https://wiki.creativecommons.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=NextlevelCreative Commons - User contributions [en]2026-06-13T07:15:30ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC0_use_for_data&diff=67951CC0 use for data2013-05-06T12:23:11Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
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[[CC0]] (read “CC Zero”) is a universal public domain dedication that may be used by anyone wishing to permanently surrender the copyright and database rights (where they exist) they may have in a work, thereby placing it as nearly as possible into the public domain. CC0 is a legal tool that improves on the “dedication” function of our earlier, [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ U.S.-centric public domain dedication and certification]. CC0 is universal in form and may be used throughout the world for any kind of content without adaptation to account for laws in different jurisdictions. And like our licenses, CC0 has the benefit of being expressed in three ways – legal code, a human readable deed, and machine-readable code that allows works distributed under CC0 to be easily found.<br />
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CC0 can be particularly important for the sharing of data and databases, since it otherwise may be unclear whether highly factual data and databases are restricted by copyright or other rights. Databases may contain facts that, in and of themselves, are not protected by copyright law. However, the copyright laws of many jurisdictions cover creatively selected or arranged compilations of facts and creative database design and structure, and some jurisdictions like those in the European Union have enacted additional sui generis laws that restrict uses of databases without regard for applicable copyright law. CC0 is intended to cover all copyright and database rights, so that however data and databases are restricted (under copyright or otherwise), those rights are all surrendered. CC0 is also [http://sciencecommons.org/projects/publishing/open-access-data-protocol/ particularly relevant to scientific data]. An opinion piece in <em>Nature</em> on "[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7261/full/461171a.html Post-publication sharing of data and tools]" explicitly recommends open sharing and the use of CC0 to put data in the public domain:<br />
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<blockquote>"Although it is usual practice for major public databases to make data freely available to access and use, any restrictions on use should be strongly resisted and we endorse explicit encouragement of open sharing, for example under the newly available CC0 public domain waiver of Creative Commons."</blockquote><br />
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==CC0 use cases==<br />
This is a list of uses of CC0 for data and databases. For uses of CC licenses, see [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Data_and_CC_licenses Data and CC Licenses].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/British_Library|The British Library]]===<br />
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The British Library released a large set of their bibliographic data into the public domain via the CC0 public domain dedication. This set is from the British National Bibliography, which contains data on publishing activity from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland since 1950, and comprises 20% of the entire British Library catalog. The dataset currently consists of 3 million individual records. <br />
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===[[Case_Studies/CERN|CERN Library]]===<br />
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CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research that is home to the Large Hadron Collider and birthplace of the web, released its book catalog into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Cologne-based_Libraries|Cologne-based Libraries]]===<br />
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All [http://www.hbz-nrw.de/projekte/linked_open_data bibliographic data from Cologne-based libraries] are available to the public with no known copyright restrictions. Cologne-based libraries who surrendered their copyrights using the CC0 public domain dedication include the University and Public Library of Cologne (USB), the Library of the Academy of Media Arts Cologne, the University Library of the University of Applied Science of Cologne, and the LBZ. The data is currently linked from the [http://www.hbz-nrw.de/projekte/linked_open_data North Rhine-Westphalian Library Service Center (hbz)]. For more info, see the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/21344 blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Digg|Digg]]===<br />
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All content on [http://digg.com Digg], a social news website, is defaulted under CC0, which means that Digg has surrendered all copyrights to its content. Content includes readers' comments, story titles, story descriptions, and all of the other user-contributed content on the Digg site. For more info, see the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/14752 blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Digital_Public_Library_of_America|Digital Public Library of America]]===<br />
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The DPLA is committed to asserting no new rights—and will claim no rights—over the metadata that it aggregates from its various data-providing partners. It has also pledged to make all of this metadata freely available under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Dryad|Dryad]]===<br />
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Dryad is an online repository for data contained in academic papers and other publications in the sciences. The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center and the University of North Carolina Metadata Research Center, in partnership with various [http://datadryad.org/partners journals and societies], comprise the development of Dryad's data set, all of which is released under the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Europeana|Europeana]]===<br />
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Europeana — Europe’s digital library, museum and archive, and the first major adopter of the Public Domain Mark — has adopted a new Data Exchange Agreement which releases metadata for millions of cultural works into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication. <br />
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===[[Case_Studies/FigShare|FigShare]]===<br />
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Researchers can publish their data on FigShare in a "citable, searchable, and shareable manner." According to FigShare's [http://figshare.com/faqs FAQ], "All figures, media and multiple file uploads are published under a CC BY license. All datasets are published under CC0."<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Flickr_Case_Study|Flickr]]===<br />
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[http://flickr.com Flickr] published its [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ shapefile dataset] online, surrendering all copyrights via the CC0 public domain dedication. A shapefile is a file containing shapes mathematically generated by thousands of Flickr geotagged photos of particular neighborhoods, countries, and continents. Shapefile data has been used to reverse-engineer maps with user generated longitude and latitude coordinates that are then demarcated by Where-On-Earth IDs, "[http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/ unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent]." For more information, see the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/14678 blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Genomes Unzipped|Genomes Unzipped]]===<br />
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Genomes Unzipped is a project that aims to inform the public about genetics via the independent analysis of open genetic data, volunteered by a core group of genetics researchers and specialists. Genomes Unzipped genetic data is available in the public domain via the [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ CC0 public domain dedication], while other site content is defaulted under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA].<br />
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===German National Library===<br />
The German National Library has begun publishing its standard data as public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication tool.<br />
*http://de.creativecommons.org/2012/01/27/normdaten-deutsche-nationalbibliothek-kundigt-umstellung-auf-cc0-an/<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Wikipedia, German|German Wikipedia]]===<br />
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The German Wikipedia uses CC0 to dedicate data into the public domain; specifically, their PND-BEACON files are available for download. Since Wikipedia links out to quite a number of external resources, and since a lot of articles link to the same external resources, PND-BEACON files are the German Wikipedia’s way of organizing the various data.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)]]===<br />
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One of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the world, [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chemblntd/#tcams_dataset GlaxoSmithKline] has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set via CC0, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Harvard Library|Harvard Library]]===<br />
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Harvard Library has [http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k77982&pageid=icb.page498373 released 12 million catalog records] into the public domain using CC0, in accordance with it [http://openmetadata.lib.harvard.edu/ Open Metadata Policy]. Its [http://openmetadata.lib.harvard.edu/public_faq FAQ] explains why.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/National_Library_of_Spain|National Library of Spain]]===<br />
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datos.bne.es is a joint project of Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) and the National Library of Spain, for the enrichment of the Semantic Web with bibliographic data from their catalog. This initiative has been launched with the publication, in accordance with the principles of Linked Data, information from library catalogs and authority, making knowledge bases available as RDF (Resource Description Framework). Furthermore, these data are interrelated with other existing knowledge bases in the Linking Open Data initiative. Thus, Spain is in addition to projects that other institutions like the British Library and the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek have recently begun. The 2.4 million bibliographic records are published according to the specifications and conditions of the Creative Commons Zero (CC0).<br />
*http://www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/DatosEnlazados/index.html<br />
*http://www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/DatosEnlazados/DescargaFicheros/<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Piemonte_Regional_Government|Italian Piemonte Regional Government]]===<br />
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The Piemonte Regional Government in Italy has adopted the CC0 public domain dedication for its open data portal (dati.piemonte.it). The Piemonte Region is leading the open data movement in Italy at the government level, being the only regional government to open up all its data for reuse without restrictions.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/MichiganView|MichiganView]]===<br />
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Using CC0, [http://wiki.americaview.org/display/miview/Home MichiganView] has surrendered all copyrights to its 93+ Gigabytes of Landsat 5 and 7, and NAIP imagery data. The MichiganView consortium makes available aerial photography and satellite imagery of Michigan to the public for free over the Web. As part of the AmericaView consortium, MichiganView supports access and use of these imagery collections through education, workforce development, and research. For more info, see the [http://sciencecommons.org/weblog/archives/2010/01/29/michiganview-releases-remote-sensing-data-under-cc0-waiver/ blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Nature_Publishing_Group_linked_data|Nature Publishing Group linked data]]===<br />
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Nature Publishing Group (NPG) provides access to its publication data via the linked data platform at [http://data.nature.com http://data.nature.com]. The platform includes more than 20 million Resource Description Framework (RDF) statements, including primary metadata for more than 450,000 articles published by NPG since 1869. The datasets include basic citation information (title, author, publication date, etc) as well as NPG specific ontologies. These datasets are released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0), which permits maximal use/re-use of this data.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Netherlands_Government|Netherlands Government]]===<br />
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The [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl Netherlands government] launched [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl www.rijksoverheid.nl], a single website for all Dutch ministries, in March 2010. The default copyright policy for site content is that there is no copyright; using the CC0 public domain dedication, the government surrendered all copyrights in site. The purpose of [http://www.rijksoverheid.nl www.rijksoverheid.nl] is to establish one central location or portal through which all government organizations and ministries can be accessed by the public. The migration process is currently underway. For more info, see the [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/21473 blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/New_York_Public_Library_bibliographic_metadata|NYPL Bibliographic Metadata]]===<br />
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NYPL's bibliographic metadata records provided through the [http://api.repo.nypl.org/ NYPL Repository API] are distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Although the bibliographic metadata records are provided consistent with CC0 1.0 Dedication, the content described by the metadata records is not. Content may be subject to copyright, rights of privacy, rights of publicity and other restrictions.<br />
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===Open Clinical Innovation Network===<br />
The Open Clinical Innovation Network seeks to transform clinical research and development by openly sharing clinical tools and data via the CC0 public domain dedication, thereby enabling open innovation. More from the [http://portal.lillycoi.com/2012/04/03/open-innovation-can-transform-clinical-development/ announcement]. Still in its initial stages, you can read the white paper ([https://s3.amazonaws.com/lillycoi/Clinical_Open_Innovation_White_Paper.pdf pdf]) and check out its first tool, [http://www.clinicalcollections.org/trials/ Clinical Commons].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Open Library|Open Library]]===<br />
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An initiative of the Internet Archive, the Open Library is an online catalog that aims to provide a web page for every book ever published. Drawing from existing library catalogs around the world and user contributions, the Open Library has 20 million records to date and provides access to 1.7 million scanned books. All rights to Open Library data are surrendered via [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ CC0].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/OpenEI|OpenEI]]===<br />
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An initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy, OpenEI is a linked open data platform that releases all contributions to the public under the CC0 public domain dedication. It is a community effort devoted to assembling the world's most comprehensive collection of energy information--including datasets, tools, and models.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/OpenJurist|OpenJurist.org]]===<br />
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Using CC0, [http://openjurist.org/terms-of-use OpenJurist], a resource for case law in the U.S., has made available all Supreme Court and Federal Appellate Court Decisions from the 1700s to the current day.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Personal_Genome_Project|Personal Genome Project]]===<br />
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[http://www.personalgenomes.org/ The Personal Genome Project], a pioneer in the emerging field of personal genomics technology, released a large data set containing genomic sequences for ten individuals using CC0, with future planned releases also to be under CC0.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Polar_Information_Commons|Polar Information Commons]]=== <br />
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The [http://www.polarcommons.org/ Polar Information Commons], a data sharing project growing out of the most recent International Polar Year, has enabled researchers to release their polar data into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication. For those sharing their data, the Polar Information Commons has outlined [http://www.polarcommons.org/ethics-and-norms-of-data-sharing.php Ethics and Norms of Data Sharing].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Proteome_Commons|Proteome Commons Tranche Network]]===<br />
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[https://proteomecommons.org/tranche/ Proteome Commons Tranche Network], a public proteomics database for annotations and other information that uses Tranche, a free and open source (Apache 2.0) file storage and dissemination software, has enabled the CC0 public domain dedication as the default uploading option for users.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Public.Resource.Org|Public.resource.org]]===<br />
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[http://public.resource.org/uscourts.gov/index.html 1.8 million pages of U.S. Courts of Appeals decisions] (since 1950 onwards) were delivered back into the public domain by [http://public.resource.org/ public.resource.org], who officially surrendered all copyrights in the case law using the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Safecast|Safecast]]===<br />
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Safecast releases radiation data from the fallout in Fukushima under CC0.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Sage_Bionetworks_-_Sage_Commons|Sage Bionetworks - Sage Commons]]===<br />
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[http://sagebase.org/commons/ Sage Commons] is a public resource and information platform for scientists, research foundations, and research institutions to share and develop human disease and biological research. Sage Commons will enable the CC0 public domain dedication as an option for surrendering copyright in data hosted in the network. The [http://blogs.ukoln.ac.uk/sagecite/ SageCite project], driven by UKOLN, the University of Manchester, and the British Library, and funded by JISC, is set to develop and test an entire framework for citation norms, not attribution, using bioinformatics as a test case.<br />
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===Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt Museum===<br />
The Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt Museum has released its collection data into the public domain using CC0.<br />
*http://www.cooperhewitt.org/collections/data<br />
*http://media.cooperhewitt.org.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/02/23/Cooper-Hewitt%20Metadata%20Press%20Release%202-23-12.pdf<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/SimpleGeo|SimpleGeo]]===<br />
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http://blog.simplegeo.com/2011/04/20/open-places-data/<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Swedish National Library|Swedish National Library]]===<br />
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The Swedish National Library signed an agreement in September 2011 that [http://librisbloggen.kb.se/2011/09/21/swedish-national-bibliography-and-authority-data-released-with-open-license/ released] the Swedish National Bibliography and authority files into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Talis_Connected_Commons|Talis Connected Commons]]===<br />
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The [http://www.talis.com/platform/cc/ Talis Connected Commons] is a project by Talis that works to encourage the growth of public domain data. Talis offers free data hosting on its platform as long as the data is made available under either the Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication or the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/University of Florida Library|University of Florida Library]]===<br />
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The University of Florida Smathers Libraries has implemented a default public domain policy for all of its original catalog data. The library has released its book catalog into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication tool, opening up downstream reuse of the data without restrictions. <br />
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===[[Case_Studies/University_of_Michigan_Library|University of Michigan Library]]===<br />
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The University of Michigan Library has surrendered all copyright in its [http://www.lib.umich.edu/open-access-bibliographic-records Open Access bibliographic records] via CC0. As of November 17, 2010, the Library released 684,597 bibliographic records into the public domain. The Library also defaults all of its site content under the most open CC license - CC BY.<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/WisconsinView|WisconsinView]]===<br />
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Using CC0, [http://www.wisconsinview.org/ WisconsinView] has surrendered all copyrights in its 6+ Terabytes of imagery data. The WisconsinView consortium makes available aerial photography and satellite imagery of Wisconsin to the public for free over the Web. As part of the AmericaView consortium, WisconsinView supports access and use of these imagery collections through education, workforce development, and research. For more info, see the [http://sciencecommons.org/weblog/archives/2009/07/01/wisconsinview-public-domain/ blog post].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre|Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre]]===<br />
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The Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre has published [http://data.canadensys.net/ipt/ its datasets at Canadensys] via the CC0 public domain dedication, and encourages the rest of the Canadensys community to [http://www.canadensys.net/2012/why-we-should-publish-our-data-unde-cc0 do the same].<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Wikidata|Wikidata]]===<br />
"Wikidata is a free knowledge base that can be read and edited by humans and machines alike. It is for data what Wikimedia Commons is for media files: it centralizes access to and management of structured data, such as interwiki references and statistical information. Wikidata contains data in all languages for which there are Wikimedia projects." All structured data from the main and property namespace is available via Creative Commons CC0. More info:<br />
* https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page<br />
* https://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/24/wikidata-all-around-the-world/<br />
* http://www.ghacks.net/2013/04/26/wikidata-is-a-huge-step-for-wikipedia-and-the-internet/<br />
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==Other CC0 use cases==<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Mercy Corps|Mercy Corps]]===<br />
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Mercy Corps is a disaster relief organization that has released its package of office management materials (Office in a Box) into the public domain via CC0 for the start-up of new field offices in disaster areas and the improvement of operations in existing offices.<br />
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[http://www.teamlaw.com .][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .][http://tomeslawfirm.com .][http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .][http://www.dknfamilylaw.com .][http://lbi-beachrental.com .][http://www.prolaw1.com .][http://www.bikerhelp.com .]<br />
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===[[Case_Studies/Open Clip Art Library|Open Clip Art Library]]===<br />
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All clip art packages generated and uploaded by the Open Clip Art Library community are free to use, distribute, and remix under the CC0 public domain dedication.<br />
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[[Category:CC0]]<br />
[[Creative Commons Aim and Influence]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Data&diff=67950Data2013-05-06T12:21:45Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
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<div>''This page supersedes the 2006 document [[Databases and Creative Commons]].''<br />
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Much of the potential value of data is to society at large — more data has the potential to facilitate enhanced scientific collaboration and reproducibility, more efficient markets, increased government and corporate transparency, and overall to speed discovery and understanding of solutions to planetary and societal needs[http://itshumour.blogspot.com/2012/05/very-short-funny-jokes.html .]<br />
<br />
A big part of the potential value of data, in particular its society-wide value, is realized by use across organizational boundaries. How does this occur (legally)? Many sites give narrow permission to use data via terms of service[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/cool-hilarious-funny-quotes-sayings/ .] Much ad hoc data sharing occurs among researchers. And increasingly, open data is facilitated by sharing under public terms to manage copyright restrictions that might otherwise limit dissemination or reuse of data, e.g. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ CC licenses] or the [[CC0]] public domain dedication.<br />
<br />
Many organizations, institutions, and governments are using CC tools for data. For case studies about how these tools are applied, see:<br />
<br />
===[[Data_and_CC_licenses|Uses of CC Licenses with Data and Databases]]===<br />
===[[CC0_use_for_data|Uses of CC0 with Data and Databases]]===<br />
<br />
You can also read more about [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/26283 Creative Commons' most up-to-date thinking on data and databases], and what you can do to contribute.<br />
<br />
==Frequently asked questions about data==<br />
<br />
==='''''Can databases be released under CC licenses?'''''===<br />
<br />
Yes, CC licenses can be used on any copyrighted work, including a copyrighted database. A CC license may be applied to any or all copyrighted aspects of a database and its contents. See [[Data#How_do_I_apply_a_CC_legal_tool_to_a_database.3F|below]] for more information regarding how to provide clear notice of what is licensed. Any use of the licensed database or its contents that is restricted by copyright law requires compliance with the relevant license conditions (BY, SA, NC, ND). In their current version (3.0) CC licenses do not require compliance with the license conditions when only sui generis database rights (and not copyright) are implicated. Additionally, the international and "ported" version 3.0 licenses, excluding EU jurisdiction ports, do not grant any permissions where sui generis database rights are implicated. Please see [[Data#How_.28if_at_all.29_are_sui_generis_database_rights_addressed_in_CC_licenses.3F|below]] for more detail.<br />
<br />
CC0, the public domain dedication, can also be used on databases. The effect is to waive all copyright and related rights in the database, placing it as close as possible into the worldwide public domain. In certain domains, such as science and government, there are important reasons to consider using tools like CC0. Waiving copyright and related rights eliminates all uncertainty for potential users, encouraging maximal reuse and sharing of information. Where waiver is not a viable option and some conditions on reuse are necessary, rights holders should [http://www.ivir.nl/publications/eechoud/CC_PublicSectorInformation_report_v3.pdf consider] using CC licenses that give the public more freedom to reuse and remix the content. <br />
<br />
==='''''Which components of a database are protected by copyright?'''''===<br />
<br />
With databases, there are likely four components to consider: (1) the database model or structure, (2) the data entry and output sheet, (3) field names, and (4) the data.<br />
<br />
The '''database model''' is a specification describing how a database is structured and organized, including database tables and table indexes. The selection, coordination, and arrangement of the contents is subject to copyright if it is sufficiently original. The threshold of originality required for copyright is fairly low in many jurisdictions. For example, while courts in the United States have held that an alphabetical telephone directory did not have sufficient originality to merit copyright protection, an organized directory of Chinese-American businesses in a particular area did. These determinations are very fact-specific (no pun intended) and vary by jurisdiction.<br />
<br />
The '''data entry and output sheets''' contain questions, and the answers to these questions are stored in a database. For example, a web page asking a scientist to enter a gene’s name, its pathway information, and its ontology would constitute a data entry sheet. The format and layout of these sheets are protected by copyright according to the same standard of originality used to analyze copyright in the database model.<br />
<br />
'''Field names''' describe data sets. For example, “address” might be the name of the field for street address information. These are less likely to be protected by copyright because they often do not reflect originality.<br />
<br />
The '''data''' contained in the database are subject to copyright if they are sufficiently creative. Original poems contained in a database would be protected by copyright, but purely factual data (such as gene names without more) contained in a database would not. Facts are not subject to copyright, nor are the ideas underlying copyrighted content.<br />
<br />
==='''''How do I know whether a particular use of a database is restricted by copyright?'''''===<br />
<br />
When the database structure or contents are subject to copyright, reproducing, distributing, or modifying the database will often be restricted by copyright law. If the database is released under a CC license, that means reproduction, distribution, or modification will likely require compliance with the relevant license conditions, including attribution.<br />
<br />
However, it is important to note that some uses of a copyrighted database will not be restricted by copyright. It may be possible, for example, to rearrange or modify the uncopyrightable data in a way that does not implicate the copyright in the database structure. For example, while (as noted above) a court in the United States held that a directory of Chinese-American businesses was restricted by copyright, the same court went on to hold that a directory that duplicated hundreds of its listings was not infringing because the listings were categorized and arranged in a sufficiently dissimilar way. In those situations, compliance with the license conditions is not required unless the database contents are themselves restricted by copyright.<br />
<br />
Similarly, even where database contents are subject to copyright and published under a CC license, use of the facts and ideas found in the contents will not require attribution (or compliance with other applicable license conditions), unless doing so implicates copyright in the database structure as explained above. This important limitation of CC licenses is reflected in the license deed, where it indicates that the license does not extend to those elements of the work in the public domain. <br />
<br />
==='''''What are sui generis database rights?'''''===<br />
<br />
Sui generis database rights are different from, but often overlap with, copyright. Sui generis database rights exist to recognize the investment required to compile a database, whether or not the database meets the originality requirement in copyright law. Established by [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTML Directive 96/9/EC] of the European Parliament, sui generis database rights prohibit the extraction or reutilization of a substantial portion (defined in both qualitative and quantitative terms) of the contents of a database. The Directive has been implemented in the national legislation of all EU member countries. Outside of the European Union, similar database-like rights have been established in several countries, including Mexico and South Korea. <br />
<br />
==='''''How (if at all) are sui generis database rights addressed in CC licenses?'''''===<br />
<br />
The treatment of sui generis database rights varies among the CC version 3.0 licenses, but the practical result is always the same: compliance with the license conditions is not required where sui generis database rights - but not copyright - are implicated. This means that if someone takes a substantial portion of a CC-licensed database and uses it in a way that does not implicate copyright (e.g., by rearranging purely factual data), she does not have to attribute the licensor or comply with the other license conditions, even if the database is protected by sui generis database rights.<br />
<br />
While this treatment is the same across all CC version 3.0 licenses, the reason for this outcome varies. In the ported 3.0 licenses ported to the laws of EU jurisdictions, works subject to copyright and/or sui generis database rights are licensed and subject to the CC license terms and conditions. In those ported licenses, however, the conditions of the license are explicitly waived when use of the licensed work only involves the exercise of database rights and not copyright.<br />
<br />
By contrast, all other 3.0 licenses (including ported licenses for non-EU jurisdictions and the international licenses) do not license sui generis database rights at all. As a result, the license conditions do not (nor could they) attach to uses implicating database rights and not copyright. It also means a licensee may need separate permission if they plan to use the database in a way that implicates database rights (although there may arguably be an implied right to do so).<br />
<br />
CC is [https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/29639 leaning toward] changing how its licenses treat sui generis database rights in version 4.0. If pursued, those rights would be fully licensed and subject to the same terms and conditions as copyright, without any waiver of the license conditions where only those rights are implicated. Read more about the issue -- including important limitations that would avoid imposing restrictions where those rights do not exist -- on the [[4.0/License subject matter|version 4.0 wiki]]. <br />
<br />
==='''''How do I apply a CC legal tool to a database?'''''===<br />
<br />
Before making a database available under a CC license, a database provider must first make sure she has all rights necessary to do so. Often, the database provider is not the original author of the database contents, which may mean the database provider needs separate permissions from third parties before publishing the database under a CC legal tool. For more information, read our [[Before_Licensing|pre-licensing]] guidelines.<br />
<br />
Also, the database provider must consider what elements of the database she wants to be covered by the CC legal tool and identify those elements in a manner that reusers will see and understand. Please see our [[Marking/Creators|marking page]] for more information on how to clearly distinguish unlicensed content.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/funny-quotes-on-life/ funny quotes about life]<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com .][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .][http://tomeslawfirm.com .][http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .][http://www.dknfamilylaw.com .][http://lbi-beachrental.com .][http://www.prolaw1.com .][http://www.bikerhelp.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC_Affiliate_Network&diff=67949CC Affiliate Network2013-05-06T12:19:57Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission. These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally and globally.<br />
<br />
If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. If you are looking for a flag that you do not see here, please check the [[Jurisdiction Database]] The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work.<br />
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;"><br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]] [[Has status::Active]]<br />
|?Flag URL<br />
|?Name<br />
|sort=Name<br />
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}<br />
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2><br />
<br />
Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses, are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same legal effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with legal experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how legal terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3.0]].<br />
<br />
Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for version 4.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center;"><br />
[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif]]<br />
</div><br />
__NOEDITSECTION__<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = De:Netzwerk der Partnerorganisationen<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com .][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .][http://tomeslawfirm.com .][http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .][http://www.dknfamilylaw.com .][http://lbi-beachrental.com .][http://www.prolaw1.com .][http://www.bikerhelp.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67948Public domain2013-05-06T12:17:00Z<p>Nextlevel: /* See also */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [mmm.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://itshumour.blogspot.com/2010/06/twenty-hilarious-funny-quotes.html copyright].[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status.Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/funny-quotes-on-life/ quotes about life]<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com .][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .][http://tomeslawfirm.com .][http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .][http://www.dknfamilylaw.com .][http://lbi-beachrental.com .][http://www.prolaw1.com .][http://www.bikerhelp.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67947Public domain2013-05-06T12:15:55Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [mmm.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://itshumour.blogspot.com/2010/06/twenty-hilarious-funny-quotes.html copyright].[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status.Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/funny-quotes-on-life/ quotes about life]<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com][http://tomeslawfirm.com][http://sugarmanlawfirm.com][http://www.dknfamilylaw.com][http://lbi-beachrental.com][http://www.prolaw1.com][http://www.bikerhelp.com]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67946Public domain2013-05-06T12:13:53Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [mmm.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://itshumour.blogspot.com/2010/06/twenty-hilarious-funny-quotes.html copyright].[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status.Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/funny-quotes-on-life/ quotes about life]<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://tomeslawfirm.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://sugarmanlawfirm.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://www.dknfamilylaw.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://lbi-beachrental.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://www.prolaw1.com ]<br />
<br />
[http://www.bikerhelp.com ]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67945Public domain2013-05-06T12:12:44Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [mmm.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://itshumour.blogspot.com/2010/06/twenty-hilarious-funny-quotes.html copyright].[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status.Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
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[http://www.thefunnyquotessayings.com/funny-quotes-on-life/ quotes about life]<br />
<br />
[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://tomeslawfirm.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://www.dknfamilylaw.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://lbi-beachrental.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://www.prolaw1.com .]<br />
<br />
[http://www.bikerhelp.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Content_Directories&diff=67944Content Directories2013-05-06T12:08:12Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox|<br />
'''Welcome to the Content Directories'''<br />
<br />
The following is a list of organizations and projects powered with Creative Commons licenses. Since Creative Commons does not maintain a database of content and does not store content, we would like CC-community members to help build a directory of projects to help spread the word about CC &mdash; hence the CC Content Directories wiki! Please help us fill it out!<br />
<br />
'''What is an appropriate entry for Content Directories?'''<br />
<br />
Many of the listings in the Content Directories are organizations that provide services using Creative Commons licenses. For example, Flickr.com is a photo-sharing website that allows users to license their photos under Creative Commons licenses. Flickr hosts millions of CC-licensed photos on its site. <br />
<br />
Not certain that something should be added to this list? Add it to [[Talk:Content Directories]]. For short lists of notable works, see [[boo]] and [[films]]. For other notable uses, see the [[Case_Studies|case studies ]][ project][http://tomeslawfirm.com .]<br />
<br />
'''How to add an entry to Content Directories'''<br />
<br />
To get started, simply add the name of the organization or project in the box below. Then, you'll be able to use an easy form to enter details to add to the Content Directories listings. For some screenshots about how to do this, go [[Add_content_directory_howto|here]].<br />
If you haven't done so already, you'll need to sign up for an account on this wiki. Users must be logged-in to post to the wiki. <br />
}}<br />
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{{#forminput:ContentDirectory|35|Content Directory Name|}}<br />
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== [[Audio#Featured_Audio_Sites| Audio]] ==<br />
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| articles=Es:Directorio de Contenidos, Pt:Listas de Conteúdos, Ru:Каталоги материалов<br />
}}<br />
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__NOTOC__</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Case_Studies&diff=67943Case Studies2013-05-06T12:06:42Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Casestudies-splash.jpg|link=Case Studies]]<br />
<br />
<div style="font-size:125%; line-height:1.75em; margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:justify;">Whether you're looking for inspiration, business models, or precedents, the CC Case Studies are a perfect place to start[http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .] Help us expand this resource by sharing your work and telling your story. Exceptional and well-written case studies could be included in upcoming publications and research, such as [http://thepowerofopen.org/ The Power of Open].</div><br />
<div style="float: left; width: 47%; margin-right: 3%;"><br />
== Featured Case Studies ==<br />
<br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Has quality::A-Class]][[Has importance::High]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more high quality Case Studies}}<br />
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<h2>[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:BrowseData/Casestudy?_single Browse all]</h2><br />
*'''[[Government_use_of_Creative_Commons|Government Usage]]'''<br />
*'''[[OER_Case_Studies|Open Educational Resources (OER)]]'''<br />
*'''[[Data]]'''<br />
*'''[[Photography]]'''<br />
*'''[[Filmmaker|Film]]'''<br />
*'''[[GLAM|GLAM: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums]]'''<br />
*'''[[Journalism]]'''<br />
*'''[[Musician|Music]]'''<br />
*'''[[Writer|Literature]]''' <br />
*'''[[Social_Justice|Social Justice]]'''<br />
*'''[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:SearchByProperty?title=Special:SearchByProperty&property=Tag&value=technical+details Technical Case Study]'''<br />
<br />
Or run a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Special:Ask&offset=0&limit=20&q=%5B%5BCategory%3ACasestudy%5D%5D&p=format%3Dbroadtable&po=%3FAuthor%0A%3FFormat%0A%3FCountry%0A&order=ASC&eq=yes custom Case Study query]<br />
<br />
There are currently '''{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]]|format=count}}''' case studies in the<br />
database.<br />
<br />
=== Add a case study ===<br />
{{#forminput:Case_Study|30|Case study name|Add or edit|super_page=Case_Studies}}<br />
===Evaluations===<br />
Help to [[Case_Studies/Evaluation|evaluate or improve]] the quality of these Case Studies.<br />
<br />
===Translate a Case Study ===<!-- if you change this heading, change the existing links to it in:<br />
* [[Translate]]<br />
--><br />
[[CC Wiki:Translate|Add translations]] for these Case Studies.<br />
<br />
=== Wanted List ===<br />
Have an idea for a case study but can't execute? Add your request to [[Talk:Case_Studies]].<br />
<br />
<br clear="both"/><br />
<h2 style="border-bottom:1px solid #b0b0b0; margin-bottom:10px;">Get the book that seeded this database: Building an Australasian Commons</h2><br />
[[Image:Building_an_australassian_commons_thumbnail.jpg|left|160px|link=http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1]]<br />
<div style="margin-left:200px;"><br />
[http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1 Building an Australasian Commons] has been produced by [http://creativecommons.org.au Creative Commons Australia] to highlight case studies from the Australasian region.<br />
</div><br />
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{| border="0" style="background:transparent; margin: auto;float:right;"<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[http://creativecommons.org http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/52/Cc_logo_small.jpg]<br />
||<br />
[http://creativecommons.org.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/6/6b/Cc_au_logo_small.jpg]<br />
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[http://www.cci.edu.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/c6/Cci_small.jpg]<br />
|}<br />
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| articles = Pt:Casos de Estudo,Ru:Case Studies<br />
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__NOTOC__<br />
__NOEDITSECTION__</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC_Affiliate_Network&diff=67942CC Affiliate Network2013-05-06T12:05:05Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission. These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally and globally.<br />
<br />
If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. If you are looking for a flag that you do not see here, please check the [[Jurisdiction Database]] The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work.<br />
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;"><br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]] [[Has status::Active]]<br />
|?Flag URL<br />
|?Name<br />
|sort=Name<br />
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}<br />
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2><br />
<br />
Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses, are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same legal effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with legal experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how legal terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3.0]].<br />
<br />
Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for version 4.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center;"><br />
[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif]]<br />
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[http://lbi-beachrental.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC_Affiliate_Network&diff=67941CC Affiliate Network2013-05-06T12:04:00Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world.<br />
<br />
The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission. These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally and globally.<br />
<br />
If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. If you are looking for a flag that you do not see here, please check the [[Jurisdiction Database]] The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work.<br />
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;"><br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]] [[Has status::Active]]<br />
|?Flag URL<br />
|?Name<br />
|sort=Name<br />
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}<br />
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2><br />
<br />
Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses, are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same legal effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with legal experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how legal terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3.0]].<br />
<br />
Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for version 4.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center;"><br />
[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif]]<br />
</div><br />
__NOEDITSECTION__<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = De:Netzwerk der Partnerorganisationen<br />
}}<br />
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[http://lbi-beachrental.com .]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC_Affiliate_Network&diff=67881CC Affiliate Network2013-05-05T15:29:38Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission[http://lbi-beachrental.com .] These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ[http://www.prolaw1.com .] Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally and globally.<br />
<br />
If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. If you are looking for a flag that you do not see here, please check the [[Jurisdiction Database]][http://www.bikerhelp.com .] The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;"><br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]] [[Has status::Active]]<br />
|?Flag URL<br />
|?Name<br />
|sort=Name<br />
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}<br />
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2><br />
<br />
Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses, are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same legal effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with legal experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how legal terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3.0]].<br />
<br />
Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for version 4.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center;"><br />
[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif]]<br />
</div><br />
__NOEDITSECTION__<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = De:Netzwerk der Partnerorganisationen<br />
}}</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC_Affiliate_Network&diff=67880CC Affiliate Network2013-05-05T15:14:36Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission[http://lbi-beachrental.com .] These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ. Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally and globally.<br />
<br />
If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. If you are looking for a flag that you do not see here, please check the [[Jurisdiction Database]]. The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px; padding:10px;text-align:center;float:left;display:block;"><br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Jurisdictions]] [[Has status::Active]]<br />
|?Flag URL<br />
|?Name<br />
|sort=Name<br />
|format=template|template=Jurisdiction List|link=none|limit=100}}<br />
<div style="clear:both;display:none;"></div><br />
</div><br />
<br />
<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2><br />
<br />
Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses, are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same legal effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with legal experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how legal terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3.0]].<br />
<br />
Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for version 4.0.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align:center;"><br />
[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif]]<br />
</div><br />
__NOEDITSECTION__<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = De:Netzwerk der Partnerorganisationen<br />
}}</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Case_Studies&diff=67879Case Studies2013-05-05T15:12:05Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Casestudies-splash.jpg|link=Case Studies]]<br />
<br />
<div style="font-size:125%; line-height:1.75em; margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:justify;">Whether you're looking for inspiration, business models, or precedents, the CC Case Studies are a perfect place to start[http://tomeslawfirm.com .] Help us expand this resource by sharing your work and telling your story[http://sugarmanlawfirm.com .] Exceptional and well-written case studies could be included in upcoming publications and research, such as [http://thepowerofopen.org/ The Power of Open].</div><br />
<div style="float: left; width: 47%; margin-right: 3%;"><br />
== Featured Case Studies ==<br />
<br />
{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]][[Has quality::A-Class]][[Has importance::High]]|?Case study title|?Description|?Image Header|link=none|format=template|template=Explorebox|limit=4|sort=Case study title|order=random|searchlabel=See more high quality Case Studies}}<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div style="float: left; width: 46%; margin-right: 2%"><br />
<h2>[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:BrowseData/Casestudy?_single Browse all]</h2><br />
*'''[[Government_use_of_Creative_Commons|Government Usage]]'''<br />
*'''[[OER_Case_Studies|Open Educational Resources (OER)]]'''<br />
*'''[[Data]]'''<br />
*'''[[Photography]]'''<br />
*'''[[Filmmaker|Film]]'''<br />
*'''[[GLAM|GLAM: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums]]'''<br />
*'''[[Journalism]]'''<br />
*'''[[Musician|Music]]'''<br />
*'''[[Writer|Literature]]''' <br />
*'''[[Social_Justice|Social Justice]]'''<br />
*'''[http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Special:SearchByProperty?title=Special:SearchByProperty&property=Tag&value=technical+details Technical Case Study]'''<br />
<br />
Or run a [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Special:Ask&offset=0&limit=20&q=%5B%5BCategory%3ACasestudy%5D%5D&p=format%3Dbroadtable&po=%3FAuthor%0A%3FFormat%0A%3FCountry%0A&order=ASC&eq=yes custom Case Study query]<br />
<br />
There are currently '''{{#ask: [[Category:Casestudy]]|format=count}}''' case studies in the<br />
database.<br />
<br />
=== Add a case study ===<br />
{{#forminput:Case_Study|30|Case study name|Add or edit|super_page=Case_Studies}}<br />
===Evaluations===<br />
Help to [[Case_Studies/Evaluation|evaluate or improve]] the quality of these Case Studies.<br />
<br />
===Translate a Case Study ===<!-- if you change this heading, change the existing links to it in:<br />
* [[Translate]]<br />
--><br />
[[CC Wiki:Translate|Add translations]] for these Case Studies.<br />
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=== Wanted List ===<br />
Have an idea for a case study but can't execute? Add your request to [[Talk:Case_Studies]].<br />
<br />
<br clear="both"/><br />
<h2 style="border-bottom:1px solid #b0b0b0; margin-bottom:10px;">Get the book that seeded this database: Building an Australasian Commons</h2><br />
[[Image:Building_an_australassian_commons_thumbnail.jpg|left|160px|link=http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1]]<br />
<div style="margin-left:200px;"><br />
[http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/publications/casestudiesvol1 Building an Australasian Commons] has been produced by [http://creativecommons.org.au Creative Commons Australia] to highlight case studies from the Australasian region.<br />
</div><br />
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{| border="0" style="background:transparent; margin: auto;float:right;"<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
[http://creativecommons.org http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/52/Cc_logo_small.jpg]<br />
||<br />
[http://creativecommons.org.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/6/6b/Cc_au_logo_small.jpg]<br />
||<br />
[http://www.cci.edu.au http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/c/c6/Cci_small.jpg]<br />
|}<br />
<br clear="both" /><br />
<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Pt:Casos de Estudo,Ru:Case Studies<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Metrics]]<br />
[[Category:Project]]<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NOEDITSECTION__</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Data&diff=67877Data2013-05-05T15:02:05Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>''This page supersedes the 2006 document [[Databases and Creative Commons]].''<br />
<br />
Much of the potential value of data is to society at large — more data has the potential to facilitate enhanced scientific collaboration and reproducibility, more efficient markets, increased government and corporate transparency, and overall to speed discovery and understanding of solutions to planetary and societal needs[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
A big part of the potential value of data, in particular its society-wide value, is realized by use across organizational boundaries. How does this occur (legally)? Many sites give narrow permission to use data via terms of service[http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .] Much ad hoc data sharing occurs among researchers. And increasingly, open data is facilitated by sharing under public terms to manage copyright restrictions that might otherwise limit dissemination or reuse of data, e.g. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ CC licenses] or the [[CC0]] public domain dedication.<br />
<br />
Many organizations, institutions, and governments are using CC tools for data. For case studies about how these tools are applied, see:<br />
<br />
===[[Data_and_CC_licenses|Uses of CC Licenses with Data and Databases]]===<br />
===[[CC0_use_for_data|Uses of CC0 with Data and Databases]]===<br />
<br />
You can also read more about [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/26283 Creative Commons' most up-to-date thinking on data and databases], and what you can do to contribute[http://http://lbi-beachrental.com .]<br />
<br />
==Frequently asked questions about data==<br />
<br />
==='''''Can databases be released under CC licenses?'''''===<br />
<br />
Yes, CC licenses can be used on any copyrighted work, including a copyrighted database. A CC license may be applied to any or all copyrighted aspects of a database and its contents. See [[Data#How_do_I_apply_a_CC_legal_tool_to_a_database.3F|below]] for more information regarding how to provide clear notice of what is licensed. Any use of the licensed database or its contents that is restricted by copyright law requires compliance with the relevant license conditions (BY, SA, NC, ND). In their current version (3.0) CC licenses do not require compliance with the license conditions when only sui generis database rights (and not copyright) are implicated. Additionally, the international and "ported" version 3.0 licenses, excluding EU jurisdiction ports, do not grant any permissions where sui generis database rights are implicated. Please see [[Data#How_.28if_at_all.29_are_sui_generis_database_rights_addressed_in_CC_licenses.3F|below]] for more detail.<br />
<br />
CC0, the public domain dedication, can also be used on databases. The effect is to waive all copyright and related rights in the database, placing it as close as possible into the worldwide public domain. In certain domains, such as science and government, there are important reasons to consider using tools like CC0. Waiving copyright and related rights eliminates all uncertainty for potential users, encouraging maximal reuse and sharing of information. Where waiver is not a viable option and some conditions on reuse are necessary, rights holders should [http://www.ivir.nl/publications/eechoud/CC_PublicSectorInformation_report_v3.pdf consider] using CC licenses that give the public more freedom to reuse and remix the content. <br />
<br />
==='''''Which components of a database are protected by copyright?'''''===<br />
<br />
With databases, there are likely four components to consider: (1) the database model or structure, (2) the data entry and output sheet, (3) field names, and (4) the data.<br />
<br />
The '''database model''' is a specification describing how a database is structured and organized, including database tables and table indexes. The selection, coordination, and arrangement of the contents is subject to copyright if it is sufficiently original. The threshold of originality required for copyright is fairly low in many jurisdictions. For example, while courts in the United States have held that an alphabetical telephone directory did not have sufficient originality to merit copyright protection, an organized directory of Chinese-American businesses in a particular area did. These determinations are very fact-specific (no pun intended) and vary by jurisdiction.<br />
<br />
The '''data entry and output sheets''' contain questions, and the answers to these questions are stored in a database. For example, a web page asking a scientist to enter a gene’s name, its pathway information, and its ontology would constitute a data entry sheet. The format and layout of these sheets are protected by copyright according to the same standard of originality used to analyze copyright in the database model.<br />
<br />
'''Field names''' describe data sets. For example, “address” might be the name of the field for street address information. These are less likely to be protected by copyright because they often do not reflect originality.<br />
<br />
The '''data''' contained in the database are subject to copyright if they are sufficiently creative. Original poems contained in a database would be protected by copyright, but purely factual data (such as gene names without more) contained in a database would not. Facts are not subject to copyright, nor are the ideas underlying copyrighted content.<br />
<br />
==='''''How do I know whether a particular use of a database is restricted by copyright?'''''===<br />
<br />
When the database structure or contents are subject to copyright, reproducing, distributing, or modifying the database will often be restricted by copyright law. If the database is released under a CC license, that means reproduction, distribution, or modification will likely require compliance with the relevant license conditions, including attribution.<br />
<br />
However, it is important to note that some uses of a copyrighted database will not be restricted by copyright. It may be possible, for example, to rearrange or modify the uncopyrightable data in a way that does not implicate the copyright in the database structure. For example, while (as noted above) a court in the United States held that a directory of Chinese-American businesses was restricted by copyright, the same court went on to hold that a directory that duplicated hundreds of its listings was not infringing because the listings were categorized and arranged in a sufficiently dissimilar way. In those situations, compliance with the license conditions is not required unless the database contents are themselves restricted by copyright.<br />
<br />
Similarly, even where database contents are subject to copyright and published under a CC license, use of the facts and ideas found in the contents will not require attribution (or compliance with other applicable license conditions), unless doing so implicates copyright in the database structure as explained above. This important limitation of CC licenses is reflected in the license deed, where it indicates that the license does not extend to those elements of the work in the public domain. <br />
<br />
==='''''What are sui generis database rights?'''''===<br />
<br />
Sui generis database rights are different from, but often overlap with, copyright. Sui generis database rights exist to recognize the investment required to compile a database, whether or not the database meets the originality requirement in copyright law. Established by [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0009:EN:HTML Directive 96/9/EC] of the European Parliament, sui generis database rights prohibit the extraction or reutilization of a substantial portion (defined in both qualitative and quantitative terms) of the contents of a database. The Directive has been implemented in the national legislation of all EU member countries. Outside of the European Union, similar database-like rights have been established in several countries, including Mexico and South Korea. <br />
<br />
==='''''How (if at all) are sui generis database rights addressed in CC licenses?'''''===<br />
<br />
The treatment of sui generis database rights varies among the CC version 3.0 licenses, but the practical result is always the same: compliance with the license conditions is not required where sui generis database rights - but not copyright - are implicated. This means that if someone takes a substantial portion of a CC-licensed database and uses it in a way that does not implicate copyright (e.g., by rearranging purely factual data), she does not have to attribute the licensor or comply with the other license conditions, even if the database is protected by sui generis database rights.<br />
<br />
While this treatment is the same across all CC version 3.0 licenses, the reason for this outcome varies. In the ported 3.0 licenses ported to the laws of EU jurisdictions, works subject to copyright and/or sui generis database rights are licensed and subject to the CC license terms and conditions. In those ported licenses, however, the conditions of the license are explicitly waived when use of the licensed work only involves the exercise of database rights and not copyright.<br />
<br />
By contrast, all other 3.0 licenses (including ported licenses for non-EU jurisdictions and the international licenses) do not license sui generis database rights at all. As a result, the license conditions do not (nor could they) attach to uses implicating database rights and not copyright. It also means a licensee may need separate permission if they plan to use the database in a way that implicates database rights (although there may arguably be an implied right to do so).<br />
<br />
CC is [https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/29639 leaning toward] changing how its licenses treat sui generis database rights in version 4.0. If pursued, those rights would be fully licensed and subject to the same terms and conditions as copyright, without any waiver of the license conditions where only those rights are implicated. Read more about the issue -- including important limitations that would avoid imposing restrictions where those rights do not exist -- on the [[4.0/License subject matter|version 4.0 wiki]]. <br />
<br />
==='''''How do I apply a CC legal tool to a database?'''''===<br />
<br />
Before making a database available under a CC license, a database provider must first make sure she has all rights necessary to do so. Often, the database provider is not the original author of the database contents, which may mean the database provider needs separate permissions from third parties before publishing the database under a CC legal tool. For more information, read our [[Before_Licensing|pre-licensing]] guidelines.<br />
<br />
Also, the database provider must consider what elements of the database she wants to be covered by the CC legal tool and identify those elements in a manner that reusers will see and understand. Please see our [[Marking/Creators|marking page]] for more information on how to clearly distinguish unlicensed content.</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=CC0&diff=67876CC02013-05-05T14:57:30Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''CC0''' is the "no rights reserved" in Creative Commons licensing - it effectively means releasing your work as [[public domain]][http://losangelescourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
CC0 is a single purpose tool, designed to take on the dedication function of the former [[Public Domain Dedication and Certification]][http://atlantareporting.com .]<br />
<br />
How effectively this works may depend on your legal regime, but the tool is intended to effectively release rights even in legal contexts where this is difficult[http://www.newyorkcourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
Note that CC0 is a three-tier instrument. We recognize that a waiver may not be effective in most jurisdictions, and CC0's enforceability is not solely dependent on the waiver. The fall back public license is similar to our Attribution-only license with the attribution requirement waived. The BY license is enforceable around the world -- this public license tier is in some ways the core of CC0. The third and final tier is a non assertion by the copyright holder that even if the waiver and license do not operate as intended, the copyright holder will not take any actions that prevents a user of the work from exercising rights consistent with the intention of the copyright holder. <br />
<br />
For detailed information see [[CC0 FAQ]].<br />
<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Pt:CC0, Ksh:CC0, Fr:CC0, De:CC0<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:License]]<br />
[[Category:CC0]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67875Public domain2013-05-05T14:52:22Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses[http://courtreportingagency.com .]<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [mmm.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available[mmm.//slimfastclinic.com/ .] This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [mmm.//mmm.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status[http://atlantareporting.com .] Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67664Public domain2013-05-02T16:51:57Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .]<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses[http://courtreportingagency.com .]<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status[http://atlantareporting.com .] Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67532Public domain2013-04-30T22:04:36Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index ofknown to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67208Public domain2013-04-25T14:22:32Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way[http://courtreportingagency.com .]<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyrigh[http://losangelescourtreporting .] For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .] This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz sites] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=67121Public domain2013-04-24T14:39:40Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyrigh. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of sites known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66916Public domain2013-04-22T12:54:47Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyrigh. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of sites known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66841Public domain2013-04-20T18:00:56Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter[http://www.teamlaw.com .] For example[http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com ,] [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .] At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright[http://courtreportingagency.com .] For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].[http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66646Public domain2013-04-17T19:21:56Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].gov's public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of site known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66576Public domain2013-04-16T20:57:16Z<p>Nextlevel: /* When does a work enter the public domain? */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country[http://www.cprlaw.com .] To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright].gov's public domain page.<br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://www.teamlaw.com .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of site known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66462Public domain2013-04-14T23:12:53Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.cprlaw.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions[http://www.teamlaw.com .] At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page][http://debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .] <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66451Public domain2013-04-14T14:40:52Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.cprlaw.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright[http://losangelescourtreporting.com .] For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent [http://www.teamlaw.com legally] possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about [http://webmediavault.com public domain] can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66448Public domain2013-04-14T14:14:33Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent [http://www.teamlaw.com legally] possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.<br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about [http://webmediavault.com public domain] can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=66112Legal Concepts2013-04-10T15:06:27Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://philadelphiacourtreporting.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.mrpattorneys.com McDowell]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.njfop.org NJ FOP]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sugarmanlawfirm.com Barry Sugarman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.seikalystewart.com Jeff Stewart]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.losangelescourtreporting.com Courts]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.tomeslaw.com Frances Tomes]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=66111Legal Concepts2013-04-10T14:57:04Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://philadelphiacourtreporting.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.mrpattorneys.com McDowell]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.njfop.org NJ FOP]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sugarmanlawfirm.com Barry Sugarman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.seikalystewart.com Jeff Stewart]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.losangelescourtreporting.com Courts]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66110Public domain2013-04-10T14:46:34Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Appropedia's Public Domain Search */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable [http://www.seikalystewart.com law], because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses. [http://originaltattoos.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/tattoo-me-now-full-review.html]<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public [http://www.teamlaw.com domain], see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
[http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain [http://webmediavault.com/ for more information] on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. [http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/tycoon-gold-addon-full-review.html#.UWSuQ1dfZ8E]<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com .]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search [http://hemorrhoidhomecure.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
[http://beginnersguideworldofwarcraft.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
[http://losangelescourtreporting.com]<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66109Public domain2013-04-10T14:44:25Z<p>Nextlevel: </p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable [http://www.seikalystewart.com law], because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses. [http://originaltattoos.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/tattoo-me-now-full-review.html]<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public [http://www.teamlaw.com domain], see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
[http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain [http://webmediavault.com/ for more information] on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. [http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/tycoon-gold-addon-full-review.html#.UWSuQ1dfZ8E]<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search [http://hemorrhoidhomecure.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
[http://beginnersguideworldofwarcraft.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
[http://losangelescourtreporting.com]<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=66108Public domain2013-04-10T14:41:51Z<p>Nextlevel: /* See also */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses. [http://originaltattoos.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/tattoo-me-now-full-review.html]<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
[http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain [http://webmediavault.com/ for more information] on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. [http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/tycoon-gold-addon-full-review.html#.UWSuQ1dfZ8E]<br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search [http://hemorrhoidhomecure.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
[http://beginnersguideworldofwarcraft.blogspot.co.uk/]<br />
[http://losangelescourtreporting.com]<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65757Public domain2013-04-04T13:33:04Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/]When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be [http://www.losangelescourtreporting.com deliberately] freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65756Public domain2013-04-04T13:32:26Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>[http://tycoongoldaddonreview.blogspot.co.uk/]When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be[http://www.losangelescourtreporting.com] deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65639Public domain2013-04-02T13:40:00Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the [http://losangelescourtreporting.com world]. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain [http://www.mrpattorneys.com tools].<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the [http://www.teamlaw.com copyright], or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=65592Legal Concepts2013-03-31T22:42:47Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://philadelphiacourtreporting.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.mrpattorneys.com McDowell]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.njfop.org NJ FOP]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.sugarmanlawfirm.com Barry Sugarman]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65583Public domain2013-03-30T19:54:53Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain [http://www.mrpattorneys.com tools].<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the [http://www.teamlaw.com copyright], or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=65480Legal Concepts2013-03-27T00:11:49Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://philadelphiacourtreporting.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.mrpattorneys.com McDowell]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.njfop.org NJ FOP]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65428Public domain2013-03-24T22:04:11Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the [http://www.teamlaw.com copyright], or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65361Public domain2013-03-23T00:27:43Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Appropedia's Public Domain Search */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -[http://www.kiplingshoulderbag.com -] clearly in the public domain in the United States -[http://www.solarpanelmelbourne.com .] may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks.. It uses a manually maintained index of known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65226Public domain2013-03-17T12:19:11Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -- clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] [http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright [http://newyorkcourtreporting.com/ .] It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65225Public domain2013-03-17T12:16:50Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -- clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] [http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright[http://newyorkcourtreporting.com.] It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65224Public domain2013-03-17T12:14:33Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -- clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] [http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, [http://newyorkcourtreporting.com] or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65187Public domain2013-03-15T11:57:17Z<p>Nextlevel: /* When does a work enter the public domain? */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] -- clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] [http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=65112Legal Concepts2013-03-10T22:50:09Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.njfop.org NJ FOP]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=65111Public domain2013-03-10T22:44:47Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] --[http://seoexpertglobal.com/ -] [http://homesmarket.co.uk/ .] clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the [http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com copyright], or the copyright may lapse after a certain time[http://www.teamlaw.com]. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Public_domain&diff=64922Public domain2013-03-02T23:59:32Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Creative Commons public domain tools */</p>
<hr />
<div>When a work is in the public domain, it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.<br />
<br />
Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example, [http://www.usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] --[http://seoexpertglobal.com/ -] [http://homesmarket.co.uk/ .] clearly in the public domain in the United States -- may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdictions. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CCO ][http://wsoreview.com/ .]<br />
<br />
Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.<br />
<br />
Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain the public domain]<br />
<br />
== When does a work enter the public domain? ==<br />
<br />
This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain, see [http://www.copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html copyright.gov's public domain page]. <br />
<br />
Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term and the public domain] in the United States[http://slimfastclinic.com/ .]<br />
<br />
== Creative Commons public domain tools ==<br />
<br />
* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.<br />
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world. <br />
<br />
See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.<br />
<br />
Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be deliberately freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time[http://www.teamlaw.com]. <br />
<br />
The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].<br />
<br />
== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public domain search available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks as seen on this [http://www.cprlaw.com site]. It uses a manually maintained index of [http://www.bestjuicer.biz site] known to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public domain results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve, and feedback by users is encouraged.<br />
<br />
As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]<br />
{{Translations<br />
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Public domain]]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Legal_Concepts&diff=64824Legal Concepts2013-02-26T11:13:39Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Concepts From Law Firms */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Legal]]<br />
[[Category:Probably outdated]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more about the fundamental concepts that inspire Creative Commons: [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#pd the public domain], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#commons the commons], [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#opencontent open content], and [http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/#ip intellectual property conservancies].<br />
<br />
==The Public Domain==<br />
<br />
Creativity and innovation rely on a rich heritage of prior intellectual endeavor. We stand on the shoulders of giants by revisiting, reusing, and transforming the ideas and works of our peers and predecessors. Digital communications promise a new explosion of this kind of collaborative creative activity. But at the same time, expanding intellectual property protection leaves fewer and fewer creative works in the “public domain” — the body of creative material unfettered by law and, to quote Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, “free as the air to common use.”<br />
<br />
Until 1976, creative works were not protected by U.S. copyright law unless their authors took the trouble to publish a copyright notice along with them. Works not affixed with a notice passed into the public domain. Following legislative changes in 1976 and 1988, creative works are now automatically copyrighted. We believe that many people would not choose this “copyright by default” if they had an easy mechanism for turning their work over to the public or exercising some but not all of their legal rights. It is Creative Commons’ goal to help create such a mechanism. <br />
<br />
===Background on and examples of the value of the public domain===<br />
*“[[Cultivating the Public Domain]],” Creative Commons White Paper.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers.html Conference on the Public Domain], Duke Law School (collected conference papers).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.edwardsamuels.com/copyright/beyond/articles/public.html The Public Domain in Copyright Law],” Edward Samuels, 41 Journal of the Copyright Society 137 (1993).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.law.nyu.edu/ili/conferences/freeinfo2000/abstracts/eisengberg.html The Public Domain in Genomics],” Rebecca A. Eisenberg (2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.pipeline.com/~rabaron/VRA-TM-SF-PublicDomain.htm Making the Public Domain Public],” Robert A. Baron (revised Apr. 28, 2000).<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gutenberg.net Project Gutenberg]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch Eldritch Press]<br />
<br />
===Organizations that support the public domain===<br />
*[http://www.culturalpolicy.org/commons/directorydetail.cfm?ID=139 Center for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.publicknowledge.org/ Public Knowledge]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.public-domain.org/ Union for the Public Domain]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.unesco.org/webworld/index.shtml UNESCO, Communication and Information in the Knowledge Society]<br />
<br />
===The public domain in the news===<br />
*“[http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0216/stirland.php Other People’s Property],” Sarah Lai Stirland, Village Voice (Apr. 2002).<br />
<br />
==The Commons==<br />
Related to the public domain is the more general idea of “the commons” — resources that are not divided into individual bits of property but rather are jointly held so that anyone may use them without special permission. Think of public streets, parks, waterways, outer space, and creative works in the public domain — all of these things are, in a way, part of the commons.<br />
<br />
The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar notion that widespread public use of a commons leads to its inevitable depletion. But some resources, once created, cannot be depleted. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.” An idea is not diminished when more people use it. Creative Commons aspires to cultivate a commons in which people can feel free to reuse not only ideas, but also words, images, and music without asking permission — because permission has already been granted to everyone.<br />
<br />
===Background on the value of the commons===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.bollier.org/pdf/PA_Report.pdf Public Assets, Private Profits],” David Bollier (2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.yesmagazine.com/18Commons/ Reclaiming the Commons],” Yes! Magazine (Summer 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/lessigkeynote.pdf Reclaiming a Commons],” Lawrence Lessig (May 1999).<br />
<br />
==Open Content==<br />
The free software and open source software communities have inspired what is sometimes called “open content.” Some copyright holders have made books, music, and other creative works available under licenses that give anyone permission to copy and make other uses of the works without specific permission or a royalty payment. Creative Commons hopes to build on the work of these pioneers by creating a menu of license provisions that people can combine to make their work available for copying and creative reuses.<br />
<br />
===Background===<br />
*“[http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Open_content Open content],” Wikipedia Encyclopedia.<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4709 Why Open Content Matters],” Bryan Pfaffenberger, Linux Journal (Apr. 11, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/projects/opencontent.html Open Content],” Berkman Center for Internet & Society.<br />
<br />
===Licenses===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/licenses/dsl.html Design Science License]<br />
<br />
*[http://artlibre.org/licence/lalgb.html Free Art License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.fmpl.org/ Free Music Public License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/opl.shtml Open Content License]<br />
<br />
*[http://openmusic.linuxtag.org/showitem.php?item=209 Open Music License]<br />
<br />
*[http://opencontent.org/openpub/ Open Publication License]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property Conservancies==<br />
As we help people make their work available with public domain dedications and generous licenses, we will also build an “intellectual property conservancy.” Like a land trust or nature preserve, the conservancy will serve to protect works of special public value from exclusionary private ownership and from obsolescence due to neglect or technological change. We will encourage people to donate their works to Creative Commons to be held in public trust; in some cases, we may purchase important works to help guarantee both their integrity and widespread availability. Our ultimate goal is to develop a rich repository of high-quality works in a variety of media, and to promote an ethos of sharing, public education, and creative interactivity.<br />
<br />
===Background on intellectual property conservancies===<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october01/kahle/10kahle.html Public Access to Digital Material],” Brewster Kahle, Rick Prelinger, and Mary E. Jackson (Mar. 5, 2001).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december00/bearman/12bearman.html Intellectual Property Conservancies],” David Bearman, D-Lib Magazine (Dec. 2000).<br />
<br />
*“[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/lessig_pr.html May the Source Be With You],” Lawrence Lessig, Wired (Sept. 12, 2001). <br />
<br />
*[http://www.tsc.org/ The Software Conservancy]<br />
<br />
===Legal Concepts From Law Firms===<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cprlaw.com Cohen Placitella Roth]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.teamlaw.com Team Law]<br />
<br />
*[http://courtreportingagency.com Court System]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.goldsteinbachman.com Goldstein Bachman]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.begelmanorlow.com Begelman Orlow & Melletz]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com McDowell Postenock]</div>Nextlevelhttps://wiki.creativecommons.org/index.php?title=Lawyer&diff=64820Lawyer2013-02-26T02:41:45Z<p>Nextlevel: /* Legal Support */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''NOTE: The contents of this wiki page are not intended to be legal advice nor should they be relied upon as or represented to be legal advice. Creative Commons cannot and does not give legal advice. You need to assess the suitability of Creative Commons' tools for your particular situation, which may include obtaining appropriate legal advice from a licensed attorney.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to Participate ==<br />
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* See the generic page: [[Participate|How to Participate]]<br />
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== Legal Support ==<br />
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* Creative Commons cannot recommend legal support. For general inquiries, see http://www.martindale.com<br />
** Otherwise, if you are interested in starting a directory of CC-friendly legal service providers, please do so and let all know :)<br />
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Here is a list of law firms.<br />
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http://www.teamlaw.com<br />
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http://www.sugarmanlawfirm.com<br />
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http://www.cprlaw.com<br />
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http://www.goldsteinbachman.com<br />
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http://www.begelmanorlow.com<br />
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http://www.debtfreefrombankruptcy.com<br />
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http://www.mrpattorneys.com<br />
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== International Porting Process ==<br />
Don't see your jurisdiction listed on [http://creativecommons.org/international|Creative Commons International]? Then consider collaborating with us to begin the license porting process in your area: [[Worldwide Overview]] (includes details about the Porting Process).<br />
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== Law Challenges ==<br />
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* How to jump into being a CC-knowledgeable lawyer. [[Law Challenges|Try one of the Law Challenges]].</div>Nextlevel