 2013. '''Please note that translations (whether official or unofficial) involve linguistic translation only -- they do not adapt the licenses or CC0 to account for local law.'''

As of December 2012, CC supports official translations of CC0 version 1.0. Please see the [[CC0 Official Translation Process and Policy]] for more information on how to start a project to translate CC0 officially into your local language. All CC0 translation projects must be approved by Creative Commons in advance. Those projects for which approval has been given are listed below with links to the relevant project page. CC's policy is to support a single official translation into any particular language, absent a compelling reason otherwise. Please do not start a CC0 translation project without first contacting Creative Commons.

==CC0 Translations==

===Approved CC0 Translation Projects===
''[To come]''

===Unofficial CC0 Translation Projects===
* [sq] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(Albanian) | Albanian]]
* [zh-tw] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(Mandarin Chinese) | Chinese (Mandarin)]]
* [id] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(Indonesian) | Indonesian]]
* [it] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(Italian) | Italian]]
* [fr] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(French) | French]]
* [ru] [[Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText_(Russian) | Russian]]

==License Translations==
===Version 3.0 License Translation Projects===
=====Unofficial (only)=====
* [sq] [[AlbanianLegalTools|Albanian]]
* [id] [[IndonesianLegalTools|Indonesian]]
* [ru] [[RussianLegalTools|Russian]] CC-BY only
* [uk] [[UkrainianLegalTools|Ukrainian]] CC-BY only

===Version 4.0 License Translation Projects===
=====Official (only)=====
''[To come]''

==All Translation Projects==
'''If you do not see your language here, please contact CC HQ at affiliate-program@creativecommons.org before starting. Thank you.'''
* [ar] [[ArabicLegalTools|Arabic]]
* [sq] [[AlbanianLegalTools|Albanian]]
* [zy] [[ChineseLegalTools|Chinese]]
* [id] [[IndonesianLegalTools|Indonesian]]
* [it] [[ItalianLegalTools|Italian]]
* [fr] [[FrenchLegalTools|French]]
* [ms] [[MalayLegalTools|Malay]]
* [ru] [[RussianLegalTools|Russian]]
* [uk] [[UkrainianLegalTools|Ukrainian]]

'''Note:''' Translations are to help people understand Creative Commons licenses by allowing them to read the licenses in their own languages. The only versions of the 3.0 international license suite (formerly known as the "unported" licenses) are the English language licenses -- no translations of the 3.0 international license suite are official. '''Please do not use translations of the 3.0 international licenses -- licensors should not link to or otherwise identify any of the unofficial translations referenced from this page.'''

==Unofficial Translation Process for 3.0 License Suite==
'''Note: CC does not recommend new translation projects for the version 3.0 licenses at this time due to the versioning to 4.0. The information provided below is for reference purposes only.'''

'''Who:''' Translation teams may be composed of one or more Affiliate Teams from the CC Affiliate Network and other volunteers within the Creative Commons Community who are interested in making the licenses accessible to a wider community. We strongly suggest having at least one lawyer fluent in both languages on the team because words can often have very specific legal meanings.

'''Step 1:''' The translation team works on a first draft, literal translation of the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ international CC licenses] . Contact the team to find out how to contribute to the translation. Every translated license must include the following disclaimer, also translated:
:"This is an unofficial translation of the Creative Commons ''license title'' into ''language''. It was not published by Creative Commons and is not legally binding and should not be applied to your work''. However, we hope that this translation will help language speakers understand the CC ''license title'' better."

'''Step 2:''' When a draft translation is ready, the translation team posts the draft on the CC wiki for public comment.

'''Step 3:''' The public comment period takes place, lasting anywhere from several weeks to several months depending on the engagement of the community. The comment period allows for conversations around word choice.

'''Step 4:''' Incorporate comments from the communities into a new draft.

Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText (Mandarin Chinese)

2012-12-11T22:29:08Z

Nkinkade:

本文列出目前 CCZero 通用版中文翻譯的稿件，歡迎留言提供意見，亦可寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

內容

{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 通用 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 Universal
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS不是法律事務所，亦不提供法律服務。散布本文件並不產生律師和客戶的關係。CREATIVE COMMONS在現狀的基礎上提供本資訊。CREATIVE COMMONS對於使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品不負保證責任，並免責於因使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品所產生的損害。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 目的之聲明 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Statement of Purpose
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 全球大多數司法管轄領域的法律，自動將專屬的著作權及其相關權利（定義如下）賦予原始創作及（或）資料庫（分別稱『著作』）之創作者及之後的權利人（個別及統稱『權利人』）。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work").
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 有些想要永久放棄「著作」權利之權利人，是為了將它貢獻到一個創意、文化及科學著作的共享領域（『本共享領域』）。在本共享領域中，公眾能安心地、無懼未來的侵權主張地、並以最大可能的自由形式及任何目的，包含但不限於商業目的，去修改、再利用、再散布這些著作及將該等著作收錄於其他著作中。這些權利人，會將該等著作貢獻到本共享領域中，是為了發揚自由文化的理想或進一步促進創意、文化及科學著作的產生、或部分藉由他人的使用及努力，來為自己贏得名聲或更廣泛地散布他們的著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 為了這些及/或其他目的和動機，且沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期下，以CC0結合本著作之人（『宣告者』），在他/她是本著作的著作權及其相關權利的權利人的範圍內，且在其了解到他/她對本著作的著作權及其相關權利和意義、及CC0對那些權利將產生法律影響的情形下，自願選擇將CC0適用在本著作上，且公開地依據CC0的條款來散布本著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1. 著作權及其相關權利。本著作依據CC0提供利用，可能受到著作權及其相關或鄰接權利（『著作權及其相關權利』）的保護。著作權及其相關權利包含但不限於下列權利：|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1.Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights ("Copyright and Related Rights"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i. 重製、改作、散布、表演、展示、傳達及翻譯本著作的權利； ii. 保留予原始著作人及/或表演人之著作人格權； iii. 於本著作中描繪、與某人的形象或肖像有關的形象權或隱私權； iv. 關於保護本著作免於受不正競爭的權利，需受到以下第4(a)點的限制； v. 保護摘錄、散播、利用及再利用本著作中之資料的權利； vi. 資料庫的權利（例如歐洲議會及理事會在1996年3月11日通過編號96/9/EC的『歐體資料庫法律保護指令』“Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases”，及產生自任何國家對此指令的實施，包含任何該指令的修改或後續版本）； vii. 其他遍及全球、基於相關法律或條約，及任何國家對該等法律或條約的實施下之相似、相等或一致的權利。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i.the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work; ii.moral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s); iii.publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work; iv.rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below; v.rights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work; vi.database rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and vii.other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. 拋棄。在被允許的最大範圍內，但不違反相關法律，宣告者於此公開地、完全地、永久地、不可撤回地及無條件地拋棄及放棄其對於本著作所有的著作權及其相關權利及相關聯的訴訟主張，不論現在已知或未知（包含現行及未來的訴訟主張），(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷之目的（『拋棄』）。 宣告者為「權利之拋棄」，是有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益，他完全了解且希望這樣的拋棄永遠不會成為撤回、撤銷、取消、終止或被其他任何法律認定為相關行為的客體，以免影響公眾基於本著作基於其明示的「目的之聲明」，對於本著作平和的享用，亦不會受到任何打擾。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3.轉換為公眾授權。若因為任何原因，「拋棄」的任一部分依據準據法，在法律上會被法院認定為無效，則該「拋棄」在宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」中，應在被允許的最大範圍內被考量。此外，在「拋棄」被如此裁定的範圍內，宣告者於此授與每位受影響者免權利金、不得移轉的、不得再授權的、非專屬的、不可撤回的及無條件的授權來實施宣告者對本著作的著作權及其相關權利，(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷的目的（『授權』）。該「授權」應被視為溯及自宣告者將CC0適用於本著作之日起生效。若因為任何原因該「授權」的任一部分在相關法律下被法院裁定為無效，該無效部份不因而使「授權」其餘部分亦無效，且在這個情況下，宣告者於此聲明他/她將不會(i)行使任何他/她對本著作剩餘的著作權及其相關權利或(ii)提起任何與本著作有關的相關聯訴訟主張，在前述(i)(ii)任一情形，本處之聲明並不會與宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」相違反。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. 限制及免除責任聲明。 a. 宣告者所擁有的商標權或專利權，不會因為本文件，而被拋棄、放棄、授權或受到其他影響。 b. 宣告者是以現狀之基礎提供本著作，且未聲明或提供關於本著作之任何保證，無論明示、默示、或是否為法律所規定，包含但不限於任何有關本著作權利之擔保、可商業性、是否符合某特定之目的、未侵害他人權利、不具有潛在或其他之缺陷、正確性、或不論能否被發現之存在或欠缺的錯誤，本項所有前述內容皆是在相關法律允許的最大範圍內予以提供。 c. 宣告者免責於排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用，包含但不限於任何人對本著作的著作權及其相關權利。再者，宣告者免責於取得任何必要的同意、允許或其他權利以使用本著作。 d. 宣告者了解並認知到Creative Commons並非本文件之當事人，且對於CC0或利用本著作不負任何責任或義務。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. Limitations and Disclaimers. a.No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document. b.Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law. c.Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work. d.Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.
|}

辭彙表

* CC0: CC0
* Universal: 通用
* Statement: 聲明、陳述
* Purpose: 目的、用途
* Statement of Purpose: 目的之聲明?
* copyright and related rights: 著作權及其相關權利
* work: 創作、作品、著作
* An original work of “authorship”: 原創性創作
* Work: 「著作」
* Owner: 權利人
* certain owner: 有些…之權利人
* Commons: 共享領域
* Incorporate in other works: 將該等著作收錄於其他著作中
* creative, cultural and scientific works:創意,文化及科學著作
* without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation: 沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期
* Affirmer: 宣告者
* apply to: 適用
* intended legal effect:將產生法律影響
* image or likeness: 形象或肖像
* publicity right: 形象權
* privacy right: 隱私權
* national implementations thereof: 國家對該等法律或條約的實施
* waive, abandon, surrender: 拋棄, 放棄－＞三者區別?
* claims and causes of action: 訴訟主張
* “Waiver”: 拋棄
* each member of the public: 公眾中的每一個人
* to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors: 有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益
* legal or equitable action: 依法或預防性訴訟
* public license fallback: 轉換為公眾授權
* invalid or ineffective: 都翻成「無效的」，無須區別?
* clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof: 排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用
* understands and acknowledges: 了解並認知

留下意見

請留下您的意見，如果您希望有進一步編輯本站或互動交流的機會，可以考慮申請 Wikidot 帳號。您亦可將意見寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText (Mandarin Chinese)

2012-12-11T22:28:26Z

Nkinkade:

Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText (Mandarin Chinese)

2012-12-11T22:27:42Z

Nkinkade: /* 辭彙表 */

本文列出目前 CCZero 通用版中文翻譯的稿件，歡迎留言提供意見，亦可寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

===內容===

{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 通用 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 Universal
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS不是法律事務所，亦不提供法律服務。散布本文件並不產生律師和客戶的關係。CREATIVE COMMONS在現狀的基礎上提供本資訊。CREATIVE COMMONS對於使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品不負保證責任，並免責於因使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品所產生的損害。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 目的之聲明 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Statement of Purpose
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 全球大多數司法管轄領域的法律，自動將專屬的著作權及其相關權利（定義如下）賦予原始創作及（或）資料庫（分別稱『著作』）之創作者及之後的權利人（個別及統稱『權利人』）。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work").
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 有些想要永久放棄「著作」權利之權利人，是為了將它貢獻到一個創意、文化及科學著作的共享領域（『本共享領域』）。在本共享領域中，公眾能安心地、無懼未來的侵權主張地、並以最大可能的自由形式及任何目的，包含但不限於商業目的，去修改、再利用、再散布這些著作及將該等著作收錄於其他著作中。這些權利人，會將該等著作貢獻到本共享領域中，是為了發揚自由文化的理想或進一步促進創意、文化及科學著作的產生、或部分藉由他人的使用及努力，來為自己贏得名聲或更廣泛地散布他們的著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 為了這些及/或其他目的和動機，且沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期下，以CC0結合本著作之人（『宣告者』），在他/她是本著作的著作權及其相關權利的權利人的範圍內，且在其了解到他/她對本著作的著作權及其相關權利和意義、及CC0對那些權利將產生法律影響的情形下，自願選擇將CC0適用在本著作上，且公開地依據CC0的條款來散布本著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1. 著作權及其相關權利。本著作依據CC0提供利用，可能受到著作權及其相關或鄰接權利（『著作權及其相關權利』）的保護。著作權及其相關權利包含但不限於下列權利：|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1.Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights ("Copyright and Related Rights"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i. 重製、改作、散布、表演、展示、傳達及翻譯本著作的權利； ii. 保留予原始著作人及/或表演人之著作人格權； iii. 於本著作中描繪、與某人的形象或肖像有關的形象權或隱私權； iv. 關於保護本著作免於受不正競爭的權利，需受到以下第4(a)點的限制； v. 保護摘錄、散播、利用及再利用本著作中之資料的權利； vi. 資料庫的權利（例如歐洲議會及理事會在1996年3月11日通過編號96/9/EC的『歐體資料庫法律保護指令』“Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases”，及產生自任何國家對此指令的實施，包含任何該指令的修改或後續版本）； vii. 其他遍及全球、基於相關法律或條約，及任何國家對該等法律或條約的實施下之相似、相等或一致的權利。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i.the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work; ii.moral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s); iii.publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work; iv.rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below; v.rights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work; vi.database rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and vii.other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. 拋棄。在被允許的最大範圍內，但不違反相關法律，宣告者於此公開地、完全地、永久地、不可撤回地及無條件地拋棄及放棄其對於本著作所有的著作權及其相關權利及相關聯的訴訟主張，不論現在已知或未知（包含現行及未來的訴訟主張），(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷之目的（『拋棄』）。 宣告者為「權利之拋棄」，是有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益，他完全了解且希望這樣的拋棄永遠不會成為撤回、撤銷、取消、終止或被其他任何法律認定為相關行為的客體，以免影響公眾基於本著作基於其明示的「目的之聲明」，對於本著作平和的享用，亦不會受到任何打擾。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3.轉換為公眾授權。若因為任何原因，「拋棄」的任一部分依據準據法，在法律上會被法院認定為無效，則該「拋棄」在宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」中，應在被允許的最大範圍內被考量。此外，在「拋棄」被如此裁定的範圍內，宣告者於此授與每位受影響者免權利金、不得移轉的、不得再授權的、非專屬的、不可撤回的及無條件的授權來實施宣告者對本著作的著作權及其相關權利，(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷的目的（『授權』）。該「授權」應被視為溯及自宣告者將CC0適用於本著作之日起生效。若因為任何原因該「授權」的任一部分在相關法律下被法院裁定為無效，該無效部份不因而使「授權」其餘部分亦無效，且在這個情況下，宣告者於此聲明他/她將不會(i)行使任何他/她對本著作剩餘的著作權及其相關權利或(ii)提起任何與本著作有關的相關聯訴訟主張，在前述(i)(ii)任一情形，本處之聲明並不會與宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」相違反。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. 限制及免除責任聲明。 a. 宣告者所擁有的商標權或專利權，不會因為本文件，而被拋棄、放棄、授權或受到其他影響。 b. 宣告者是以現狀之基礎提供本著作，且未聲明或提供關於本著作之任何保證，無論明示、默示、或是否為法律所規定，包含但不限於任何有關本著作權利之擔保、可商業性、是否符合某特定之目的、未侵害他人權利、不具有潛在或其他之缺陷、正確性、或不論能否被發現之存在或欠缺的錯誤，本項所有前述內容皆是在相關法律允許的最大範圍內予以提供。 c. 宣告者免責於排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用，包含但不限於任何人對本著作的著作權及其相關權利。再者，宣告者免責於取得任何必要的同意、允許或其他權利以使用本著作。 d. 宣告者了解並認知到Creative Commons並非本文件之當事人，且對於CC0或利用本著作不負任何責任或義務。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. Limitations and Disclaimers. a.No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document. b.Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law. c.Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work. d.Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.
|}

辭彙表

* CC0: CC0
* Universal: 通用
* Statement: 聲明、陳述
* Purpose: 目的、用途
* Statement of Purpose: 目的之聲明?
* copyright and related rights: 著作權及其相關權利
* work: 創作、作品、著作
* An original work of “authorship”: 原創性創作
* Work: 「著作」
* Owner: 權利人
* certain owner: 有些…之權利人
* Commons: 共享領域
* Incorporate in other works: 將該等著作收錄於其他著作中
* creative, cultural and scientific works:創意,文化及科學著作
* without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation: 沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期
* Affirmer: 宣告者
* apply to: 適用
* intended legal effect:將產生法律影響
* image or likeness: 形象或肖像
* publicity right: 形象權
* privacy right: 隱私權
* national implementations thereof: 國家對該等法律或條約的實施
* waive, abandon, surrender: 拋棄, 放棄－＞三者區別?
* claims and causes of action: 訴訟主張
* “Waiver”: 拋棄
* each member of the public: 公眾中的每一個人
* to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors: 有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益
* legal or equitable action: 依法或預防性訴訟
* public license fallback: 轉換為公眾授權
* invalid or ineffective: 都翻成「無效的」，無須區別?
* clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof: 排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用
* understands and acknowledges: 了解並認知

===留下意見===

請留下您的意見，如果您希望有進一步編輯本站或互動交流的機會，可以考慮申請 Wikidot 帳號。您亦可將意見寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText (Mandarin Chinese)

2012-12-11T22:25:49Z

Nkinkade:

本文列出目前 CCZero 通用版中文翻譯的稿件，歡迎留言提供意見，亦可寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

===內容===

{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 通用 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CC0 1.0 Universal
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS不是法律事務所，亦不提供法律服務。散布本文件並不產生律師和客戶的關係。CREATIVE COMMONS在現狀的基礎上提供本資訊。CREATIVE COMMONS對於使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品不負保證責任，並免責於因使用本文件、或依本文件所提供的資訊或作品所產生的損害。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS PROVIDED HEREUNDER.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 目的之聲明 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Statement of Purpose
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 全球大多數司法管轄領域的法律，自動將專屬的著作權及其相關權利（定義如下）賦予原始創作及（或）資料庫（分別稱『著作』）之創作者及之後的權利人（個別及統稱『權利人』）。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work").
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 有些想要永久放棄「著作」權利之權利人，是為了將它貢獻到一個創意、文化及科學著作的共享領域（『本共享領域』）。在本共享領域中，公眾能安心地、無懼未來的侵權主張地、並以最大可能的自由形式及任何目的，包含但不限於商業目的，去修改、再利用、再散布這些著作及將該等著作收錄於其他著作中。這些權利人，會將該等著作貢獻到本共享領域中，是為了發揚自由文化的理想或進一步促進創意、文化及科學著作的產生、或部分藉由他人的使用及努力，來為自己贏得名聲或更廣泛地散布他們的著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 為了這些及/或其他目的和動機，且沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期下，以CC0結合本著作之人（『宣告者』），在他/她是本著作的著作權及其相關權利的權利人的範圍內，且在其了解到他/她對本著作的著作權及其相關權利和意義、及CC0對那些權利將產生法律影響的情形下，自願選擇將CC0適用在本著作上，且公開地依據CC0的條款來散布本著作。|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1. 著作權及其相關權利。本著作依據CC0提供利用，可能受到著作權及其相關或鄰接權利（『著作權及其相關權利』）的保護。著作權及其相關權利包含但不限於下列權利：|| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 1.Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights ("Copyright and Related Rights"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i. 重製、改作、散布、表演、展示、傳達及翻譯本著作的權利； ii. 保留予原始著作人及/或表演人之著作人格權； iii. 於本著作中描繪、與某人的形象或肖像有關的形象權或隱私權； iv. 關於保護本著作免於受不正競爭的權利，需受到以下第4(a)點的限制； v. 保護摘錄、散播、利用及再利用本著作中之資料的權利； vi. 資料庫的權利（例如歐洲議會及理事會在1996年3月11日通過編號96/9/EC的『歐體資料庫法律保護指令』“Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases”，及產生自任何國家對此指令的實施，包含任何該指令的修改或後續版本）； vii. 其他遍及全球、基於相關法律或條約，及任何國家對該等法律或條約的實施下之相似、相等或一致的權利。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | i.the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work; ii.moral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s); iii.publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work; iv.rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below; v.rights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work; vi.database rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and vii.other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. 拋棄。在被允許的最大範圍內，但不違反相關法律，宣告者於此公開地、完全地、永久地、不可撤回地及無條件地拋棄及放棄其對於本著作所有的著作權及其相關權利及相關聯的訴訟主張，不論現在已知或未知（包含現行及未來的訴訟主張），(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷之目的（『拋棄』）。 宣告者為「權利之拋棄」，是有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益，他完全了解且希望這樣的拋棄永遠不會成為撤回、撤銷、取消、終止或被其他任何法律認定為相關行為的客體，以免影響公眾基於本著作基於其明示的「目的之聲明」，對於本著作平和的享用，亦不會受到任何打擾。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3.轉換為公眾授權。若因為任何原因，「拋棄」的任一部分依據準據法，在法律上會被法院認定為無效，則該「拋棄」在宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」中，應在被允許的最大範圍內被考量。此外，在「拋棄」被如此裁定的範圍內，宣告者於此授與每位受影響者免權利金、不得移轉的、不得再授權的、非專屬的、不可撤回的及無條件的授權來實施宣告者對本著作的著作權及其相關權利，(i)在遍及全球的領域，(ii)在相關法律及條約規定的最長存續期間（包含未來的延長期間），(iii)在任何現行或未來的媒介及任何數量的副本上，及(iv)為了任何目的，包含但不限於商業、廣告或促銷的目的（『授權』）。該「授權」應被視為溯及自宣告者將CC0適用於本著作之日起生效。若因為任何原因該「授權」的任一部分在相關法律下被法院裁定為無效，該無效部份不因而使「授權」其餘部分亦無效，且在這個情況下，宣告者於此聲明他/她將不會(i)行使任何他/她對本著作剩餘的著作權及其相關權利或(ii)提起任何與本著作有關的相關聯訴訟主張，在前述(i)(ii)任一情形，本處之聲明並不會與宣告者明示的「目的之聲明」相違反。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the "License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
|-
| style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. 限制及免除責任聲明。 a. 宣告者所擁有的商標權或專利權，不會因為本文件，而被拋棄、放棄、授權或受到其他影響。 b. 宣告者是以現狀之基礎提供本著作，且未聲明或提供關於本著作之任何保證，無論明示、默示、或是否為法律所規定，包含但不限於任何有關本著作權利之擔保、可商業性、是否符合某特定之目的、未侵害他人權利、不具有潛在或其他之缺陷、正確性、或不論能否被發現之存在或欠缺的錯誤，本項所有前述內容皆是在相關法律允許的最大範圍內予以提供。 c. 宣告者免責於排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用，包含但不限於任何人對本著作的著作權及其相關權利。再者，宣告者免責於取得任何必要的同意、允許或其他權利以使用本著作。 d. 宣告者了解並認知到Creative Commons並非本文件之當事人，且對於CC0或利用本著作不負任何責任或義務。 || style="padding: 1ex; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid darkgray;" | 4. Limitations and Disclaimers. a.No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document. b.Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law. c.Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work. d.Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.
|}

===辭彙表===

* CC0: CC0
* Universal: 通用
* Statement: 聲明、陳述
* Purpose: 目的、用途
* Statement of Purpose: 目的之聲明?
* copyright and related rights: 著作權及其相關權利
* work: 創作、作品、著作
* An original work of “authorship”: 原創性創作
* Work: 「著作」
* Owner: 權利人
* certain owner: 有些…之權利人
* Commons: 共享領域
* Incorporate in other works: 將該等著作收錄於其他著作中
* creative, cultural and scientific works:創意,文化及科學著作
* without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation: 沒有任何額外考量或補償的預期
* Affirmer: 宣告者
* apply to: 適用
* intended legal effect:將產生法律影響
* image or likeness: 形象或肖像
* publicity right: 形象權
* privacy right: 隱私權
* national implementations thereof: 國家對該等法律或條約的實施
* waive, abandon, surrender: 拋棄, 放棄－＞三者區別?
* claims and causes of action: 訴訟主張
* “Waiver”: 拋棄
* each member of the public: 公眾中的每一個人
* to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors: 有利於公眾中的每一個人，且會損及自己繼承者之利益
* legal or equitable action: 依法或預防性訴訟
* public license fallback: 轉換為公眾授權
* invalid or ineffective: 都翻成「無效的」，無須區別?
* clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof: 排除他人可能對本著作主張的權利或任何對本著作的使用
* understands and acknowledges: 了解並認知

===留下意見===

請留下您的意見，如果您希望有進一步編輯本站或互動交流的機會，可以考慮申請 Wikidot 帳號。您亦可將意見寄往 contact @ creativecommons.org.tw

Publicdomain/zero/1.0/LegalText (Mandarin Chinese)

2012-12-11T22:18:02Z

Nkinkade: Created page with "<style type="text/css"> td.cc0_zh-tw { padding: 1em; border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top; } </style> 本文列出目前 CCZero 通用版中文翻譯的稿件，歡迎..."

Case Studies/Whitehouse.gov

2012-10-01T22:22:33Z

Nkinkade: Reverted edits by Humtum (talk) to last revision by Nate1481

{{Case Study
|Description=www.whitehouse.gov is the official website of United States’ President Barack Obama and his Administration.
|Mainurl=http://www.whitehouse.gov
|Author=United States Government
|User_Status=Curator, Creator
|Tag=government, whitehouse, public sector information, technical details
|Format=Image, Text, MovingImage
|Country=United States
|Quote=Our commitment to openness means more than simply informing the American people how decisions are made. It means recognizing that government does not have all the answers, and that public officials need to draw on what citizens know.
|Quote_Attribution=President Barak Obama, 1/21/09, http://www.whitehouse.gov/ope/
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/1/1f/Us-whitehouse-logo.jpg
|Image_attribution=whitehouse.gov
|Image_license=http://www.whitehouse.gov/copyright
}}
== Overview ==

The United States of America’s President Barack Obama was sworn in on the 20th of January 2009 after being elected on the 4th of November 2008 to be the 44th leader of the American people. During the period between election and inauguration, the President elect’s transitional website (www.change.gov) was licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Licence.<ref name=”test”> [http://change.gov/about/copyright_policy The Office of the President Elect, Copyright Notice] (2008) at 19 March 2009.</ref> This meant that all content posted by the President elect, his team and any contributors was subject to this licence. During his inauguration, at 12:01pm on the 20th of January 2009, President Barack Obama launched the whitehouse.gov website, the official website of the Obama-Biden Administration also incorporating the same Creative Commons licence (see below).<ref name="test">Benenson, F [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/12267 Whitehouse.gov’s 3rd Party Content Under CC-BY] (2009) Creative Commons, at 20 March 2009. </ref>

Visitors to whitehouse.gov can choose to view information from a variety of categories, these being:
* “The Briefing Room” which includes the White House Blog, weekly addresses, slideshows, speeches and official statements from the Obama-Biden Administration;
* “The Agenda” which lists the “Obama-Biden Administration’s positions on everything from healthcare and the economy to alternative energy and foreign policy”;
* “The Administration”, which as the name suggests, provides information about the various key figures in the current Administration;
* “About the White House” which provides a historical overview of the US Government; and
* “Our Government” which discusses democracy in the form of the various branches of government.

Of the above, perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of the site is the White House blog. The White House blog discusses various events from spring gardening with the First Lady to live blogs of the Vice President’s meeting of the Middle Class Task Force for green jobs. The White House blog is the US Government’s tool to keeping the American people in-step with the most recent developments in politics, and is pitched on the site as offering exactly that - the “Latest News & Updates”.

After visiting the site, it is easy to observe that the US Government’s goal in maintaining whitehouse.gov is to appear connected with its people. This is apparent from the weekly addresses, slideshows and constant blogging, which aim to create a sense of unity and inclusion for the American community. In teaming with this theme, the Office of Public Liaisons which can be accessed from the website’s Administration tab, offers an opportunity for the American people to give the Obama-Biden Administration feedback and suggestions on running the country. The idea behind this is obvious – “to take the Administration out of Washington and into communities across America, stimulating honest dialogue and ensuring that America's citizens and their elected officials have a government that works effectively for them and with them.” This initiative works in accordance with the idea of using the Creative Commons licence, and building a democracy based on true public participation, and will be discussed in detail below.

== Statistics ==

In March 2009, average weekly traffic rankings for whitehouse.gov were 3,080 people which had increased by an average of 2,729 people per week, for three months. From these users, 72.5% came from the United States of America.

== Licence Usage ==

Pursuant to the United States of America Code, Title 17, s 105, “copyright protection…is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.” As a result, the information posted by any of the Obama-Biden Administration on the whitehouse.gov site is not capable of being protected by copyright law.

However, this rule does not apply to third party content posted to on whitehouse.gov. Therefore, to align with the open principles of the website, people posting material to the site are required to license that material under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. The White House copyright policy states that as a result “visitors to this website agree to grant a non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license to the rest of the world for their submissions to whitehouse.gov.”<ref name=”test”> [http://www.whitehouse.gov/copyright/ The White House, Copyright Notice] (2009) at 20 March 2009. </ref> This licence enables visitors to the site to copy, distribute, display or perform any of the text or images contained in the site, as well as to make derivative works of these. The only condition to such use is that visitors must attribute the work remixed, copied, distributed, displayed or performed to the author but not in such a way as to imply that the author has endorsed the derivative work.

This licence is the widest Creative Commons licence available that doesn’t give away all rights of the author. There are no restrictions with respect to using any material in a commercial manner, neither are there any restrictions about share-alike conditions. The use of this licence reflects the prohibition that copyright protection (of any kind) is not afforded to the United States Government or its products. In the event that a more onerous Creative Commons licence was imposed on Third Party content, this may be argued as being out of line with this principle.

== Motivations ==

Creative Commons licensing enables the Obama-Biden Administration to work collaboratively with the American people, and demonstrates a genuine focus on democratic participation in the running of the country. The ability to take information from the site with only an obligation to attribute it to the author means that visitors to the site can be fully informed and in turn can fully inform others. Additionally, this process means that the circulation of inaccurate material is kept to a minimum because of the openness of the collaboration process.

Furthermore, after receiving a great response from using a Creative Commons licence on his change.gov site (even though the content contained was copyrightable at the time given that it was not US governmental material yet), President Obama’s choice to continue with the Creative Commons license for whitehouse.gov was strategically logical. Choosing to use the Creative Commons licence clearly influenced and reached out to those sectors of the community who were in tune with current creative technological advancements, and whose attention may not have been attracted otherwise. Creative Commons blogger, Fred Benenson encouraged the use of Creative Commons by President Obama, as did others with comments like “Thank you again, Mr President,” and “How awesome” posted on blogs all over the internet. The clearly favourable responses from the American people to the use of a Creative Commons licence on whitehouse.gov, indicates that the President’s team was successful in utilizing the licence to create a truly democratic process in a creative online environment. The political results of this move are a clear motivation for the use of the Creative Commons licence.

Finally, the convenience of the archiving process of the website has been made abundantly simpler given the use of the Creative Commons Licence. As one blogger put it, using a CC licence for 3rd party material on whitehouse.gov “would make the archiving of the website a much easier proposition.” Obviously the ability to forego any copyright processes and other such records would be a motivation for the maintainers of whitehouse.gov given that the site will encourage high traffic and be in use for the entire term of President Obama.

It can be gathered from comments by the administration on the site, and in particular those on the site of the Office of Public Liaison, that the current US Government is legitimately interested in generating public interest around policy issues in order to build a greater democracy.

== Technical Details ==
Whitehouse.gov has implemented the license image and linked to the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States deed. The license can be found on the [http://www.whitehouse.gov/copyright Copyright Policy page]:

[[Image:whitehouse1.png|link=http://www.whitehouse.gov/copyright|border]]

Whitehouse.gov has not implemented any of the [[CC REL]] license metadata specification. The code below generates the license mark above:

<code><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/"><img src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/us/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a>
Except where otherwise noted, third-party content on this site is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>. Visitors to this website agree to grant a non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license to the rest of the world for their submissions to <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/">Whitehouse.gov</a> under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>.
</nowiki></code> 

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:Public domain]]
[[Category:Opensource]]

Case Studies

2012-10-01T22:21:15Z

Nkinkade: Reverted edits by Nico23 (talk) to last revision by Mike Linksvayer

[[Image:Casestudies-splash.jpg|link=Case Studies]]

<div style="font-size:125%; line-height:1.75em; margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:justify;">Whether you're looking for inspiration, business models, or precedents, the CC Case Studies are a perfect place to start. Help us expand this resource by sharing your work and telling your story. Exceptional and well-written case studies could be included in upcoming publications and research, such as [http://thepowerofopen.org/ The Power of Open]. </div>
<div style="float: left; width: 47%; margin-right: 3%;">
== Featured Case Studies ==

{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Has quality::A-Class]][[Has importance::High]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more high quality Case Studies}}

</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 46%; margin-right: 2%">
<h2>[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:BrowseData/Casestudy?_single Browse all]</h2>
*'''[[Government_use_of_Creative_Commons|Government Usage]]'''
*'''[[OER_Case_Studies|Open Educational Resources (OER)]]'''
*'''[[Data]]'''
*'''[[Photography]]'''
*'''[[Filmmaker|Film]]'''
*'''[[GLAM|GLAM: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums]]'''
*'''[[Journalism]]'''
*'''[[Musician|Music]]'''
*'''[[Writer|Literature]]'''
*'''[[Social_Justice|Social Justice]]'''
*'''[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:SearchByProperty?title=Special:SearchByProperty&property=Tag&value=technical+details Technical Case Study]'''

Or run a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Special:Ask&offset=0&limit=20&q=%5B%5BCategory%3ACasestudy%5D%5D&p=format%3Dbroadtable&po=%3FAuthor%0A%3FFormat%0A%3FCountry%0A&order=ASC&eq=yes custom Case Study query]

There are currently '''{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]]|format=count}}''' case studies in the
database.

=== Add a case study ===
{{#forminput:Case_Study|30|Case study name|Add or edit|super_page=Case_Studies}}
===Evaluations===
Help to [[Case_Studies/Evaluation|evaluate or improve]] the quality of these Case Studies.

===Translate a Case Study ===
[[CC Wiki:Translate|Add translations]] for these Case Studies.

=== Wanted List ===
Have an idea for a case study but can't execute? Add your request to [[Talk:Case_Studies]].

 
<h2 style="border-bottom:1px solid #b0b0b0; margin-bottom:10px;">Get the book that seeded this database: Building an Australasian Commons</h2>
[[Image:Building_an_australassian_commons_thumbnail.jpg‎|left|160px|link=http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1]]
<div style="margin-left:200px;">
[http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1 Building an Australasian Commons] has been produced by [http://creativecommons.org.au Creative Commons Australia] to highlight case studies from the Australasian region.
</div>

{| border="0" style="background:transparent; margin: auto;float:right;"
|-
|
[http://creativecommons.org http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/52/Cc_logo_small.jpg]
||
[http://creativecommons.org.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/6/6b/Cc_au_logo_small.jpg]
||
[http://www.cci.edu.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/c6/Cci_small.jpg]
|}
 

{{Translations
| articles = Pt:Casos de Estudo,Ru:Case Studies
}}

[[Category:Metrics]]
[[Category:Project]]

__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:57:37Z

Nkinkade:

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered over the Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important.

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction.

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum or library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one respect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM has over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be.

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more.

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so.

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We encourage you to take advantage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps and precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

{{Translations
| articles = Zh-tw:PDM_常見問題
}}

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:27:45Z

Nkinkade: Protected "PDM FAQ": Excessive spamming (‎[edit=sysop] (indefinite) ‎[move=sysop] (indefinite))

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:21:55Z

Nkinkade:

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:18:52Z

Nkinkade: Removed more spam.

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered over the Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important.

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction.

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum or library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be.

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more.

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so.

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:16:29Z

Nkinkade:

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered over the Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important.

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. Note, You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction. For example, do not hesitate to play and learn with the professionnal !

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum or library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be.

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more.

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so.

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:09:45Z

Nkinkade:

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered over the Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important.

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. Note, You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

To summary, anyone can do it

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction. For example, do not hesitate to play and learn with the professionnal !

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

We adverse you to really use the PDM Chooser for will really lead you !

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum or library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be.

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more. Don"t forget to visit the two best French ressource about that : [http://www.blackjack-france.fr/ French blackjack website] [http://www.sevilla2020.org/ Sevilla2020] [http://xn--assurancesant-nhb.org/ Mutuelle santé] and [http://unelettredemotivation.fr/ Lettredemotivation]

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so. Once again one of the best ressource about that is a french website : [http://www.parasol-factory.com/ Parasol]

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

Do not hesitate to contact us for more informations

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:07:39Z

Nkinkade: Undo revision 59173 by Pierredescour (talk)

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered over the Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important, really important..

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. Note, You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

To summary, anyone can do it

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction. For example, do not hesitate to play and learn with the professionnal !

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

We adverse you to really use the PDM Chooser for will really lead you !

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although, the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum, library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be...

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more. Don"t forget to visit the two best French ressource about that : [http://www.blackjack-france.fr/ French blackjack website] [http://www.sevilla2020.org/ Sevilla2020] [http://xn--assurancesant-nhb.org/ Mutuelle santé] and [http://unelettredemotivation.fr/ Lettredemotivation]

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so. Once again one of the best ressource about that is a french website : [http://www.parasol-factory.com/ Parasol]

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We really encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

Do not hesitate to contact us for more informations

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:06:52Z

Nkinkade: Undo revision 59174 by Pierredescour (talk)

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered [http://mutuelle-mutuelles.fr/ mutuelle] over the whole Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important, really important..

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. Note, You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

To summary, anyone can do it

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction. For example, do not hesitate to play and learn with the professionnal !

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

We adverse you to really use the PDM Chooser for will really lead you !

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although, the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum, library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be...

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more. Don"t forget to visit the two best French ressource about that : [http://www.blackjack-france.fr/ French blackjack website] [http://www.sevilla2020.org/ Sevilla2020] [http://xn--assurancesant-nhb.org/ Mutuelle santé] and [http://unelettredemotivation.fr/ Lettredemotivation]

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so. Once again one of the best ressource about that is a french website : [http://www.parasol-factory.com/ Parasol]

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We really encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

Do not hesitate to contact us for more informations

PDM FAQ

2012-09-19T13:05:46Z

Nkinkade: Undo revision 59188 by Pierredescour (talk)

[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:PDM]]
[[Category:Public domain]]

These Public Domain Mark FAQs contain information that you should familiarize yourself with before applying the Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) to a work, or before using a work that is marked with the PDM. The information provided below is not exhaustive – it may not cover important issues that could affect you.
__TOC__
These FAQs are intended to supplement, not replace, our existing [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ FAQs] and our [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0 FAQs]. You are encouraged to review those FAQs before using the PDM or any of our other legal tools or licenses. You should also read the PDM deed carefully, as well as the information linked to from the deed. The deed and supplemental information contain important information about the work that has been marked, and should be fully understood before you apply it to a work or use a PDM-marked work.

Please note: '''Creative Commons does not provide legal advice.''' The information provided below is not a substitute for legal advice and is not complete. Please consult your own legal advisor if you have any questions or concerns about the information provided below, about the Public Domain Mark or about Creative Commons licenses and tools generally.

=== Questions about the Public Domain Mark generally ===

==== What is the Public Domain Mark? ====

The Public Domain Mark (“PDM”) is a tool that allows anyone to mark and tag a work that is free of known copyright restrictions worldwide, all in a way that clearly communicates that status to the public and allows it to be easily discoverable. The PDM is not a legal instrument like CC0 or our licenses; there is no accompanying legal code or agreement. It should only be used to label a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions around the world, typically very old works. It should not be used to attempt to change a work’s current status under copyright law, or affect any person’s rights in a work. Just like CC0 and our licenses, PDM has a metadata-supported deed and is machine readable, allowing works properly tagged to be readily discovered [http://mutuelle-mutuelles.fr/ mutuelle] over the whole Internet.

==== How does it work? ====

Anyone can use the PDM to mark a work that is free of known copyright restrictions. Information about the work, its author(s), and the person marking the work is supplied through our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] and embedded in the HTML generated for the work. When supplied, this information may help users of the work evaluate the copyright status of the work for themselves, and learn more about the work. Again, please keep in mind that the PDM does not affect the legal status of the work or the legal rights of the author, the person identifying it or others. The PDM serves a marking and labeling function only.

====What is the difference between the PDM and CC0?====

PDM and CC0 differ in important respects and have distinct purposes. CC0 is intended for use only by authors or holders of copyright and related or neighboring rights (including sui generis database rights), in connection with '''works that are still subject to those rights''' in one or more jurisdictions. PDM, on the other hand, can be used by anyone, and is intended for use with''' works that are already free of known copyright restrictions throughout the world'''.

The tools also differ in terms of their effect when applied to a work. CC0 is legally operative in the sense that when it is applied, it changes the copyright status of the work, effectively relinquishing all copyright and related or neighboring rights worldwide. PDM is not legally operative in any respect – it is intended to function as a label, marking a work that is already free of known copyright restrictions worldwide. Learn more about [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ CC0].

====Can I use the PDM with data, such as metadata? What about databases?====

Yes, PDM can be applied to any work that is free of known copyright restrictions. This means, for example, that you can use PDM to mark [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Metadata metadata], which is data about data, if the metadata is not copyrightable or otherwise free of copyright. For example, whether or not a photograph is still protected by copyright, metadata that describes the photograph may be unprotected by copyright. In that instance, PDM could be applied to the metadata itself.

PDM can also be applied to databases that are not protected by copyright, including databases containing metadata. The treatment of databases under copyright law varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however, sometimes dramatically. Additionally, databases are also granted sui generis protection in some jurisdictions, which may limit the ability to extract and/or reuse information from the database even if the information itself in the public domain. If you are uncertain whether a database is protected by copyright around the world, then you should not mark the database itself with the PDM, but could use PDM to mark unprotected content in the database.

If you are the creator or maker of a database and want to ensure that anyone can freely extract and reuse content (subject, of course, to other rights that may apply to the contents of the database such as a photograjph still under copyright), then you may wish to consider using CC0 to waive all of your copyright and sui generis database rights in the database itself. In all cases, clearly marking and labeling the works to which PDM and CC0 apply is important, really important..

==== What about CC’s Public Domain Dedication and Certification? Can that tool still be used? ====

With the launch of the PDM, Creative Commons is officially deprecating its Public Domain Dedication and Certification (“PDDC”). CC no longer recommends the PDDC for use in any situation. The PDDC had served the dual purposes of allowing a copyright holder to dedicate a work to the public domain, and to mark and certify a work as being in the public domain. We discovered that having a single tool performing both functions was confusing, among other things. In early 2008, we published [http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0 CC0] to take on the dedication function the PDDC had been performing. We [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 announced] at that time that we would be working to improve the way people mark or “tag” a work with information relevant to a work’s public domain status. The PDM is that improved tool. The PDM now assumes the marking and tagging function previously served by PDDC, thereby replacing the PDDC as the recommended tool of choice for doing so.

For those who have used the PDDC to date, you can remain confident that CC will continue to support and serve the PDDC deed.

If you need to certify your public domain dedication, you may visit a service provider such as [http://www.registeredcommons.org RegisteredCommons].

=== Questions for those thinking about applying the PDM to a work ===

==== Who can apply the Public Domain Mark to a work? ====

Anyone who believes a work is free of known copyright restrictions may use the PDM. Keep in mind, however, that the PDM is recommended only for works that are free of known copyright restrictions around the world. Note, You should not apply the PDM to works that you know are only in the public domain in a limited number of jurisdictions. We anticipate that most of the time, the PDM in its current form will only be applied to very old works.

To summary, anyone can do it

==== If I apply the PDM to a work, am I warranting or promising that the work is free of copyright around the world? ====

No, not unless the law otherwise provides or you want to provide a separate warranty to that effect. Like all CC legal tools, the PDM deed includes express disclaimers of warranties and liabilities, to the extent those are enforceable under applicable laws. Additionally, the PDM deed puts users on notice that the work may not be free of copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions. That notice is intended to caution would-be users of the work that it can be difficult to account for all laws and all possible underlying factual circumstances that impact the copyright status of a particular work in every jurisdiction. For example, do not hesitate to play and learn with the professionnal !

Notwithstanding the disclaimers and notice, if you know that a work you would like to mark is still in copyright in one or more jurisdictions, please do not apply the PDM. We are working on other means for marking works that are in the public domain in some jurisdictions while still restricted by copyright in others, and hope to publish that soon.

==== How do I apply the PDM to a work? ====

Our [http://creativecommons.org/choose/mark PDM Chooser] will lead you through process. When completed, you will be provided with HTML code that you can copy and paste into your website. Please be aware that it is up to you, the person identifying the work, to publish the work marked with the PDM to your website or elsewhere. Creative Commons does not publish any works and cannot accept responsibility for doing so.

We adverse you to really use the PDM Chooser for will really lead you !

==== What are the benefits of including the information requested by the PDM Chooser? ====

The information you provide when using the PDM Chooser will be included in the rendered PDM deed that is linked to the work, as well as included in the machine-readable code. Potential users of the work can then use that information to find out more about the work and its status. Although, the information fields are optional, we encourage you to provide all of the information you can for the benefit of users.

==== Does the PDM require those using a work I have marked to give me credit? Or the author? ====

No, there is no credit or attribution requirement, either for the person marking the work or the original author of the work. However, this does not mean that you cannot ask others to give you credit for your effort digitizing and/or marking the work in accordance with community or professional norms and standards.

PDM makes it very easy for users to cite the work itself. If information about the author and work is supplied during the PDM Chooser stage, an HTML citation box will appear on the deed. Users of the work can easily copy the code contained in the box and paste it into the webpage where the work is being used, providing citation information. We encourage everyone identifying works using the PDM Chooser to supply that information about [http://mutuelle-mutuelles.fr/mutuelle-sante/ mutuelle sante]; and whenever made available, we encourage users of PDM-marked works to use the ready-to-use citation information.

=== Questions for those thinking about using a PDM-marked work ===

==== Can anyone use a work that is marked using the PDM? ====

Yes, the PDM doesn’t restrict who may use a marked work. Generally, any work free of copyright restrictions can be used for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking anyone’s permission first. Note, [http://www.forfait-mobile.info comparatif forfait mobile] however, that the PDM deed identifies some important caveats under '''Other Information''' that all would-be users of the work should understand. Among others, it’s possible that a work marked using PDM is not free of all copyright restrictions in all jurisdictions around the world, or that other laws outside of copyright restrict how the work may be used. Read more about these possibilities and others, below.

If you are in doubt about whether or how you can use a PDM-marked work, you should consult with your legal advisor.

==== Am I really free to use a work marked with the PDM anyway I want, anywhere in the world? ====

Like all works that are labeled “free of known copyright restrictions,” “in the public domain” or similar – including works published on the Flickr Commons, museum, library websites or elsewhere – the answer is simple: “It depends.” In this one rjespect, PDM is no different than any other public domain marking system. That said, one of the most important advantages PDM hask over other systems is that the deed alerts would-be users of a work to '''some''' of the important, potential limitations on their ability to use the work.

These potential limitations and caveats are highlighted on the PDM deed under '''Other Information'''. Users are strongly encouraged to review and understand those in advance of using a PDM-marked work (or any other work characterized as part of the public domain, for that matter).

==== Why might a free of copyright restrictions in one jurisdiction not be free of copyright restrictions everywhere? ====

Copyright laws around the world vary; there is no harmonized or standardized copyright law that all jurisdictions follow for purposes of determining when a work is no longer restricted by copyright. Additionally, circumstances causing a work to become part of the public domain under the laws of one jurisdiction may not cause a similar result under others’ laws. Thus, the identical work may be restricted by copyright in some jurisdictions while free of copyright in others.

A work may have this limited or “hybrid” public domain status for a variety of reasons. Some jurisdictions have unusually long copyright terms, which may mean that a work free from copyright restrictions most everywhere else in the world may still be protected by the copyright laws of that particular country. Sometimes a work is no longer restricted by copyright in a jurisdiction because the author or owner failed to comply with formalities such as renewal of registration or publication with notice, where those formalities apply. It could also be the case that certain categories of works are not protected by copyright by operation of law in a particular [http://www.faresoldisuinternet.com/ fare soldi] jurisdiction, but may be afforded protection under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions. This is the case, for example, with [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml U.S. government works].

CC does not recommend the current version of PDM for works with are in public domain in some jurisdictions but known to be restricted by copyright in others. Even when this recommendation is followed, however, you should be aware that the possibility still exists. We choose to alert would-be users to that possibility up front, however remote it may be...

==== What practices do those who apply PDM to works use to arrive at a determination that a work is free of known copyright? ====

That will depend. CC has not established standards, expectations or even suggested practices for those choosing to apply the mark. Nor are we qualified to do so. Every institution and individual applying the mark must exercise their own judgment for marking works they wish to indicate are free of known copyright. Our hope is that those practices will be published widely and made transparent so that would-be users of PDM-marked works are able to understand the review that was undertaken. We also encourage potential users of PDM-marked works to inquire about those practices with the identifying institution or individual if they want to know more. Don"t forget to visit the two best French ressource about that : [http://www.blackjack-france.fr/ French blackjack website] [http://www.sevilla2020.org/ Sevilla2020] [http://xn--assurancesant-nhb.org/ Mutuelle santé] and [http://unelettredemotivation.fr/ Lettredemotivation]

Unless otherwise stated to the contrary, however, the person applying the PDM to a work is not guaranteeing anything about it, including what processes or diligence they engaged in before applying the PDM to a work. Creative Commons does not verify the copyright status of works to which the Public Domain Mark has been applied.

==== Are there other laws I should be aware of that might restrict my ability to use a PDM-marked work? ====

Probably. PDM is focused exclusively on copyright law and related and [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ#What_are_neighboring_rights.3F neighboring rights]. It does not address the applicability (or inapplicability) of other laws, except to alert users that use of the work may be otherwise regulated or limited. For example, if the work contains an image or likeness of a person or their voice, privacy or [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Faq#When_are_publicity_rights_relevant.3F publicity rights] may be implicated in some jurisdictions. Similarly, personal data protections laws could come into play depending on the nature of the work, its contents and the particular jurisdiction.

The freedom that comes with using a work in the public domain doesn’t extend to uses that may violate other applicable laws. Just as with works licensed under a CC license, you should be cognizant of other laws that may apply to your particular uses of a work.

==== Am I required to attribute the author of the work, or the person who applied the PDM to the work? ====

No, there is no legal requirement that you credit the author of the original work or the person who identified the work, only a request that you do so voluntarily if requested and the means are provided for doing so. Once again one of the best ressource about that is a french website : [http://www.parasol-factory.com/ Parasol]

For purposes of author/work citation, the PDM deed provides HTML code that can be copy and pasted into a webpage to easily cite the author and the work if the person who marked the worked provided that information. We really encourage you to take advanthage of this copy/paste citation feature whenever possible.

==== How can I be sure that I can use the work as I would like? ====

The Public Domain Mark contains a disclaimer of warranties just like our licenses and CC0, so there is no assurance whatsoever that the work is free of all copyright restrictions in every jurisdiction around the world just because the mark is applied. You should also be aware of restrictions or limitations beyond copyright that may apply, such privacy, publicity, personal data laws and the like.

If you are in doubt, then we strongly recommend you not use the work until you have taken all the steps ankd precautions you feel you need to before doing so, which may include contacting the person who applied the PDM to the work and consulting legal counsel.

Do not hesitate to contact us for more informations

Conference

2012-08-10T13:13:13Z

Nkinkade:

Creative Commons is a small nonprofit. CC presents at several conferences a year, but our formal staff is limited. We often need other CC community members to help us at conferences by helping present projects, fliers, and other issues. Also, this is a great way to get into your favorite conference for free!

Check out our schedule and contact us if you want to get involved handing out swag and manning the booth. Also, make sure to subscribe to our [http://www.creativecommons.org/weblog webblog] where we will be sure to post about upcoming conferences/volunteer opportunities.

== Upcoming Conferences ==

*[[CC Nordic meeting]]
**Oct 23-25
**Stockholm, Sweden

*[[CCi Legal Day 2008]]
**July 29
**Sapporo, Japan
----

== Info Cheat Sheet ==

* Link to this PDF

Conference

2012-08-10T13:10:34Z

Nkinkade: Reverted edits by Caro57 (talk) to last revision by Taralushi

Core developer introduction

2012-08-07T16:25:45Z

Nkinkade:

[[Category:CC_Tech_Handbook]]

== First week or two: getting acclimated ==

=== Server / git access ===
* Generate SSH key
* Coordinate with nkinkade about getting on servers
* Coordinate about getting git access

=== Get cc packages set up with zc.buildout ===

Do git checkouts *via ssh* for all of these packages:

* cc.license
* cc.licenserdf
* cc.engine
* cc.i18n
* cc.api
* cc.deedscraper

You should then set up zc.buildout. For more about what zc.buildout
is, let's talk on the phone.

python bootstrap.py && ./bin/buildout

=== Get server running ===

In cc.engine:

./bin/paster serve cc.engine.ini --reload

=== Get cross-package virtualenv working ===

http://labs.creativecommons.org/2010/03/16/using-virtualenv-and-zc-buildout-together/

This will be important when you have to work on multiple packages that
affect each other at once.

=== Reading materials ===

You aren't expected to completely grasp all of this immediately.

* Read the cc.engine docs/ materials
* Read the RDFa primer: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-rdfa-primer/
* Play with http://creativecommons.org/choose/ and see how the output there has RDFa embedded in it
* ... don't bother reading the RDF primer immediately, let's talk about it on the phone
* http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_REL
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_namespace
* Read: http://labs.creativecommons.org/2009/12/18/understanding-the-state-of-sanity-via-whiteboards-and-ascii-art/
* Read: http://labs.creativecommons.org/2010/01/06/caching-deeds-for-peak-performance/
* If you get stuck on git, http://progit.org/book/ is really great.

Some general CC pages you should read:

* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
* All sections on http://creativecommons.org/about
* The FAQ http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ
* The CC0 FAQ http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_FAQ
* The Public Domain Mark FAQ http://wiki.creativecommons.org/PDM_FAQ

== Backups! ==

You should have the machine you work on have backups done regularly and automatically. We have some in-house backup machines, but you can backup locally, even to an external drive. You just need to backup your data.

Some of us like using Dirvish for this.

== Start working on tickets ==

EG, with Jon Palecek, we're starting with:

http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Clarity_Project

Talk and pick out the appropriate tickets

Source Repository Information

2012-08-07T16:25:26Z

Nkinkade:

[[Category:Developer]]
[[Category:CC_Tech_Handbook]]

Creative Commons uses [http://subversion.tigris.org Subversion] and [http://git.or.cz/ Git] repositories at http://code.creativecommons.org for source code management. Subversion (svn) clients are included with Linux and Mac OS X. Windows users can use [http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/ Tortoise SVN].

ccPublisher and some dependencies are still housed at [[CcTools Berlios|Berlios.de]]; those modules will be moved to code.creativecommons.org eventually.

== Checking Out Source ==

=== code.creativecommons.org ===

We moved our primary source repository from Sourceforge.net to code.creativecommons.org in March, 2008. Note that we only support public key authentication for our repositories.

==== Subversion====

* [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewsvn web view]
* [http://code.creativecommons.org/svnroot read-only repository]
* writeable checkout:
$svn co svn+ssh://svn@code.creativecommons.org/svnroot/project
* write permission: email webmaster@creativecommons.org with your public key; if you had write permission at Sourceforge, please include your sourceforge.net username so we can map your key correctly.

==== Git====

* [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit web view]
* read-only access:
$git clone git://code.creativecommons.org/cc.license.git
* read/write access:
$git clone git@code.creativecommons.org:cc.license

=== Berlios.de ===

See the [http://developer.berlios.de/svn/?group_id=5272 ccTools Subversion Information] page for details on checking out code hosted at Berlios (ccPublisher).

== Repositories ==

== Available Modules ==

=== svn ===

The Subversion repository contains the following modules:

<table align="left" valign="top" style="float:none;">
<tr><th>module name </th><th>description</th></tr>
<tr><td>__cvs_import/</td><td>Inactive modules imported to Subversion from CVS circa 2005 (from sourceforge.net).</td></tr>
<tr><td>adobe_panel/</td><td>XMP license panel for legacy Adobe products</td></tr>
<tr><td>api/</td><td>CC API; now developed in git (cc.api)</td></tr>
<tr><td>api_client/</td><td>Wrappers for the API in Python, Java, etc; unmaintained.</td></tr>
<tr><td>asheesh_oneoffs/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>autocurate/</td><td>Scripts to generate packages of content from sites like Flickr, etc, used for LiveCD.</td></tr>
<tr><td>banshee-license-verifier-plugin/</td><td>GSOC project: plugin for Banshee to verify web statement metadata pointed to in MP3 ID3 tags.</td></tr>
<tr><td>bbpress/</td><td>Tracking repository of bbpress</td></tr>
<tr><td>blog_analysis/</td><td>Return top blogs pointing to CC, as reported by Technorati. Used for targeted outreach.</td></tr>
<tr><td>buildout_script/</td><td>Buildout recipe for doing string substitution in script templates</td></tr>
<tr><td>campaign_widget/</td><td>Annual campaign javascript widget</td></tr>
<tr><td>cc-content.deb/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>cc-sharp/</td><td>C# model for CC licenses</td></tr>
<tr><td>cc.engine/</td><td>License engine; now developed in git (cc.license)</td></tr>
<tr><td>cc.license/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>ccbanshee/</td><td>GSOC project: Banshee plugin for displaying license information</td></tr>
<tr><td>cchost/</td><td>Legacy repository for CCHost, platform developed for CC Mixter</td></tr>
<tr><td>cci/</td><td>WordPress for legacy iCommons website</td></tr>
<tr><td>cclabs/</td><td>Legacy CC Labs experiments (DHTML chooser, et al)</td></tr>
<tr><td>cclib/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>cclicense/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>[[CcLookup|cclookup]]/</td><td>wxPython application for verifying web statements embedded in media files</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[CcNutch|ccnutch]]/</td><td>Nutch + cc search customizations</td></tr>
<tr><td>ccoer/</td><td>Early prototype of DiscoverEd, based on Scuttle</td></tr>
<tr><td>ccooo/</td><td>OpenOffice.org add-on, now developed in git.</td></tr>
<tr><td>ccpublisher1/</td><td>CC Publisher 1.x; 2.x code lives in the berlios.de repository/td></tr>
<tr><td>ccrdf/</td><td>A Python wrapper for CC Licenses</td></tr>
<tr><td>ccsearch/</td><td>CC Meta-search</td></tr>
<tr><td>cctagutils/</td><td>Python library for reading and writing CC's suggested web statements</td></tr>
<tr><td>ccwordpress/</td><td>creativecommons.org</td></tr>
<tr><td>cli_tools/</td><td>Command line tools for tagging and verifying licensed works.</td></tr>
<tr><td>desktop_search/</td><td>Prototype of Spotlight plugin for Mac OS X</td></tr>
<tr><td>experimental/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>feed2map/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>hooks/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>i18n/</td><td>Translations, maintenance tools, now in git.</td></tr>
<tr><td>i18nedit/</td><td>Half finished prototype of web based PO editor, herder</td></tr>
<tr><td>jswidget/</td><td>Drop-in javascript widget for license selection</td></tr>
<tr><td>liblicense/</td><td>C library for manipulating license information embedded in files</td></tr>
<tr><td>liblicense-gnome/</td><td>gnome UI bindings for liblicense</td></tr>
<tr><td>liblicense-kde/</td><td>KDE UI bindings for liblicense</td></tr>
<tr><td>liblicense-sugar/</td><td>Sugar UI for liblicense</td></tr>
<tr><td>license-tutorial/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>license.rdf/</td><td>License RDF files</td></tr>
<tr><td>license_xsl/</td><td>Legacy chooser XSLT and questions</td></tr>
<tr><td>livecontent/</td><td>Live CD with CC licensed content</td></tr>
<tr><td>log_analysis/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>metadata_scraper/</td><td>Now developed in git as deedscraper</td></tr>
<tr><td>mozcc2/</td><td>Firefox add-on for displaying CC license information; superseded by OpenAttribute</td></tr>
<tr><td>nagios/</td><td>monitoring configuration</td></tr>
<tr><td>nc-survey/</td><td>Non-Commercial survey related code</td></tr>
<tr><td>oe_search/</td><td>PHP frontend for a Google CSE that acted as early DiscoverEd prototype</td></tr>
<tr><td>oenutch/</td><td>DiscoverEd</td></tr>
<tr><td>operator_userscript/</td><td>User script for Operator to display license information</td></tr>
<tr><td>opml/</td><td>Python library for reading and parsing OPML</td></tr>
<tr><td>pdf_callback/</td><td>Demonstration of a PDF with "phone home" capability</td></tr>
<tr><td>planet/</td><td>CC feed aggregator</td></tr>
<tr><td>pyarchive/</td><td>Python library for uploading works to Internet Archive</td></tr>
<tr><td>pywikipedia/</td><td>Python API for mediawiki, used for sending staff call emails</td></tr>
<tr><td>rdfadict/</td><td>Python dict-like interface for an RDFa parser</td></tr>
<tr><td>scicom/</td><td>Science Commons related projects, including MTA, SCA</td></tr>
<tr><td>scripts/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>smw_tools/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>stats/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>themes/</td><td>Various theme projects</td></tr>
<tr><td>vendorlibs/</td><td>Vendor libraries that are used by other projects. Modules are imported here if the project doesn't use svn, so we can use svn:externals, or if additional customization is required</td></tr>
<tr><td>widgets/</td><td>Widgets for visualizing CC content and information.</td></tr>
<tr><td>wordpressmu/</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>wpLicense/</td><td>WordPress plugin for CC licensing; now developed in git/WP svn</td></tr>
<tr><td>www-i/</td><td>i.creativecommons.org</td></tr>
<tr><td>xmp/</td><td>Tools for embedding XMP metadata in PDF, JPEG and (future) other file types.</td></tr>
<tr><td>zope_products/ </td><td>CC developed zope products: the license engine, Plone skin and iStr.</td></tr>
</table>

=== git ===
See the [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit git web interface] for repository descriptions.

CC License Rdf Overview

2012-08-07T16:24:58Z

Nkinkade:

The purpose of this article is basic documentation of the directories within the [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit/license.rdf.git/ cc.licenserdf] project.

== cc/licenserdf/licenses/ ==

=== License RDF Files ===
This directory contains an rdf file for every license we have. Each file is named to match the url path to it on the cc website, where underscores are replaced by slashes. An example of this is so:

* cc/licenserdf/licenses/creativecommons.org_publicdomain_zero_1.0_.rdf

Which corresponds to [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ this page].

=== The cc:legalcode Node(s) ===

If the jurisdiction for one of these licenses has one translation available for its legal code; then there is only one instance of this node in the rdf file for that license. This node contains the url to the legal code's page in its rdf:resource attribute.

If the jurisdiction has multiple translations available, there will be multiple instances of this node within the RDF file. There will also be instances of an additional node, called rdf:Description. The rdf:Description instances also contain the same url to the legal code, but under their rdf:about attribute. The rdf:Description instances each all have a child node dcq:language, who's inner text is the locale abbreviation for that translation.

It is the cc:legalcode and rdf:Description nodes that directly impact what links to legal code will appear on the deed's page.

=== The dc:title Nodes ===

These nodes are generated automatically by scripts in the project's tools directory.

=== d:title xml:lang="i18n" ===

This is a special instance of the dc:title node, identified by having "i18n" as the language name, instead of a locale abbreviation. The contents of this node is a python string template, and is used by a script to generate the other translation nodes for the subject predicate combination described by the string template.

The presence of this is a hack, not a standard practice; and may be unique to our codebase.

=== foaf:logo ===

In the rdf:resource attribute, each instance of this node contains a link to a different button graphic for the license, which ideally one displays proudly with the licensed content whatever webpage it appears upon. While many licenses will use the same images, each license variation contains a different url for its images. This is so we can use traffic statistics to get a good picture on the actual usage of our licenses, and which versions there of.

== cc/licenserdf/rdf/ ==

=== images.rdf ===

To quote Chris, "too be honest, I've never touched it."
...
Alright then =)

=== index.rdf ===

This file is automatically generated by a script. It is the combination of all of the rdf files in the cc/licenserdf/license folder.

=== jurisdictions.rdf ===

This file used to be for determining which languages to use for jurisdictions, but it may be no longer in use.

=== ns.html ===

Same as http://creativecommons.org/ns
Outlines the terms in the namespace for [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_REL CC REL]. Contains a link to schema.rdf.

=== schema.rdf ===

The RDFa contents of http://creativecommons.org/ns (ns.html), but in the RDF/XML format. This would only ever need to be modified if we add more terms in our namespace.

== cc/licenserdf/tests/ ==

Unit tests for this project.

== cc/licenserdf/tools/ ==

=== add.py ===

This tool might not be in use anymore.

=== gen_i18n_titles.py ===

This tool automatically generates the <dc:title xml:lang="i18n"> nodes in the various rdf files in the cc.licenserdf/license/ directory. This was implemented during the sanity project.

=== __init__.py ===

Empty.

=== jurisdiction.py ===

This file contains tools for adding, launching & getting info about jurisdictions. Details on usage are out of the scope of this article.

=== merge.py ===

This tool generates the index.rdf file.

=== rebuild_images.py ===

To quote Chris again, "Looks interesting, but I've never touched it".

=== support.py ===

Contains miscellaneous tools for the project, much as cc/licenserdf/util.py also does. This separation between the two files is not due to any particular design decision, but rather is a quirk. The two files probably could be merged together at some point. (Is this accurate?)

=== translate_rdf.py ===

Automatically generates translations via the xml:lang="i18n" string template nodes.

[[Category:CC_Tech_Handbook]]

Translation tooling

2012-08-07T16:24:25Z

Nkinkade:

= Adding or changing strings =

For details on this, read the "structure of our translation toolchain"

== Extracting translations ==

Instead of providing a master.po file, the same information is pulled automagically from cc.engine's templates, in the content of the trans tags.

# Make modifications to cc.engine templates, commit, push, etc.
# In cc.i18n (using either buildout or virtualenv):
# git pull origin master
# run ./runcheckout.sh && ./extract.sh
# git add cc/i18n/po/en/cc_org.po
# git commit -m "Extracting new strings for translation"
# git push origin master

...done!

== Push source file up to transifex ==

# ssh a7.creativecommons.org
# sudo su cronuser
# cd /home/cronuser/transifex.net_i18n_checkout/
# git pull
# tx push -s

That last command will push the source file (english .po file you committed) up to transifex.

= Structure of our translation toolchain =

== Where are our translations? ==

First of all, we maintain our translations on Transifex. Our
affiliates mostly handle our translations.

https://www.transifex.net/projects/p/CC/resource/deeds-choosers/

== What tools do we use? ==

Translations are in gettext format.

We used to use zope's i18n toolchain for translations. Things used to
be in "logical key" format, where there was a symbolic representation
of each translation (almost like a variable that mapped to the
string). We switched to english keys because that's what most of the
world does, and doing otherwise required an insanely complex and
fragile system that we spent a ton of time maintaining.

These days it's pretty simple... just mark a string for translation by
wrapping it in gettext() or _() or whatever. Then we can auto-extract
things.

If you read the "extracting translations" section above, or even ran
the commands, you may have wondered, "Whoa, that ran like magic! All
of these translations just got pulled out! How the hell did that
work?"

The answer is pretty simple! We use [http://babel.edgewall.org Babel]
to extract strings.

When you run ./runcheckouts.sh, it checks out all the packages we
extract translations from. And ./extract.sh extracts all the
translations from them by reading babel.ini to find out all the stuff
it should extract.

Most of the extractors are pretty standard (jinja2 and python are
bundled by jinja2 and babel respectively), but we've defined our own
for extracting from RDF in cc/i18n/tools/extractors.py (defined as an
entry point in setup.py)

So anyway, transifex has a client that we use to push up the new
translations with. Anyway, just see above for that.

There are actually two cronjobs that run, translations related. A few
times an hour new translations are pulled down, and a new translation
tarball is built. (They're currently separate scripts but maybe they
could be merged?

These commands can be found in the cronuser crontab.

# Pull changes from Tx.net and push them to our repos
5 * * * * ~/bin/sync_i18n_with_transifex.sh > /dev/null
10 * * * * ~/bin/sync_i18n-ccsearch_with_transifex.sh > /dev/null

# Update cc.i18n tarball
*/15 * * * * /usr/bin/ionicer && nice -n 19 bash /var/www/staging.creativecommons.org/make_i18n_sdist.sh > /dev/null

One more thing to note: we have a translations statistics tool that's
run every time the sdist is built. It writes out a csv file that
keeps several bits of information, including percentages. We have a
translation threshold at the top of cc/i18n/util.py ... translations
have to be above this level to show up in the "available languages"
box on various pages of cc.engine!

[[Category:CC_Tech_Handbook]]

Tech team handbook

2012-08-07T16:24:03Z

Nkinkade:

This page meta-documents the tech team tooling. All pages of canonical, decent documentation for tech team resources should be listed here.

* [[Translation tooling]]: describes how to extract translations and how the translation ecosystem works
* cc.engine infrastructure: check out cc.engine, cd to docs/ directory, run "make", open index.html in browser.
* Deploying code (EXPAND):
** http://teamspace.creativecommons.org/Cc.controlpanel
* Updating RDF
** [[CC License Rdf Overview]]
* [[Source Repository Information]]: Lists what all the SVN repositories are for... git repositories already [[http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit/ self-described]]
* [[Core developer introduction]]

[[Category:CC_Tech_Handbook]]

4.0/Attribution and marking

2012-08-01T17:39:55Z

Nkinkade:

{{4.0 Issue}}

<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px dotted red; background-color: #eee; width: 97%;">
'''Page summary:''' This page aggregates discussion topics involving attribution and marking requirements, as the two are closely related and have never been clearly or uniformly differentiated. Attribution has been a standard feature of all CC licenses since the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/4216 version 2.0 suite]. Currently, attribution requirements are primarily contained in Section 4 of the 3.0 licenses. Marking requirements are interspersed throughout the license, including (in version 3.0) in Section 3(b), 4(a) and 4(b) of the licenses permitting adaptations, and in Section 4(a) of the two ND licenses (BY-ND and BY-NC-ND).
</div>

{{Infobox |'''Draft 1 Treatment:''' In light of our goal to make CC licenses simpler and more user-friendly, we have considerably revamped the manner in which the attribution and marking requirements are conveyed in the license. Most importantly, we have consolidated all of the attribution and marking requirements into one section of the license, outlined them in list form and have labeled that section accordingly. To increase license compliance, we have provided that all attribution requirements may be fulfilled in any reasonable manner depending on the means and medium used. Last, we have added a shortcut, which allows licensees to include the URI associated with the licensed work (or a hyperlink) to satisfy several of the attribution requirements. We look forward to your input on these changes and others, including other suggestions for adjusting this provision to facilitate large collaborations such as Wikipedia. Our goal is to best ensure a proper balance between the author’s attribution rights and the need for flexibility given that any license violation results in automatic termination (at least as currently drafted). See also the discussion regarding relaxing the [[4.0/Sandbox#Termination_criteria_should_be_relaxed|termination provision]].

Note we have also added a bullet point addressing our treatment of each [[4.0/Attribution_and_marking#Proposals_for_attribution_in_4.0|attribution]] and [[4.0/Attribution_and_marking#Proposals_for_marking_requirements_in_4.0|marking]] proposal below. }}

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width=100%
|valign="TOP" style="background:#FFDADA;border:5px #FDAFAF;padding:1em;"|
'''Draft 2 Treatment:''' We continue our effort to make attribution and marking easy for licensees without undue burden (thus promoting greater compliance), while at the same time respecting the desire of licensors to have relevant information they provide included when the work is further shared. We have retained nearly all of the requirements from the first draft with a few variations intended for clarity and ease of application.

See this attribution and marking [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5f/Attribution_comparision_(4-1.0d2_final_for_31_July).pdf comparison chart] to easily view differences between 3.0, 4.0d1 and 4.0d2.

One change is that the URI requirement is now simpler. The licensee must provide the URI or hyperlink to the source where the work can be accessed. Another change relates to the requirement to retain notices of disclaimers or warranties supplied by licensor. The difference in draft 2 is that licensees must retain any such notices when supplied by the licensor, rather than only those referring to the CC license. This change also supports a corresponding addition found in Section 6(b), which allows licensors to supplement the license to disclaim warranties or limit liabilities differently than the license does in Section 4, or to offer warranties. We have also expanded the URI shortcut, so that licensees may satisfy some or all of the requirements by linking to a particular webpage containing some or all of the necessary information.

We have eliminated the requirement to provide the title of the work and retain copyright notices, though ideally licensees will provide both when supplied by the licensor. In this spirit, we specifically encourage their retention by explicitly permitting licensees to use those notices to comply with any or all attribution requirements when they contain any or all of the required information. We hope this encourages licensors to consolidate attribution and marking information in a central location. Finally, in order to support many communities who have well-accepted practices for how attribution is given (e.g., in scientific and scholarly communities), we now make clear that attribution and marking requirements may be fulfilled in any reasonable manner based on the means, medium and context (the term “context” being new) in which the work is shared.

Finally, we recognize that these revisions may ease the problem of attribution stacking, but that the stacking problem and the challenges associated with attribution in the context of text-mining persist. We will be looking at these two problems more concertedly in the d2 discussion period.
|}

== Attribution ==

The current 3.0 licenses require users of a work to implement the following in any reasonable manner: <ref> See the [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Users#Marking_on_Your_Site Marking Page] for further information.</ref>

* keep copyright notices intact; and
* reasonable to the medium or means used by the licensee,
** provide the name the original author (or her pseudonym, or other attribution party, when provided);
** provide the title of the work if supplied;
** include the URI associated with the work (if it refers to the copyright notice or licensing information); and
** where an adaptation is created (when permitted by the license), include a credit stating that the work has been used in the adaptation <ref>Per Section 4(b) of the license, in the case of an adaptation or collection, where a credit for all contributing authors appears, the credit required must be at least as prominent as the credits for other contributing authors.</ref>

All 3.0 licenses allow licensors to request removal of the credit when their works are reproduced in a collection, as well as when their works are adapted (where permitted by the licenses). Specifically, all six version 3.0 licenses provide: <ref>See Section 4(a) of the licenses. </ref>

:: ''If You create a Collection, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collection any credit as required by Section 4(__), as requested.''

:: And in BY, BY-SA, BY-NC-SA, and BY-NC, additionally:

:: ''If You create an Adaptation, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Adaptation any credit as required by Section 4(__), as requested.'' <ref>See Section 4(a) of the licenses that permit adaptations.</ref>

The attribution requirement is reflected on the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC deeds] as:

:: ''Attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).''

A few [[Case_Law|legal decisions]] have successfully enforced the attribution requirement.

The attribution requirements have drawn some criticism:
# General difficulty understanding what is required on the part of licensees, in part due to the “reasonable to the medium or means” language but also because the language is difficult to parse.
# Are too onerous and do not align with community practices.
# The requirements insufficiently anticipate or account for analog distributions and performances, making it challenging to comply (same criticism is equally applicable to other marking requirements, below).
# Absence of a mechanism for requesting or permitting removal of a credit for reproductions of an unmodified work when not reproduced as part of a collection.<ref>Although, a licensor may always enter into a separate agreement with licensees to have attribution waived.</ref>

'''Note: For criticisms, issues and proposals relating to attribution requirements for adaptations, please see the [[4.0/Treatment of adaptations]] page.'''

=== Proposals for attribution in 4.0 ===
''For ease of reference on discussion lists, please do not alter proposal numbers.''

[Note: these proposals are not necessarily mutually exclusive]

'''''BY Proposal No. 1:''''' '''Consolidate the attribution requirements into a single location within the licenses (e.g., Section 4) and simplify language, including all other marking requirements (see below), such as providing the URI for the license.'''
* Pros: Users of licensed works would understand requirements more easily, which fosters reuse.
* Cons:
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Consolidated, reorganized and simplified for greater understandability and to facilitate compliance.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 2:''''' '''Introduce further flexibility into the requirements, to bring them closer into alignment with community practices.'''
* Pros: This would reduce unintentional violations of the licenses, which is especially important because a violation of the license results in automatic termination.
* Cons:
* Other comments: For example, one [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-January/006604.html proposal] from license-discuss is to remove the provision requiring that a credit for an adaptation or collection must be as prominent as the other contributing authors. This requirement might be excessive in some circumstances.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' To increase license compliance, attempted to introduce more flexibility by providing that all requirements may be implemented in a reasonable manner.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 3:''''' '''Expand the existing mechanism for requesting removal of the attribution credit so licensors can request removal for any reuse.'''
* Pros: There may be situations where licensors would prefer not to be associated with a particular website, and this would enable them to avoid association by removing attribution credit.
* Cons: Allows people to require removal of author's name even where credit is accurate and factual.
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change. Note that this revision may also have relevance where the moral right of withdrawal exists, arguably giving the licensor a functional equivalent when using a perpetual, irrevocable public license.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 4:''''' '''Create a mechanism in the license allowing licensors to waive attribution completely.'''
* Pros: Potentially useful for keeping alive CC BY-SA but waiving BY aspect without needing a separate and incompatible copyleft (CC SA, which existed and has been deprecated for some time)
* Cons: Reduces need for and potential adoption of CC0.
* Other comments: Couldn't a licensor waive attribution requirements outside of the license with an additional statement and without needing to add anything to the legalcode?
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Not addressed in this draft, although draft does permit licensors to seek removal of attribution elements for any reuse, including reuse in unmodified form. May be possible to address as technical solution rather than within legal code.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 5:''''' '''Relax the requirement to "keep intact" copyright notice, notice referring to the license, and notice referring to disclaimers of warranty; and allow translation, contextualization, and possibly other modification of those notices.'''
* Pros: Reduces the risk for users to overlook copyright notice, notice referring to the license, or notice referring to disclaimers of warranty. This risk is higher in at least 2 situations: 1) When those notices are written in languages that a user do not understand well; and 2) When the work under a CC license is long or complex. For example, a notice referring to disclaimers of warranty might not be easily detectable in a given photo gallery web site with multiple pages with many different sections. (And you are required to keep intact "all" such notices.)
** Allowing contextualization of the notices would reduce the risk of bearing non-sensical or even ineffective notices. For example, if you use a text from web page to create a book, to "keep intact" a notice saying "content of this web page is under CC-BY 3.0 Unported" does not make good sense for readers of a book. (And in practice, many license notices are written in this kind of context-specific way.)
** In some cases, to "keep intact" a notice is impossible. For example, a notice may be given as an audio, as a part of radio program. A user cannot "keep intact" the audio notice if he wants to use the content of the audio for a photo or a book. More importantly, notice seems to be given visually in many cases, by using a CC license logo. To keep intact a logo may be challenge if a user wants to create a non-visual work, or use the work in an environment where only text-data is usable.
** In theory, this requirement to keep intact "all" notices could be used to intentionally block further reuse even when license and technology would allow reuse. Imagine a user of a licensed CC-BY-SA work adds a few hundred notices to an Adaptation. Those who wishes to use such work would find it very difficult to comply with the requirement to keep intact "all" such notices. Allowing more flexible attribution and marking would prevent such effort. Another theoretical example would be to embed notices in easy-to-overlook places within a movie, a video game, or a long book. A user may need to first find all the notices to comply with the requirement to keep intact "all" notices.
** Note also that reuse (creation of adaptations/ derivatives) under BY-SA licenses would end up accumulating license notices. "This work is licensed under Creative Commons 2.0 Generic" may appear "This work is licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 US." That would look like the work is dual-licensed, while it is not. It is simply that an original work was under 2.0, and a derivative is under 3.0.
** As far as I can tell, in practice, very few people comply with (or even understand) this requirement, so relaxing it would have the effect of bringing the license into alignment with common usage. If common usage has been ignorning, at least to some extent, this requirement for the past 5 or 6 years, then that is probably a pretty good argument against the con that unwanted exploitation might arise, as I'm not aware of any court battles over this point.
* Cons: Like many relaxation of requirements, it could serve as an opening for unwanted exploitation.
* Other comments: I think there is some room for interpretation what exactly is to "keep intact."
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated some changes in the spirit of this proposal. See the 3.0/4.0 comparison chart on the [[4.0_Drafts|4.0 Drafts page]] for more details.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Incorporated some changes in this spirit by suggesting keeping intact existing copyright notices as a a way to comply with the other attribution requirements. See the d1/d2 comparison chart on the [[4.0_Drafts|4.0 Drafts page]] for more details.

'''''BY Proposal No. 6:''''' '''Make clearer what is meant by "credit" by stopping the use of the word in two different ways.''' - "a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Adaptation" is one place where the word appears, and "remove ... any credit as required by Section 4(b), as requested" is another place where the same word is used but to mean a wider set of information.
* Pros: Increase the ease of complying the license terms, and reduce unintended failure to comply with the requirements.
* Cons:
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change by avoiding use of the term ''credit'' in this draft.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 7:''''' '''Explicitly allow attribution via a provision of a URI, when a web page with that URI provides attribution'''
* Pros: This would solve the problem sometimes referred to as attribution stack-up - when there are too many authors to attribute to, that would restrict the scope of reuse. Allowing the use of a web page to provide attribution, and requiring just a display of its URL for attribution would make reuse possible in those cases. A typical example - copying some text from Wikipedia's heavily edited article to a blog. If you need to copy the whole list of the authors, it could be difficult and time-consuming. If you could simply show a URL of the page on Wikipedia where you can see a list of people edited the page, that would be a lot easier and quicker.
* Cons:
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change, but we have retained requirement that the licensee must provide the URI only if it references copyright notice or licensing information. Further input needed, including suggestions for other alternative means for allowing attribution.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 8:''''' '''Consider giving the right to request credit removal to actual people receiving credits.''' - The current license allows only licensor to make such a request. Note that a CC licensed work may not carry information about licensor's name or contact at all. Credits may tell licensee about authors and other entities the credits are given to. When a CC-BY-SA work is adapted a few times by a few different parties, a licensee may not be able to tell who the licensors are.
* Pros: When removal request has to come from a licensor, there are two consequences: 1) A licensee cannot tell a removal request coming from authentic licensor from fake one, and 2) authors and other entities receiving credits may or may not necessarily know how to contact a licensor when they want to request a removal.
* Cons: A complication could still arise if this proposal is implemented because authentification of authors and other entities receiving credits are not easy, either. It is perhaps easier than telling who is a licensor for a given set of credit.
* Other comments: In general, it is not easy to understand the distinction between an author and a licensor.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Not included. Granting rights to third parties who are not a party to the license presents challenges on multiple levels.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 9:''''' '''Consider limiting the "keep intact" and other crediting & marking obligations to only those pieces of information that are clearly present and easily identifiable. Make a licensee's failure to comply with properly crediting not a trigger for terminating the license.''' - For example, it is often difficult to tell if a URI accompanying a work is "specified" by the licensor. The same can be said even about the name of an author, when there are more than one name displayed for the same account. Flickr accounts may have an account name and a name of a person. It may be difficult to tell if a file name is meant to be a title for a photo or the photo is untitled. Many blog posts are accompanied by poster's account names, separate from their full names (typically linked from those nick names), which is different from name of the organization (typically found at the copyright notice) the blog is for. Which name is "supplied" as the name of the Original Author in this case?
* Pros: Increased ease of use of licensed works.
* Cons: In theory, unwanted crediting, or omission thereof may increase.
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change by specifying that only information supplied (such as name and title) must be provided and subjecting all requirements to reasonableness standard. See also discussion regarding [[4.0/Sandbox#Termination_criteria_should_be_relaxed|Relaxation of Termination Provision]].
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Further modified to no longer require title.

'''''BY Proposal No.10:''''' '''Consider increasing machine-readability of credits and marks.'''
* Pros: If a simple script can identify all or most of the information needed for giving a credit, it would improve license compliance for a wider range of works and licensees.
* Cons: If done in legalcode(?) this could result in massive incompliance with licenses, as machine-readability is hard to get right
* Other comments: It seems like this should be done regardless, but in external tooling work by the tech team and the rest of the CC-using ecosystem?
** It's not clear what this proposal means to say. For example, the HTML provided by the CC license chooser does contain attribution metadata, as long as the copyright holder provided that information when the filled out the chooser form. As far as downstream reuse, this proposal would imply that reusers would need to likely manually enter that metadata, which isn't going to happen. At the moment, the main way in which this attribution metadata is revealed to reusers is if they follow the license mark to the license deed, in which case attribution HTML will be provided on the deed, which itself contains metadata. However, not everyone will click through to the deed.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Not addressed in draft because this is a technical rather than legal proposal.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 11:''''' '''Clarify the language about URI specified by the licensor''' - currently it says, in part, "unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work," and what it means seems to be "as long as resource identified by such URI includes the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work."
* Pros: In a Web environment, many people may like to be attributed via some URL, such as a personal site or web page. Limiting the requirement of attributing wih a URL to only when the URL contains copyright information probably isn't what most people have in mind.
** Allowing a copyright holder to require attribution to a URL (any URL, regardless of what is behind it), may make it easier for downstream reusers to actually know who the copyright holder is, and how to contact them for additional permissions. For example, if I find an image on some web site and all the data I have is some user name and the CC license mark, then it may be nigh impossible to contact the copyright holder. On the other hand, if a licensor can require attribution to some certain URL, then finding that person suddenly becomes much more feasible.
* Cons:
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 12:''''' '''Remove provision that allows licensors to request removal of attribution or amend it to cover only requests for removal of misleading or inaccurate attribution.'''
* Pros: This provision arguably does not meet the Debian Free Software Guidelines because it requires removal of attribution upon request, even where attribution is accurate and not misleading.
* Cons: The provision, in its 3.0 form, reassures licensors who are concerned their reputations will be irreparably damaged by a remix of the works which they license under Creative Commons.
* Other comments: More information about this proposal is included in this [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-January/006602.html email thread] and this [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-April/006729.html email thread] from license-discuss.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Not incorporated. The purpose of this clause is to allow those receiving credit to distance themselves from reuses they may find objectionable. This encourages use of public licenses by those wishing to share but who are concerned about being associated with those uses. In all events, in this draft as in 3.0, removal is required only when reasonably practical.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

'''''BY Proposal No. 13:''''' '''Change "reasonable manner" qualifier in attribution requirements to "any reasonably prominent manner" or "a reasonable manner consistent with, to the extent feasible, any customary attribution for the medium or means You are using.'''
* Pros: Helps ensure that attribution is made as prominent as is reasonably possible.
* Cons: May not add much because "reasonable" inherently means reasonably prominent.
* Other comments:
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Proposed after 4.0 d.1 publication.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Incorporated to some extent by including the concept of "context."

''Please add other BY proposals here, and number them sequentially.''

== Marking requirements ==
Beyond the marking requirements related to attribution described above, the CC licenses contain additional requirements for properly marking a CC-licensed work:

* in those licenses that permit adaptations (BY, BY-NC, BY-SA, BY-NC-SA), if an adaptation is made (including any translation in any medium), the licensee must take reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work"; <ref> See Section 3(b) of the licenses that permit adaptations.</ref>
* for every copy of the work distributed or publicly performed, the licensee must: <ref> See Section 4(a) of the licenses.</ref>
** include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for the license;
** keep intact all notices that refer to the license and to the disclaimer of warranties;
* for every adaptation of the work that is distributed or publicly performed (where adaptations are permitted), the licensee must: <ref> See Section 4(b) of the licenses that permit adaptations</ref>:
** include a copy of, or the URI for, the license (for the original work); <ref> The international (unported) BY-SA and BY-NC-SA incorrectly refer to "Applicable License" in Section 4(b). This is a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Legalcode_errata#Incorrect_reference_to_.22the_Applicable_License.22 known error].</ref>
** keep intact all notices that refer to the license (for the original work) and to the disclaimer of warranties.

These marking requirements have attracted some criticism:
# For adaptations, lack of clarity or uniformity as to placement of the mark or label indicating that changes were made to the original work.
# Absence of flexibility (such as through a reasonableness requirement) for inclusion of the URI.

'''Note: For proposals relating to marking requirements for adaptations, please see the [[4.0/Treatment of adaptations]] page.'''

=== Proposals for marking requirements in 4.0 ===
''For ease of reference on discussion lists, please do not alter proposal numbers.''

'''''Marking Proposal No. 1:''''' '''Making the inclusion of the URI subject to a "reasonable to the medium or means" requirement'''
* Pros
* Cons
* Other comments
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.1:''' Incorporated change, though only required if the URI references a resource containing attribution or licensing information.
* '''Treatment in 4.0 d.2:''' Same.

''Please add other marking proposals here, and number them sequentially.''

== Questions about attribution/marking in 4.0==

In draft 1 of v.4, we tried to simplify the attribution and marking requirements by putting them all into one section of the license in list form. This is designed to make it easier for licensees to understand and comply with their obligations.

Specifically, when sharing the work, licensees must provide the following information when it is supplied by licensor:
*Name of the author
*Name of parties designed by licensor for attribution
*Title of the work
*Copyright notice
*URI associated with the work
*URI associated with the CC license
*Notices, disclaimers, warranties referring to the CC license

(1) Is there any other information we should require licensees to provide when fulfilling the attribution and marking requirements under CC licenses? Alternatively, is there anything in this list that is unnecessary for licensees to provide even when it is supplied by the licensor? Our goal is to make the requirements extensive enough to satisfy licensors’ desire to be attributed and recognized for their work without making the obligations impractical.
*'''Comments:'''
*Is it necessary to require attribution? [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007061.html]
*Can licensors select their desired attribution elements in the Chooser, rather than mandating a specific set? [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007061.html]
*Should there be an element for related data sets? [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007061.html]
*"Attribution Parties" should be dropped entirely. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007063.html]
**But: some works made possible/assisted by parties who are not the author; there should be space to credit them. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007065.html]
*Requiring removal of attribution may not be in line with DFSG. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-April/006729.html]
**Benefit does not exceed cost if this is true, unless required by moral rights (which should be clarified). [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007065.html]
*Publish a standard for correct attribution, but allow experimentation in community-developed standards, which licensors may follow but are not bound to. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]
*There are going to be scaling issues with requiring licensees to provide the name of the author - this could go all GFDL very quickly, with big bulky booklets or attribution pages required for the smallest amount of derivation. In particular, I'm worried about places like Wikipedia - you get articles with hundreds or thousands or ''tens'' of thousands of unique contributors. Listing all of them seems like the sort of overkill that undermined the GFDL, and is likely to cause implementation problems for licensors - if you come up to well-trafficked wikis and tell them that, in order to use 4.0 and not seriously vex anyone using their content, they're going to have to provide a method of getting an incredibly barebones list of all contributors to a specific page that people can copy and paste...that could take time and effort that are better spent on other things. [[User:Oliver Keyes|Oliver Keyes]] ([[User talk:Oliver Keyes|talk]]) 21:41, 26 June 2012 (UTC)
*An additional concern is that "name of the author" is unnecessarily vague; I'd change it to "the author's chosen name or pseudonym" (which is basically how it works in the UK anyway - the author gets to choose). My issue is that when I see "name of the author", I think "real name", and again, I don't think this is likely to scale or apply to online works nicely. It reads as if contributors will have to out themselves to use the licenses without messing with licensees, and while I know this isn't what's meant, some clarity would be helpful. [[User:Oliver Keyes|Oliver Keyes]] ([[User talk:Oliver Keyes|talk]]) 21:41, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

(2) All of these requirements may be fulfilled in any reasonable manner based on the medium the licensee is using to share the licensed work. This flexibility is intended to help ease compliance with the license conditions. Does the current language grant licensees too much flexibility? Not enough? Is there anything else we should change to make it easier on licensees that are remixing content from multiple sources – the so-called “attribution stacking” problem?
*'''Comments:'''

*For many elements, licensees don't know how to comply and may be confused by leaving it open-ended; we should provide guidance and/or verbatim statements for unfamiliar elements such as "copyright notice". [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007062.html]
*Many reusers are unfamiliar with the "URI" acronym and need explanation, examples, or replacement with amore common term. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007062.html]
*Amount of flexibility OK, but if adjusted should be in the direction of more flexibility. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007063.html]
*Allow experimentation in community-developed standards. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]

(3) If the URI associated with the work refers to a resource that specifies the name of the author (or attribution parties, if applicable) and title of the work, licensees may include only the URI rather than specifying that information separately. This is another attempt to make compliance with the license conditions easier and more flexible without compromising the needs and expectations of licensors. Is this shortcut appropriate and/or helpful? If the URI points to a resource that includes the other required information (e.g., the copyright notice), would it be preferable to allow the URI shortcut to satisfy those other requirements as well?
*'''Comments:'''
*It is probably better to allow not just "a URI" but "one or more URIs." For example, it is common for MediaWiki-based Wikis (including this CC Wiki) to have multiple pages that list contributors. Such list of contributors for this page could be viewed by clicking "History" near the top of the page. And it is currently spanning two pages, having two different URIs.
**Given that URL shortener is currently rather popular, it is better to allow "a resource referenced by the URI that is contained in the resource referenced by the URI" to also benefit from this clause. The current language may be interpreted that the resource containing (i)-(iii) above should be at the URI specified, as opposed to URI redirected from the URI specified.
**Better yet, it should perhaps be allowed to use a URI for attribution to point to the resource referred to by that URI and other resources easily identifiable from that resource.
*Allow a licensee to create a resource (such as a web page listing all attribution information), and use its URI, when that resource contains (i)-(iii).
*In some cases, the resource at a URI contains only (i) and not (ii) and (iii). I think it is okay still to allow replacing the list of names of authors with a URI and supply (ii) and (iii) separately.
*Copyright notices, disclaimers of warranty, etc., should be readable even offline, so URI alone is insufficient. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007063.html]
*Allow experimentation in community-developed standards. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]

(4) Some licensors have more detailed expectations for attribution of their work. Should we make allowances for licensors who want to include specific attribution requirements (e.g., a particular attribution statement), or would this unnecessarily complicate license compliance? Note that any particular requirements would need to be subject to the reasonableness standard to be consistent with the explicit terms of the license.
*'''Comments:'''
*The complication could come from four sources that I can imagine: a) language and font that is not readily available for medium or means licensee wants to use; b) visual, audio, text, and other media-specific requirements that does not fit with licensee's medium or means; c) how a licensee (or even his lawyer) can know that some specific attribution is required when he is not fluent in the language, and/ or the work is voluminous; d) one may not know if an attribution element provided by a performer (in a video or audio work, say) or author, means "licensor" "supplied" that element for attribution, because the licensor's relation with the author /performer is not necessarily known to the potential licensees. (Is licensor the same person or not? is a question not necessarily easy to answer, for example.)
**See also, [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=4.0%2FSandbox&action=historysubmit&diff=57509&oldid=57508 this edit] for some concrete examples of some of the difficulties surrounding attribution compliance.
**These complications could result in failure to comply, and/ or decision not to use the work because of the high cost of compliance/ risk of failing to comply. But this is not really limited to "specific attribution requirements" discussed here.
**One possible way to deal with this (or a part of this) issue is to tolerate failure to attribute when the attribution elements are supplied in a manner neither prominent, conventional, nor consolidated with other element that is supplied in a prominent or conventional manner.
**A question arises when one uses URI (i.e. an external resource) to give attribution. Is

*No, compliance with attribution is already difficult enough. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007063.html]
**Agreed with difficulty, and we don't want to make it harder to distinguish libre/non-libre content. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007065.html]

*Nonstandard requirements increase transaction costs. Community standards for additional requirements could enable automation to reduce these costs. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]

(5) Another possibility is to change the language to a more general requirement to acknowledge the author and cite the original work. We could then include the current list of attribution and marking requirements as an example of best practices rather than as a specific legal requirement. This would potentially give licensees more freedom to adapt attribution to their particular circumstances, while maintaining the spirit and purpose of the requirements. Is this a proposal we should pursue? Why or why not?
*'''Comments:'''
*Pro: It is in general difficult to determine what is "supplied" by "licensor." It is not necessarily easy to determine what is title, author's name, notice referring to the license, etc. (See [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=4.0%2FSandbox&action=historysubmit&diff=57509&oldid=57508 this edit] for some concrete examples of some of these difficulties.)
*Con: Citation may not enable the recipient of the work to find the original. Current level of requirement allow licensors to make sure that a recipient, if interested, can reach the original, and its author/ licensor.
*Perhaps prominently and explicitly placed specific attribution requirements should be followed to the extent reasonably practicable with the medium or means to the licensee, but in other cases the attribution could be left to flexible interpretation of the licensee.

*Yes, it gives more freedoms to users & encourages growth of free content community. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007063.html]
*No, insufficient for many licensors, especially some OER projects. [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]
*Enable licensors to require a standard for attribution, let licensors figure out appropriate standard? [http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2012-May/007072.html]

== Related debate ==
''We encourage you to sign up for the license discussion mailing list, where we will be debating this and other 4.0 proposals. HQ will provide links to related email threads from the license discussion mailing list here.''

== Relevant references ==
''Please add citations that ought inform this 4.0 issue here.''
* ePSIplatform guest blog post dated February 11th, 2011: "[http://epsiplatform.eu/content/cc-tools-and-psi-supporting-attribution-protecting-reputation-and-preserving-integrity CC tools and PSI: Supporting attribution, protecting reputation, and preserving integrity]"
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking/Users Best Practices for Marking Content with CC Licenses: Users]

== Notes ==
<references/>

Single click donations with CiviCRM

2012-07-23T19:30:30Z

Nkinkade: /* Usage */

=== Summary ===

Creative Commons has developed a modified donation process using CiviCRM which can potentially send a contributor off to the payment processor with as little as a single click. All of the donation buttons on CC's [https://creativecommons.net/donate donation page] utilize this process.

There are a number of possible benefits to using this method as opposed to regular contribution pages in CiviCRM:
* The contributor (potentially) makes a single click to donate on your site. The less clicks/keystrokes the better chance someone will complete a contribution. I believe this has been empirically tested and demonstrated (??).
* You are no longer limited to designing your contribution pages within the confines/scope of Drupal and CiviCRM. You can create pages the way you want, wherever you want. This is especially nice for widgets, or anyone else wanting to help your campaign. Potentially, people can create their own donate links on their own sites ... it doesn't matter. And if you run multiple sites, you can place Donate links wherever you want on any of those sites, and it makes no difference whether it's run by Drupal, Wordpress, Joomla, or even made with static HTML.
* Tired of ''Pending (Incomplete Transaction)'' contribution statuses and bogus contacts for people who never completed a transaction? This method virtually eliminates those because a contact/contribution is not created in the CiviCRM database until an IPN/notification is received from the payment processor.
* As long as the "one-click" scripts are in place, the state of your CiviCRM install doesn't really matter from a user perspective, at least as it relates to contributions. This has been useful for CC when upgrading -- not having to worry about disrupting live contributions should an upgrade encounter problems.

The system is currently comprised of two files: a class file which contains all the code, and a simple router/wrapper script which receives and routes incoming requests:

* [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit/civicrm.git/tree/bin/OneClick.class.php?h=cc_production_3.3.5 OneClick.class.php]
* [http://code.creativecommons.org/viewgit/civicrm.git/tree/bin/OneClick.php?h=cc_production_3.3.5 OneClick.php]

=== Special Considerations ===
This method is known to work with CiviCRM versions '''2.2.7''', '''3.1.1''', '''3.1.3''', '''3.1.6''' and '''3.3.5'''. It should work fine with any version in the 2.2.x or 3.1.x line.

It currently works with PayPal and Google Checkout.

=== Configuring CiviCRM for use with OneClick ===

The OneClick system may require you to make a few configurations in CiviCRM, depending on your needs and how you plan to use OneClick.

* '''General''': these things should be done no matter what:
** ''Administer -> Customize -> Custom Data'': here we create a custom data field that is somewhat for internal use but is required for email receipts to work with Google Checkout, but could be useful for future reference or debugging. Create a 'New Group of Custom Fields' ''Used For'' - Contributions of ''Type'' - Donation. The ''Group Name'' doesn't matter. Now add a new ''Custom Field'' to the group with these attributes:
*** ''Field Label'' (*exactly*): 'OneClick Custom Data'
*** ''Data and Input Field Type'': Alphanumeric - Text
*** ''Database field length'' (arbitrarily large): 2000

* '''Email receipts''': if you'd like to automatically send your donors a receipt by email, then you'll need to do these things:
** ''Administer -> Configure -> FROM Email Addresses'': add a new FROM address and the Description field must be *''exactly''*: 'OneClick Email Receipts'. This is the address the receipt will appear to come from. The address will also be Bcc'd on the receipt, and will also be the Reply-To address.
** ''Administer -> Configure -> Message Templates'': create a new template. This will be the body of the receipt email, and the ''Message Subject'' of the template will become the email Subject:. Note the database ID of the template, because you will need to pass this into the system at some point (see ''Usage -> receipt'' below).

* '''Google Checkout''': if you plan to utilize Google Checkout, then you need to do these things:
** ''Administer -> Configure -> Global Settings -> Payment Processors'': create a new payment processor of type 'Google Checkout'' and the Name field must be *''exactly''*: 'Google Checkout API Access'. Fill in the rest of the fields as necessary.
** Login to your Google Checkout merchant account and go to ''Settings -> Integration'' and set the ''API callback URL'' to: <nowiki>https://<yourdomain>/sites/default/modules/civicrm/bin/OneClick.php?oc_action=googleipn</nowiki>

* '''Optional''':
** ''Administer -> Customize -> Custom Data'': here we create a custom data field that can be used to determine whether a user wants their name to appear in a list of recent donors on your site. NOTE: by itself this field will do nothing for you. It is simply a flag against which you can write your own code to display, or not, your donor names on your site. Use the same custom data group from ''General'' above. Now add a new ''Custom Field'' to the group with these attributes:
*** ''Field Label'' (*exactly*): 'OneClick Supporter List'
*** ''Data and Input Field Type'': Alphanumeric - Text
*** ''Database field length'': 256

===Variables===

All of the following are found and set in the file ''bin/OneClick.class.php''. There are a few more variables, but the following are the only ones you should change unless you know what you're doing.

<pre>

// Turn IPN debuggin on/off. Logs to CiviCRM's default log file.
const OC_DEBUG = TRUE;

// Valid groups that users can join. This is just a safeguard to prevent
// users from joining arbitrary groups
public $_valid_groups = array(
'CC Newsletter',
'CC Events'
);

// IPN callback URL for PayPal
$_paypal_notify_url = 'https://$domain/sites/default/modules/civicrm/bin/OneClick.php?oc_action=paypalipn';

// Email address of site's PayPal account
$_paypal_business = 'paypal@creativecommons.org';

// Minimum contribution amount, anything lower will be kicked back.
$_min_amount = '5';

// An array of URLs that should be notified when an incoming
// contribution (via IPN) is successfully processed.
$_notify_urls = array(
'https://creativecommons.net/a/invite/'
);

// Default name of item as contributor sees it and as recorded in CiviCRM.
$_item_name = 'Online Contribution: Support Creative Commons';

// Where contributor goes if they cancel contribution at payment processor
$_cancel_return = 'https://support.creativecommons.org/donate';

// Where user goes when they click "Return to Merchant Site"
$_return = 'https://support.creativecommons.org/thanks';
</pre>

=== Usage ===

Anyone can make use of OneClick.php from anywhere, but the script expects certain variables to be passed to it. The only variables which are absolutely necessary are '''oc_action''', '''pp''' and '''amount'''. Here is a summary of the possible variables, which can be sent by either a GET or POST request:

*'''oc_action''' (required): The value of this should ''always'' be 'donate'. The only other valid values are ones sent by the payment processor. Example: <code>?oc_action=donate</code>

*'''pp''' (required): The payment processor to use. Presently it can be one of paypal and gc (for Google Checkout). Example: <code>?pp=paypal</code>

*'''amount''' (required): The amount of the contribution, with no currency symbol. It can be a floating number, but will get rounded to two decimal places if for some reason it has more. Example: <code>?amount=150</code>

*'''cancel_return''' (optional): This is the URL the contributor will be directed to should they for some reason click a Cancel link on the payment processor's site without having completed the transaction. Will always have a predefined default value should it not be passed. Example (urlencoded): <code>?cancel_return=http%3A%2F%2Flolz.biz%2Fthanks</code>

*'''groups''' (optional): A colon separated list of groups that the user should be subscribed to. The group names are the exact names as they are found in the CiviCRM database, spaces and all. OneClick will not let users join arbitrary groups. Passed groups that are not in the predefined groups list in $_valid_groups will be ignored. Example (urlencoded): <code>?groups=CC+Newsletter:CC+Events</code>

*'''pcpid''' (optional): If this contribution originated from a Personal Campaign Page (PCP), this is the CiviCRM database ID of the PCP page. Example: <code>?pcpid=8</code>

*'''premium''' (optional): If the user has opted for a gift/premium, this is the CiviCRM database ID of the premium they will get. Example: <code>?premium=12</code>
**'''size''' (optional): If the '''premium''' includes a t-shirt, this is a free-text description of the size. This option is ignored if '''premium''' is not set. Example (urlencoded): <code>?size=Adult+Large</code>

*'''receipt''' (optional): This is the database ID of the message template to use when generating a receipt email to the contributor. These are the message templates found in CiviCRM at ''CiviCRM -> Administer CiviCRM -> Configure -> Message Templates''. This functionality allow you to send a different receipt message based on various criteria, whatever they may be. You can use any, all or none of a few variable tokens in the templates. They are pretty much self-explanatory and they are these:
**%{amount}
**%{date}
**%{trxn_id}
**%{first_name}
**%{last_name}

*'''final_receipt''' (optional): This is the database ID of the message template to use when generating a receipt email to the contributor when the contribution represents the final payment of a subscription. Note, this field is ''only'' relevant for subscription ("recurring") payments. If the contribution is a subscription and this is not set ''and'' '''receipt''' is set, then '''receipt''' will be used. For the set up of this refer to the general instructions above for '''receipt'''.

*'''return''' (optional): This is the URL the contributor will be directed to if/when they click on some link directing them back to your site after having completed the transaction. Will always have a predefined default value should it not be passed. Example (urlencoded): <code>?return=http%3A%2F%2Froflcon.org%2Fthanks</code>

*'''recur''' (optional): Defines whether this is to be a recurring contribution, and if so of what type. A passed value of 1 means that the '''amount''' will charged to the contributor's account every month for 12 months. A passed value of 2 means that the '''amount''' will be charged to the contributor's account every month indefinitely. Example: <code>?recur=1</code>

*'''sloptout''' (optional): This is a Creative Commons-specific field. You can ignore it. If this variable is present in the request the contributor's name will ''not'' be included in the public supporter list on the CC support site. If the contribution originated from a PCP, the contributor will not show up in the "honor roll" list on the PCP page. The value doesn't matter. If this variable is not passed, the contributor's name will by default be displayed in public supporter listings. Example: <code>?slopout=LOL</code>

*'''source''' (optional): When the contributor is sent to the payment processor there is a description displayed letting them know what the payment is for. If this value is passed it will be the text that is displayed to the contributor. It is also the text that will be stored in the CiviCRM contribution field "Source," so it can used to identify where the contribution originated such as from the CC Network, a regular donation, a donation widget, etc. A default value is set in the script which will be used if this variable isn't passed. Will always have a predefined default value should it not be passed. Example (urlencoded): <code>?source=CC+Network+Annual+Membership</code>

=== Sweeping up with ContributionProcessor.php ===

The OneClick system relies 100% on the successful processing of IPN/notifications from the payment processor. This should normally be nearly 100% reliable, but if for some unforeseen reason it fails, then one can always use the CiviCRM script ''bin/ContributionProcessor.php'' to pull down contributions from the payment processor and record them in CiviCRM.

You could, for example, run ''ContributionProcessor.php'' once a day, or once a week, just to be sure, though it probably isn't necessary. If you choose to run ''bin/ContributionProcessor.php'' periodically to pull new contributions into CiviCRM, your crontab entry will probably look something like:

<pre>
*/15 * * * * wget -O - -q -t 1 "https://support.creativecommons.org/sites \
/default/modules/civicrm/bin/ContributionProcessor.php?name=my_user& \
pass=my_pass&key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&ppID=5&ppMode=live&type=paypal" &> \
/dev/null; wget -O - -q -t 1 "https://support.creativecommons.org/sites/default \
/modules/civicrm/bin/ContributionProcessor.php?name=my_user&pass=my_pass& \
key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&ppID=7&ppMode=live&type=google" &> /dev/null
</pre>

Case Studies

2012-07-10T16:34:19Z

Nkinkade: Removed spam

[[Image:Casestudies-splash.jpg|link=Case Studies]]

<div style="font-size:125%; line-height:1.75em; margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:justify;">Whether you're looking for inspiration, business models, or precedents, the CC Case Studies are a perfect place to start. Help us expand this resource by sharing your work and telling your story. Exceptional and well-written case studies could be included in upcoming publications and research, such as [http://thepowerofopen.org/ The Power of Open]. </div>
<div style="float: left; width: 47%; margin-right: 3%;">
== Featured Case Studies ==

{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Has quality::A-Class]][[Has importance::High]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more high quality Case Studies}}

</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 46%; margin-right: 2%">
<h2>[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:BrowseData/Casestudy?_single Browse all]</h2>
*'''[[Government_use_of_Creative_Commons|Government Usage]]'''
*'''[[OER_Case_Studies|Open Educational Resources (OER)]]'''
*'''[[Data]]'''
*'''[[Photography]]'''
*'''[[Filmmaker|Film]]'''
*'''[[GLAM|GLAM: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums]]'''
*'''[[Journalism]]'''
*'''[http://simple007.tumblr.com/ Tumbrl]'''
*'''[[Musician|Music]]'''
*'''[[Writer|Literature]]'''
*'''[[Social_Justice|Social Justice]]'''
*'''[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:SearchByProperty?title=Special:SearchByProperty&property=Tag&value=technical+details Technical Case Study] [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:SearchByProperty?title=Special:SearchByProperty&property=Tag&value=technical+details]'''

Or run a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Special:Ask&offset=0&limit=20&q=%5B%5BCategory%3ACasestudy%5D%5D&p=format%3Dbroadtable&po=%3FAuthor%0A%3FFormat%0A%3FCountry%0A&order=ASC&eq=yes custom Case Study query]

There are currently '''{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]]|format=count}}''' case studies in the
database.

=== Add a case study ===
{{#forminput:Case_Study|30|Case study name|Add or edit|super_page=Case_Studies}}
===Evaluations===
Help to [[Case_Studies/Evaluation|evaluate or improve]] the quality of these Case Studies.

===Translate a Case Study ===
[[CC Wiki:Translate|Add translations]] for these Case Studies.

=== Wanted List ===
Have an idea for a case study but can't execute? Add your request to [[Talk:Case_Studies]].

 
<h2 style="border-bottom:1px solid #b0b0b0; margin-bottom:10px;">Get the book that seeded this database: Building an Australasian Commons</h2>
[[Image:Building_an_australassian_commons_thumbnail.jpg‎|left|160px|link=http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1]]
<div style="margin-left:200px;">
[http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1 Building an Australasian Commons] has been produced by [http://creativecommons.org.au Creative Commons Australia] to highlight case studies from the Australasian region.
</div>

{| border="0" style="background:transparent; margin: auto;float:right;"
|-
|
[http://creativecommons.org http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/52/Cc_logo_small.jpg]
||
[http://creativecommons.org.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/6/6b/Cc_au_logo_small.jpg]
||
[http://www.cci.edu.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/c6/Cci_small.jpg]
|}
 

{{Translations
| articles = Pt:Casos de Estudo,Ru:Case Studies
}}

[[Category:Metrics]]
[[Category:Project]]

__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__