Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Case Studies/Flickr

2013-07-17T20:20:38Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Flickr is a popular photo- and video-sharing site that has enabled Creative Commons licenses.
|Mainurl=www.flickr.com
|Author=Flickr
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=photo, folksonomy, technical details
|License_short_name=various
|Format=Image, MovingImage
|Country=United States
|Quote=Making my photos available on flickr using a CC-license has made wonderful things happen. My photos have been used in classrooms, in books and on blogs. They have been used to illustrate articles in Wikipedia or help charities’ fund-raising campaigns.
|Quote_Attribution=Lars Plougmann, http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8157, http://www.flickr.com/people/criminalintent/
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5d/Flickr_by_zanastardust.jpg
|Image_attribution=CC BY by Zanastardust: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zanastardust/145197704/
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
|alt_case_study_title=Flickr
}}
== Overview ==

Launched in 2004 and later acquired by Yahoo, Flickr is an image and video hosting website that allows users to post, share, and comment on each other's content. These photos are organized by user-submitted tags, which generate emergent folksonomies of thematically linked photos. Users can also create photo pools, which allow others to submit images into publicly available repositories. Notably, the site also allows for Creative Commons licensing support in its service, allowing creators to share certain rights for usage of their photos with others. As of late 2009, the site hosts over [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/10/12/4000000000/ four billion images].

[http://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/97258/ According to a Flickr staff member] in mid-2009, the site had acquired 32+ million registered users. Data on how this user base is distributed worldwide remains unclear. However, Flickr has been notably used by activists to compile and publicize events. Clay Shirky's [http://www.herecomeseverybody.org/ Here Comes Everybody] details the role played by Flickr in circulating photos of political protests in Belarus (p. 167). Similarly, Flickr users organized onsite protests against Microsoft's attempted buyout of Yahoo in 2008.

== License Usage ==

Users can choose to release their work under any of the available Creative Commons licenses. As of [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2011/10/05/200-million-creative-commons-photos-and-counting/ October 2011], Flickr hosted over 200 million CC licensed images. In March 2010, Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/20870 summarized] the growth of CC licensed photos on Flickr over the years.
 
 Flickr has also published its [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ shapefile dataset] online, waiving all copyright restrictions via the CC0 public domain dedication. A shapefile is a file containing shapes mathematically generated by thousands of Flickr geotagged photos of particular neighborhoods,[http://www.tranlegroup.com/ Thiet Ke Web] countries, and continents. Shapefile data has been used to reverse-engineer maps with user generated longitude and latitude coordinates that are then demarcated by Where-On-Earth IDs, "[http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/ unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent]."

== Motivations ==

Jon Phillips, who worked closely with Flickr on CC integration, commented that open licensing was useful in "providing an interface with the rest of the world and the blogosphere without having to ask permission. It provided, in short, a clear path to usage."
 
 When Flickr first integrated CC licensing, they [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2004/06/29/creative-commons/ wrote] that "As individuals and as a company we wholeheartedly support and endorse the Creative Commons’ mission and hope to help contribute to the preservation and enhancement of creative freedom and personal expression."
 
 On releasing its shapefile dataset via the CC0 public domain dedication, Flickr [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ gives the following reasons]:
<blockquote><ul><li>We want people (developers, researchers and anyone else who wants to play) to find new and interesting ways to use the shapefiles and we recognize that, in many cases, this means having access to the entire dataset.</li>
<li>We want people to feel both comfortable and confident using this data in their projects and so we opted for a public domain license so no one would have to spend their time wondering about the issue of licensing. We also think the work that the Creative Commons crew is doing is valuable and important and so we chose to release the shapefiles under the CC0 [http://contactspro.net/colored-eye-contacts/ public domain] dedication as a show of support.</li>
<li>We want people to create their own shapefiles and to share them so that other people (including us!) can find interesting ways to use them. We’re pretty sure there’s something to this “shapefile stuff” even if we can’t always put our finger on it so if publishing the dataset will encourage others to do the same then we’re happy to do so.</li></ul></blockquote>

== Technical Details ==

Flickr has implemented 1) a license chooser, 2) the license mark on pages for CC licensed objects, 3) [[CC REL]] metadata, and 4) searching for CC licensed videos.

=== License chooser ===
There are many ways to CC license your content in Flickr. The three main ways are 1) setting a default license for your account to apply the license to all new uploads, 2) batch-licensing all your previous uploads, or 3) selectively licensing some of your photos.

====Setting a default license====
To set a default CC license for your content, follow these directions:

'''1. Go to ''Your account'' and click on the ''Privacy and Permissions'' tab.

[[Image:flickr1.png|border|link=]]

'''2. Scroll down to the ''Defaults for new uploads'' section and look for the following line (you may not already have a default license, but the example below does):'''

[[Image:flickr2.png|border|link=]]

'''3. Click ''Edit'' and you will be taken to a license chooser to select a new default license for new uploads.'''

[[Image:flickr3.png|border|link=]]

====Batch licensing====

After you've set a default license, you might have photos that were uploaded before you set a default license. You can change the licensing status of those images in multiple ways.

'''On the same page you used to set a default license, there is a link to a page where you also have the option to ''Batch edit'' the license for all of your previous uploads. So here you can, for example, CC license all of your previously uploaded photos before you had set a default license.'''

[[Image:flickr4.png|border|link=]]

'''Otherwise, you can select individual sets of photos to change the licensing status of through the [http://www.flickr.com/photos/organize/ Organize view]. On this page, you can drag photos into the screen, select ''Permissions'' and then select ''Change licensing''.

[[Image:flickr5.png|border|link=]]

'''You should be presented with a license chooser:'''

[[Image:flickr6.png|border|link=]]

'''You can also batch edit the licensing status of sets or collections. To do this, open the set or collection in the Organize view and in the ''Batch edit'' menu, select ''Change licensing'':'''

[[Image:flickr7.png|border|link=]]

=== License mark ===
CC license marks appear on pages for specific images.

For example, see [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image].

'''The license mark on that page appears in the right hand column:'''

[[Image:Flickr9.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

That small image and text links to the specific license deed that the photo is under.

'''The CC mark also appears at the bottom of the menu above the image to ''Share this'':'''

[[Image:Flickr10.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

=== Metadata ===

Flickr has implemented a subset of the [[CC REL]] specification by specifying the 'license' and 'cc:license'. Note that both names are contained in a single rel= attribute, which is perfectly valid, although the two terms are equivalent and therefore it isn't necessary to use both. See [[RelLicense|this wiki page]] for more information.

'''For an example, see the source code at the top of [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image's page] for the namespace definitions:'''

<code><nowiki>
<html xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">
</nowiki></code>

'''And then below where the CC BY license is linked to:'''

<code><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en" rel="license cc:license">Some rights reserved</a>
</nowiki></code>

=== CC search ===
You can search for CC licensed content on Flickr by license.

To explore photos by CC license, visit the Creative Commons page and select your desired license.

To search for Creative Commons licensed photos, go to the advanced search page and check the box at the bottom to ''Only search within Creative Commons-licensed content''. Then select the desired license permissions.

[[Image:Flickr8.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/?]]

== Media ==
[http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons licensed photos]

Some collections from Creative Commmons affiliates give a good sense of the type of material collected:

*[http://flickr.com/photos/joi/ Joi Ito]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/fcb/ Fred Benenson]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/itstimhwang Tim Hwang]
*[http://www.visalusscam.org visalus scam]
*[http://musclezx90.blogspot.com ]

[[Category:USA]]

Case Studies/GlaxoSmithKline

2013-07-17T20:18:39Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|Description=GlaxoSmithKline is a major pharmaceutical company that has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria.
|Mainurl=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chemblntd/#tcams_dataset
|Author=ChEMBL-NTD, GlaxoSmithKline
|User_Status=Curator, Creator
|Tag=GSK, GlaxoSmithKline, malaria, disease
|License short name=GNU GPL
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, MovingImage, InteractiveResource, Other, Geodata, Data
|Country=United Kingdom
|Quote=Providing access to this level of information sees GSK set what I would hope to be a new trend that could revolutionise the urgent search for new medicines to tackle malaria. By sharing data, we start to build up a public database of knowledge that should be as powerful as the human genome databases.
|Quote_Attribution=Timothy Wells, Chief Scientific Officer of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/access/rnd-neglected-tropical-diseases.htm)
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/04/Logo-gsk.gif
|Image_attribution=(c) GSK
|Image_license=http://www.gsk.com/terms.htm
|importance=High
|quality=B-Class
|License_short_name=CC0
}}
== Overview ==
One of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the world, GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria. The data set is called Tres Cantos Antimalarial (TCAMS), and is available from the ChEMBL-NTD database, "a repository for Open Access primary screening and medicinal chemistry data directed at neglected diseases - endemic tropical diseases of the developing regions of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas."

== License Usage ==

GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyright in its malaria data set under the CC0 public domain dedication.

== Motivations ==
From GSK's http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/downloads/GSK-CR-2009-full.pdf

<blockquote>"By making this information publicly available, GSK hopes that many other scientists will review this information and analyse the data faster than we could on our own. Hopefully, this will lead to additional research that could help drive the discovery of new medicines. We would also encourage other groups, including academics and pharmaceutical companies, to make their own compounds and related information publicly available.

 This is essentially an example of ‘open source’ being applied to drug discovery. We know that data increases in value when connected with other data and that the more eyes looking at a problem, the more potential solutions may arise."</blockquote>

Research and development (R&D) for diseases prevalent in the developing world are costly and time-consuming and carry less return on investment than R&D for diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, which have a market in the developed world. Since malaria is a disease that primarily affects the developing world, GSK has released malarial data in order to speed the process of R&D, while providing resources that nonprofits and academic institutions don't necessarily have wide access to, such as advanced technologies, facilities for medicinal drug discovery, and manufacturing and distribution expertise. For more information, see GSK's 2009 [http://watersoftenerreviewspro.com/ report on]

== Media ==
[http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100120/full/news.2010.20.html Nature - GlaxoSmithKline goes public with malaria data]
 
[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/20/glaxo-malaria-drugs-public-domain The Guardian - Glaxo offers free access to potential malaria cures]
 
[http://www.gsk.com/media/malaria.htm GSK's commitment to fighting Malaria]
 
http://musclezx90.blogspot.com/
 
[http://www.gsk.com/media/pressreleases/2010/2010_pressrelease_10009.htm press release]
 
[http://jogosdecarross.org jogos carros]
 
[http://jogos-da-monica.org jogos monica]
 
[http://jogosde-cozinhar.org jogos cozinhar]

Case Studies/Powerhouse Museum, Sydney

2013-07-17T20:17:12Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Statistics */

{{Case Study
|Description=Sydney’s Powerhouse Museum offers an iconic collection of Australian cultural artefacts whose images are captured in PHM’s ‘Photo of the Day’, plus a suite of educational materials under the banner of ‘Play’. On 7 April 2008, PHM became the first museum in the world to share its historic images on the Flickr Commons.
|Mainurl=http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/, http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/
|Author=Powerhouse Museum Sydney (PHM)
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=Flickr, commons, archive, history, Sydney, Australia, play, education, photography, images
|Format=Image, Text, InteractiveResource
|Country=Australia
|Quote=It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.
|Quote_Attribution=Geoff Friend, Powerhouse Museum Photography Manager
|Image_Header=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2393/2325760918_6d0f3d715a_o.jpg
|Image_attribution=''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/ The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district. File# 00z19014 Photography by Andrew Frolows
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|License_short_name=PD, CC BY-NC-ND, CC BY-NC-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/, http://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/
}}
== Overview ==
The [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/ Powerhouse Museum, Sydney (PHM)] is one of Australia’s premier cultural institutions, housing collections which express the nation’s innovation and creativity in science, technology, and the arts. With 22 permanent exhibitions, as well as 250 interactive displays, over 388,000 historically-significant objects are curated by museum staff across an area of 20,000 square metres, the equivalent of three international competition soccer fields. PHM was opened to the public on 10 March 1988, with the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/aboutMuseum.asp vision] that ‘celebrates human creativity and innovation in ways that engage, inform and inspire diverse audiences.’

PHM’s history and exhibitions are captured in the Museum’s [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/ ‘Photo of the Day’], a blog which features photographs pertaining to its vast collection. [http://www.findbusinesstelephonesystems.co.uk business telephone systems] Shot by PHM’s professional photographers for a variety of purposes – documenting PHM’s public events, programs and exhibitions, to behind-the-scenes operations – the images form a rich archive of life in New South Wales and beyond, as well as detailing aspects and activities of the PHM hitherto unseen. A selection of these photographs is hosted on [http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/ Flickr].

On 7 April 2008, PHM announced its collaboration with Flickr to create [http://www.flickr.com/commons/ ‘The Commons’], becoming the first museum in the world to release publicly-held historical photographs for access on the photo-sharing platform. PHM selected its Tyrrell Photographic Collection for display, an extensive series of glass plate negatives taken by photographers Charles Kerry (1857-1928) and Henry King (1855-1923), showing Sydney life in the late 19th and early 20th century. The initial [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/ Flickr collection] consists of 200 black and white Tyrrell images, which are now available for public tagging and comment. PHM’s curators continue to upload [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ 50 new images] every week from the collection’s 7903 images, and, where possible, add geotags to create an [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2376052141/map/?view=users interactive map] documenting the position of the photographic content.

New South Wales Minister for the Arts Frank Sartor said in response to the announcement:
:‘The Powerhouse Museum initiative shows that the NSW Government is a leader in increasing public access to Australian cultural collections. These evocative images of historic Sydney and early Australian life will greatly appeal to people from around the world, as well as Australians.’

[http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/ ‘Play at Powerhouse’] is PHM’s education program for children. It provides a resource designed for children aged up to 10 years, and involves parents and carers. ‘Play’ includes information about visiting the PHM with children, and offers activities and games around the topics of science and design to engage children at home. These can be downloaded and completed independently, but are clearly designed to enhance a visit to the Museum. The project is overseen by the Web Service Unit at the PHM, headed by Sebastian Chan.

== Statistics ==
PHM’s website received over 7.6 million unique hits in the 2006-7 financial year. This was in addition to seeing in excess of 621,000 visitors on site, and 426,000 through the travelling exhibitions. The Museum hosts over 385,000 objects in the fields of science, technology, industry, history, decorative arts, music, transport and space exploration. Icons and artefacts are displayed over 11 kilometres of gallery space as well as online.

According to Sebastian Chan’s blog post on [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/09/24-hours-later-powerhouse-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ fresh + new(er)], the reaction to PHM’s Flickr Commons initiative has been remarkable. In the day following PHM’s public announcement, the Tyrrell collection received ‘plenty of views (4777), and stacks of tags (175) - in such a short time.’ In the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ first week] of the Tyrrell collection being hosted on Flickr, PHM received nearly 20,000 views and ‘an enormous amount of tagging and "favouriting" activity combined with many congratulatory messages and support for the Museum’s release of these images into the Commons.’

== License Usage ==
The rights and permissions pertaining to PHM’s content are clarified [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/?page_id=157 here], which specifies that materials housed at the Museum fall into three categories: full copyright, ‘no known copyright,’ and ‘Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivatives.’

In relation to the application of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND licence, the [http://www.lblognetwork.com site] explains:
:‘This licence is used on some parts of our website. Examples are our own photography in the Photo of the Day blog and also for children’s activities on our Play at Powerhouse website. This license means that you can republish this material for any non-commercial purpose as long as you give attribution back to the Powerhouse Museum as the creator and that you do not modify the work in any way. A more detailed explanation of the license is available from Creative Commons.’

In April 2007, Play’s downloadable materials were licensed using the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Licence]. According to web master Sebastian Chan, the intention in licensing under Creative Commons was to allow school children and teachers to use these resources in a multitude of ways whilst balancing PHM’s internal needs.

In late November 2007, selected image from ‘Photo of the Day’ such as [http://www.geodesicdomehomes.net geodesic dome greenhouse] were similarly licensed. The Museum’s photographers were involved to a large part in the discussions about licensing for this project, with all agreeing to the use of CC. Having Creative Commons licensing on certain images was felt potentially to encourage interest and sales of the All Rights Reserved photos, and to enable the collection to be seen and used to a greater degree.

In relation to images displayed on Flickr Commons, the ‘no known copyright’ category indicates that the Museum is unaware of any current Copyright restrictions on this work. ‘This can be because the term of Copyright for this work may have expired or that Copyright does not apply to this type of work.’

== Motivations ==
Creative Commons Australia has been excited to follow the progress of PHM’s initiatives, and has spoken to the respective members of PHM’s development and curatorial teams over this period. Sebastian Chan, head of PHM’s Web Service Unit, expressed the following opinion about Creative Commons licensing on 17 March 2008:
:‘Creative Commons provided the perfect licensing for the craft activities on our children’s website – http://play.powerhousemuseum.com. We wanted to ensure that children, parents and teachers could download, duplicate and reuse all the craft activities on the site whilst protecting the Museum’s authorship. Creative Commons also provides a means for us to encourage the use of these in schools without teachers needing to be fearful of paying CAL fees for their use.’

Paula Bray, Manager of the Powerhouse’s Image Services, agreed with this sentiment:
:‘It is great to be able to use the Creative Commons licensing tool so our audience can clearly see what the conditions of use are for Powerhouse Museum Photo of the Day images. This informative licensing model will hopefully educate people on the often complicated conditions surrounding copyright. We are using this licensing tool for our blog "Photo of the Day" to support non-commercial use of our images.’

In addition, Paula directed us towards Geoff Friend, PHM’s Photography Manager, who supports the move towards Creative Commons licences:
:‘Creative Commons offers a flexible addition to the standard copyright symbol we’ve been using for many years and the great thing is it allows photographers and other creators to choose different licensing options. It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.’

Further statements pertaining to PHM’s Tyrrell collection can be found here [internal link].

== Media ==
''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/
The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district.
File# 00z19014
Photography by Andrew Frolows

Case Studies/Powerhouse Museum, Sydney

2013-07-17T20:16:47Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Statistics */

{{Case Study
|Description=Sydney’s Powerhouse Museum offers an iconic collection of Australian cultural artefacts whose images are captured in PHM’s ‘Photo of the Day’, plus a suite of educational materials under the banner of ‘Play’. On 7 April 2008, PHM became the first museum in the world to share its historic images on the Flickr Commons.
|Mainurl=http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/, http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/
|Author=Powerhouse Museum Sydney (PHM)
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=Flickr, commons, archive, history, Sydney, Australia, play, education, photography, images
|Format=Image, Text, InteractiveResource
|Country=Australia
|Quote=It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.
|Quote_Attribution=Geoff Friend, Powerhouse Museum Photography Manager
|Image_Header=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2393/2325760918_6d0f3d715a_o.jpg
|Image_attribution=''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/ The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district. File# 00z19014 Photography by Andrew Frolows
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|License_short_name=PD, CC BY-NC-ND, CC BY-NC-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/, http://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/
}}
== Overview ==
The [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/ Powerhouse Museum, Sydney (PHM)] is one of Australia’s premier cultural institutions, housing collections which express the nation’s innovation and creativity in science, technology, and the arts. With 22 permanent exhibitions, as well as 250 interactive displays, over 388,000 historically-significant objects are curated by museum staff across an area of 20,000 square metres, the equivalent of three international competition soccer fields. PHM was opened to the public on 10 March 1988, with the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/aboutMuseum.asp vision] that ‘celebrates human creativity and innovation in ways that engage, inform and inspire diverse audiences.’

PHM’s history and exhibitions are captured in the Museum’s [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/ ‘Photo of the Day’], a blog which features photographs pertaining to its vast collection. [http://www.findbusinesstelephonesystems.co.uk business telephone systems] Shot by PHM’s professional photographers for a variety of purposes – documenting PHM’s public events, programs and exhibitions, to behind-the-scenes operations – the images form a rich archive of life in New South Wales and beyond, as well as detailing aspects and activities of the PHM hitherto unseen. A selection of these photographs is hosted on [http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/ Flickr].

On 7 April 2008, PHM announced its collaboration with Flickr to create [http://www.flickr.com/commons/ ‘The Commons’], becoming the first museum in the world to release publicly-held historical photographs for access on the photo-sharing platform. PHM selected its Tyrrell Photographic Collection for display, an extensive series of glass plate negatives taken by photographers Charles Kerry (1857-1928) and Henry King (1855-1923), showing Sydney life in the late 19th and early 20th century. The initial [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/ Flickr collection] consists of 200 black and white Tyrrell images, which are now available for public tagging and comment. PHM’s curators continue to upload [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ 50 new images] every week from the collection’s 7903 images, and, where possible, add geotags to create an [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2376052141/map/?view=users interactive map] documenting the position of the photographic content.

New South Wales Minister for the Arts Frank Sartor said in response to the announcement:
:‘The Powerhouse Museum initiative shows that the NSW Government is a leader in increasing public access to Australian cultural collections. These evocative images of historic Sydney and early Australian life will greatly appeal to people from around the world, as well as Australians.’

[http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/ ‘Play at Powerhouse’] is PHM’s education program for children. It provides a resource designed for children aged up to 10 years, and involves parents and carers. ‘Play’ includes information about visiting the PHM with children, and offers activities and games around the topics of science and design to engage children at home. These can be downloaded and completed independently, but are clearly designed to enhance a visit to the Museum. The project is overseen by the Web Service Unit at the PHM, headed by Sebastian Chan.

== Statistics ==
PHM’s website received over 7.6 million unique hits in the 2006-7 financial year. This was in addition to seeing in excess of 621,000 visitors on site, and 426,000 through the travelling exhibitions. The Museum hosts over 385,000 objects in the fields of science, technology, industry, history, decorative arts, music, transport and space exploration. Icons and artefacts are displayed over 11 kilometres of gallery space as well as online.

According to Sebastian Chan’s blog post on [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/09/24-hours-later-powerhouse-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ fresh + new(er)], the reaction to PHM’s Flickr Commons initiative has been remarkable. In the day following PHM’s public announcement, the Tyrrell collection received ‘plenty of views (4777), and stacks of tags (175) - in such a short time.’ In the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ first week] of the Tyrrell collection being hosted on Flickr, PHM received nearly 20,000 views and ‘an enormous amount of tagging and "favouriting" activity combined with many congratulatory messages and support for the Museum’s release of these images into the Commons.’ http://www.Google.com

== License Usage ==
The rights and permissions pertaining to PHM’s content are clarified [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/?page_id=157 here], which specifies that materials housed at the Museum fall into three categories: full copyright, ‘no known copyright,’ and ‘Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivatives.’

In relation to the application of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND licence, the [http://www.lblognetwork.com site] explains:
:‘This licence is used on some parts of our website. Examples are our own photography in the Photo of the Day blog and also for children’s activities on our Play at Powerhouse website. This license means that you can republish this material for any non-commercial purpose as long as you give attribution back to the Powerhouse Museum as the creator and that you do not modify the work in any way. A more detailed explanation of the license is available from Creative Commons.’

In April 2007, Play’s downloadable materials were licensed using the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Licence]. According to web master Sebastian Chan, the intention in licensing under Creative Commons was to allow school children and teachers to use these resources in a multitude of ways whilst balancing PHM’s internal needs.

In late November 2007, selected image from ‘Photo of the Day’ such as [http://www.geodesicdomehomes.net geodesic dome greenhouse] were similarly licensed. The Museum’s photographers were involved to a large part in the discussions about licensing for this project, with all agreeing to the use of CC. Having Creative Commons licensing on certain images was felt potentially to encourage interest and sales of the All Rights Reserved photos, and to enable the collection to be seen and used to a greater degree.

In relation to images displayed on Flickr Commons, the ‘no known copyright’ category indicates that the Museum is unaware of any current Copyright restrictions on this work. ‘This can be because the term of Copyright for this work may have expired or that Copyright does not apply to this type of work.’

== Motivations ==
Creative Commons Australia has been excited to follow the progress of PHM’s initiatives, and has spoken to the respective members of PHM’s development and curatorial teams over this period. Sebastian Chan, head of PHM’s Web Service Unit, expressed the following opinion about Creative Commons licensing on 17 March 2008:
:‘Creative Commons provided the perfect licensing for the craft activities on our children’s website – http://play.powerhousemuseum.com. We wanted to ensure that children, parents and teachers could download, duplicate and reuse all the craft activities on the site whilst protecting the Museum’s authorship. Creative Commons also provides a means for us to encourage the use of these in schools without teachers needing to be fearful of paying CAL fees for their use.’

Paula Bray, Manager of the Powerhouse’s Image Services, agreed with this sentiment:
:‘It is great to be able to use the Creative Commons licensing tool so our audience can clearly see what the conditions of use are for Powerhouse Museum Photo of the Day images. This informative licensing model will hopefully educate people on the often complicated conditions surrounding copyright. We are using this licensing tool for our blog "Photo of the Day" to support non-commercial use of our images.’

In addition, Paula directed us towards Geoff Friend, PHM’s Photography Manager, who supports the move towards Creative Commons licences:
:‘Creative Commons offers a flexible addition to the standard copyright symbol we’ve been using for many years and the great thing is it allows photographers and other creators to choose different licensing options. It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.’

Further statements pertaining to PHM’s Tyrrell collection can be found here [internal link].

== Media ==
''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/
The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district.
File# 00z19014
Photography by Andrew Frolows

Case Studies/Powerhouse Museum, Sydney

2013-07-17T20:15:28Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Overview */

{{Case Study
|Description=Sydney’s Powerhouse Museum offers an iconic collection of Australian cultural artefacts whose images are captured in PHM’s ‘Photo of the Day’, plus a suite of educational materials under the banner of ‘Play’. On 7 April 2008, PHM became the first museum in the world to share its historic images on the Flickr Commons.
|Mainurl=http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/, http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/
|Author=Powerhouse Museum Sydney (PHM)
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=Flickr, commons, archive, history, Sydney, Australia, play, education, photography, images
|Format=Image, Text, InteractiveResource
|Country=Australia
|Quote=It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.
|Quote_Attribution=Geoff Friend, Powerhouse Museum Photography Manager
|Image_Header=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2393/2325760918_6d0f3d715a_o.jpg
|Image_attribution=''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/ The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district. File# 00z19014 Photography by Andrew Frolows
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|License_short_name=PD, CC BY-NC-ND, CC BY-NC-SA
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/, http://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/
}}
== Overview ==
The [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/ Powerhouse Museum, Sydney (PHM)] is one of Australia’s premier cultural institutions, housing collections which express the nation’s innovation and creativity in science, technology, and the arts. With 22 permanent exhibitions, as well as 250 interactive displays, over 388,000 historically-significant objects are curated by museum staff across an area of 20,000 square metres, the equivalent of three international competition soccer fields. PHM was opened to the public on 10 March 1988, with the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/aboutMuseum.asp vision] that ‘celebrates human creativity and innovation in ways that engage, inform and inspire diverse audiences.’

PHM’s history and exhibitions are captured in the Museum’s [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/ ‘Photo of the Day’], a blog which features photographs pertaining to its vast collection. [http://www.findbusinesstelephonesystems.co.uk business telephone systems] Shot by PHM’s professional photographers for a variety of purposes – documenting PHM’s public events, programs and exhibitions, to behind-the-scenes operations – the images form a rich archive of life in New South Wales and beyond, as well as detailing aspects and activities of the PHM hitherto unseen. A selection of these photographs is hosted on [http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/ Flickr].

On 7 April 2008, PHM announced its collaboration with Flickr to create [http://www.flickr.com/commons/ ‘The Commons’], becoming the first museum in the world to release publicly-held historical photographs for access on the photo-sharing platform. PHM selected its Tyrrell Photographic Collection for display, an extensive series of glass plate negatives taken by photographers Charles Kerry (1857-1928) and Henry King (1855-1923), showing Sydney life in the late 19th and early 20th century. The initial [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/ Flickr collection] consists of 200 black and white Tyrrell images, which are now available for public tagging and comment. PHM’s curators continue to upload [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ 50 new images] every week from the collection’s 7903 images, and, where possible, add geotags to create an [http://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2376052141/map/?view=users interactive map] documenting the position of the photographic content.

New South Wales Minister for the Arts Frank Sartor said in response to the announcement:
:‘The Powerhouse Museum initiative shows that the NSW Government is a leader in increasing public access to Australian cultural collections. These evocative images of historic Sydney and early Australian life will greatly appeal to people from around the world, as well as Australians.’

[http://play.powerhousemuseum.com/ ‘Play at Powerhouse’] is PHM’s education program for children. It provides a resource designed for children aged up to 10 years, and involves parents and carers. ‘Play’ includes information about visiting the PHM with children, and offers activities and games around the topics of science and design to engage children at home. These can be downloaded and completed independently, but are clearly designed to enhance a visit to the Museum. The project is overseen by the Web Service Unit at the PHM, headed by Sebastian Chan.

== Statistics ==
PHM’s website received over 7.6 million unique hits in the 2006-7 financial year. This was in addition to seeing in excess of 621,000 visitors on site, and 426,000 through the travelling exhibitions. The Museum hosts over 385,000 objects in the fields of science, technology, industry, history, decorative arts, music, transport and space exploration. Icons and artefacts are displayed over 11 kilometres of gallery space as well as online.

According to Sebastian Chan’s blog post on [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/09/24-hours-later-powerhouse-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ fresh + new(er)], the reaction to PHM’s Flickr Commons initiative has been remarkable. In the day following PHM’s public announcement, the Tyrrell collection received ‘plenty of views (4777), and stacks of tags (175) - in such a short time.’ In the [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/2008/04/16/50-new-images-on-the-commons-on-flickr/ first week] of the Tyrrell collection being hosted on Flickr, PHM received nearly 20,000 views and ‘an enormous amount of tagging and "favouriting" activity combined with many congratulatory messages and support for the Museum’s release of these images into the Commons.’
== License Usage ==
The rights and permissions pertaining to PHM’s content are clarified [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/imageservices/?page_id=157 here], which specifies that materials housed at the Museum fall into three categories: full copyright, ‘no known copyright,’ and ‘Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivatives.’

In relation to the application of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND licence, the [http://www.lblognetwork.com site] explains:
:‘This licence is used on some parts of our website. Examples are our own photography in the Photo of the Day blog and also for children’s activities on our Play at Powerhouse website. This license means that you can republish this material for any non-commercial purpose as long as you give attribution back to the Powerhouse Museum as the creator and that you do not modify the work in any way. A more detailed explanation of the license is available from Creative Commons.’

In April 2007, Play’s downloadable materials were licensed using the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Licence]. According to web master Sebastian Chan, the intention in licensing under Creative Commons was to allow school children and teachers to use these resources in a multitude of ways whilst balancing PHM’s internal needs.

In late November 2007, selected image from ‘Photo of the Day’ such as [http://www.geodesicdomehomes.net geodesic dome greenhouse] were similarly licensed. The Museum’s photographers were involved to a large part in the discussions about licensing for this project, with all agreeing to the use of CC. Having Creative Commons licensing on certain images was felt potentially to encourage interest and sales of the All Rights Reserved photos, and to enable the collection to be seen and used to a greater degree.

In relation to images displayed on Flickr Commons, the ‘no known copyright’ category indicates that the Museum is unaware of any current Copyright restrictions on this work. ‘This can be because the term of Copyright for this work may have expired or that Copyright does not apply to this type of work.’

== Motivations ==
Creative Commons Australia has been excited to follow the progress of PHM’s initiatives, and has spoken to the respective members of PHM’s development and curatorial teams over this period. Sebastian Chan, head of PHM’s Web Service Unit, expressed the following opinion about Creative Commons licensing on 17 March 2008:
:‘Creative Commons provided the perfect licensing for the craft activities on our children’s website – http://play.powerhousemuseum.com. We wanted to ensure that children, parents and teachers could download, duplicate and reuse all the craft activities on the site whilst protecting the Museum’s authorship. Creative Commons also provides a means for us to encourage the use of these in schools without teachers needing to be fearful of paying CAL fees for their use.’

Paula Bray, Manager of the Powerhouse’s Image Services, agreed with this sentiment:
:‘It is great to be able to use the Creative Commons licensing tool so our audience can clearly see what the conditions of use are for Powerhouse Museum Photo of the Day images. This informative licensing model will hopefully educate people on the often complicated conditions surrounding copyright. We are using this licensing tool for our blog "Photo of the Day" to support non-commercial use of our images.’

In addition, Paula directed us towards Geoff Friend, PHM’s Photography Manager, who supports the move towards Creative Commons licences:
:‘Creative Commons offers a flexible addition to the standard copyright symbol we’ve been using for many years and the great thing is it allows photographers and other creators to choose different licensing options. It’s great to see our images displayed, acknowledged, accessed and appreciated by so many passionate enthusiasts that we can engage with on our favourite subject, and hopefully so others can learn from our images.’

Further statements pertaining to PHM’s Tyrrell collection can be found here [internal link].

== Media ==
''Powerhouse Museum at dusk'', licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16870059@N04/2325760918/
The Powerhouse Museum, Sydney designed by Architect: Lionel Glendenning. The museum is located in Ultimo and is close to Sydney's central business district.
File# 00z19014
Photography by Andrew Frolows

Case Studies/Flickr

2013-07-17T20:12:26Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Overview */

Case Studies/Flickr

2013-07-17T20:11:28Z

Mike.Moench8: /* CC search */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Flickr is a popular photo- and video-sharing site that has enabled Creative Commons licenses.
|Mainurl=www.flickr.com
|Author=Flickr
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=photo, folksonomy, technical details
|License_short_name=various
|Format=Image, MovingImage
|Country=United States
|Quote=Making my photos available on flickr using a CC-license has made wonderful things happen. My photos have been used in classrooms, in books and on blogs. They have been used to illustrate articles in Wikipedia or help charities’ fund-raising campaigns.
|Quote_Attribution=Lars Plougmann, http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8157, http://www.flickr.com/people/criminalintent/
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5d/Flickr_by_zanastardust.jpg
|Image_attribution=CC BY by Zanastardust: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zanastardust/145197704/
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
|alt_case_study_title=Flickr
}}
== Overview ==

Launched in 2004 and later acquired by Yahoo, Flickr is an image and video hosting website that allows users to post, share, and comment on each other's content. These photos are organized by user-submitted tags, which generate emergent folksonomies of thematically linked photos. Users can also create photo pools, which allow others to submit images into publicly available repositories. Notably, the site also allows for Creative Commons licensing support in its service, allowing creators to share certain rights for usage of their photos with others. As of late 2009, the site hosts over [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/10/12/4000000000/ four billion images].

[http://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/97258/ According to a Flickr staff member] in mid-2009, the site had acquired 32+ million registered users. Data on how this user base is distributed worldwide remains unclear. However, Flickr has been notably used by activists to compile and publicize events. Clay Shirky's [http://www.herecomeseverybody.org/ Here Comes Everybody] details the role played by Flickr in circulating photos of political protests in Belarus (p. 167). Similarly, Flickr users [http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/02/04/flickrs-version-of-a-mass-protest/ organized onsite protests] against Microsoft's attempted buyout of Yahoo in 2008.

== License Usage ==

Users can choose to release their work under any of the available Creative Commons licenses. As of [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2011/10/05/200-million-creative-commons-photos-and-counting/ October 2011], Flickr hosted over 200 million CC licensed images. In March 2010, Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/20870 summarized] the growth of CC licensed photos on Flickr over the years.
 
 Flickr has also published its [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ shapefile dataset] online, waiving all copyright restrictions via the CC0 public domain dedication. A shapefile is a file containing shapes mathematically generated by thousands of Flickr geotagged photos of particular neighborhoods,[http://www.tranlegroup.com/ Thiet Ke Web] countries, and continents. Shapefile data has been used to reverse-engineer maps with user generated longitude and latitude coordinates that are then demarcated by Where-On-Earth IDs, "[http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/ unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent]."

== Motivations ==

Jon Phillips, who worked closely with Flickr on CC integration, commented that open licensing was useful in "providing an interface with the rest of the world and the blogosphere without having to ask permission. It provided, in short, a clear path to usage."
 
 When Flickr first integrated CC licensing, they [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2004/06/29/creative-commons/ wrote] that "As individuals and as a company we wholeheartedly support and endorse the Creative Commons’ mission and hope to help contribute to the preservation and enhancement of creative freedom and personal expression."
 
 On releasing its shapefile dataset via the CC0 public domain dedication, Flickr [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ gives the following reasons]:
<blockquote><ul><li>We want people (developers, researchers and anyone else who wants to play) to find new and interesting ways to use the shapefiles and we recognize that, in many cases, this means having access to the entire dataset.</li>
<li>We want people to feel both comfortable and confident using this data in their projects and so we opted for a public domain license so no one would have to spend their time wondering about the issue of licensing. We also think the work that the Creative Commons crew is doing is valuable and important and so we chose to release the shapefiles under the CC0 [http://contactspro.net/colored-eye-contacts/ public domain] dedication as a show of support.</li>
<li>We want people to create their own shapefiles and to share them so that other people (including us!) can find interesting ways to use them. We’re pretty sure there’s something to this “shapefile stuff” even if we can’t always put our finger on it so if publishing the dataset will encourage others to do the same then we’re happy to do so.</li></ul></blockquote>

== Technical Details ==

Flickr has implemented 1) a license chooser, 2) the license mark on pages for CC licensed objects, 3) [[CC REL]] metadata, and 4) searching for CC licensed videos.

=== License chooser ===
There are many ways to CC license your content in Flickr. The three main ways are 1) setting a default license for your account to apply the license to all new uploads, 2) batch-licensing all your previous uploads, or 3) selectively licensing some of your photos.

====Setting a default license====
To set a default CC license for your content, follow these directions:

'''1. Go to ''Your account'' and click on the ''Privacy and Permissions'' tab.

[[Image:flickr1.png|border|link=]]

'''2. Scroll down to the ''Defaults for new uploads'' section and look for the following line (you may not already have a default license, but the example below does):'''

[[Image:flickr2.png|border|link=]]

'''3. Click ''Edit'' and you will be taken to a license chooser to select a new default license for new uploads.'''

[[Image:flickr3.png|border|link=]]

====Batch licensing====

After you've set a default license, you might have photos that were uploaded before you set a default license. You can change the licensing status of those images in multiple ways.

'''On the same page you used to set a default license, there is a link to a page where you also have the option to ''Batch edit'' the license for all of your previous uploads. So here you can, for example, CC license all of your previously uploaded photos before you had set a default license.'''

[[Image:flickr4.png|border|link=]]

'''Otherwise, you can select individual sets of photos to change the licensing status of through the [http://www.flickr.com/photos/organize/ Organize view]. On this page, you can drag photos into the screen, select ''Permissions'' and then select ''Change licensing''.

[[Image:flickr5.png|border|link=]]

'''You should be presented with a license chooser:'''

[[Image:flickr6.png|border|link=]]

'''You can also batch edit the licensing status of sets or collections. To do this, open the set or collection in the Organize view and in the ''Batch edit'' menu, select ''Change licensing'':'''

[[Image:flickr7.png|border|link=]]

=== License mark ===
CC license marks appear on pages for specific images.

For example, see [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image].

'''The license mark on that page appears in the right hand column:'''

[[Image:Flickr9.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

That small image and text links to the specific license deed that the photo is under.

'''The CC mark also appears at the bottom of the menu above the image to ''Share this'':'''

[[Image:Flickr10.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

=== Metadata ===

Flickr has implemented a subset of the [[CC REL]] specification by specifying the 'license' and 'cc:license'. Note that both names are contained in a single rel= attribute, which is perfectly valid, although the two terms are equivalent and therefore it isn't necessary to use both. See [[RelLicense|this wiki page]] for more information.

'''For an example, see the source code at the top of [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image's page] for the namespace definitions:'''

<code><nowiki>
<html xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">
</nowiki></code>

'''And then below where the CC BY license is linked to:'''

<code><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en" rel="license cc:license">Some rights reserved</a>
</nowiki></code>

=== CC search ===
You can search for CC licensed content on Flickr by license.

To explore photos by CC license, visit the Creative Commons page and select your desired license.

To search for Creative Commons licensed photos, go to the advanced search page and check the box at the bottom to ''Only search within Creative Commons-licensed content''. Then select the desired license permissions.

[[Image:Flickr8.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/?]]

== Media ==
[http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons licensed photos]

Some collections from Creative Commmons affiliates give a good sense of the type of material collected:

*[http://flickr.com/photos/joi/ Joi Ito]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/fcb/ Fred Benenson]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/itstimhwang Tim Hwang]
*[http://www.visalusscam.org visalus scam]

[[Category:USA]]

Case Studies/Flickr

2013-07-17T20:10:06Z

Mike.Moench8: /* Media */

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=A-Class
|Description=Flickr is a popular photo- and video-sharing site that has enabled Creative Commons licenses.
|Mainurl=www.flickr.com
|Author=Flickr
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=photo, folksonomy, technical details
|License_short_name=various
|Format=Image, MovingImage
|Country=United States
|Quote=Making my photos available on flickr using a CC-license has made wonderful things happen. My photos have been used in classrooms, in books and on blogs. They have been used to illustrate articles in Wikipedia or help charities’ fund-raising campaigns.
|Quote_Attribution=Lars Plougmann, http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8157, http://www.flickr.com/people/criminalintent/
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/5/5d/Flickr_by_zanastardust.jpg
|Image_attribution=CC BY by Zanastardust: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zanastardust/145197704/
|Image_license=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
|alt_case_study_title=Flickr
}}
== Overview ==

Launched in 2004 and later acquired by Yahoo, Flickr is an image and video hosting website that allows users to post, share, and comment on each other's content. These photos are organized by user-submitted tags, which generate emergent folksonomies of thematically linked photos. Users can also create photo pools, which allow others to submit images into publicly available repositories. Notably, the site also allows for Creative Commons licensing support in its service, allowing creators to share certain rights for usage of their photos with others. As of late 2009, the site hosts over [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/10/12/4000000000/ four billion images].

[http://www.flickr.com/help/forum/en-us/97258/ According to a Flickr staff member] in mid-2009, the site had acquired 32+ million registered users. Data on how this user base is distributed worldwide remains unclear. However, Flickr has been notably used by activists to compile and publicize events. Clay Shirky's [http://www.herecomeseverybody.org/ Here Comes Everybody] details the role played by Flickr in circulating photos of political protests in Belarus (p. 167). Similarly, Flickr users [http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/02/04/flickrs-version-of-a-mass-protest/ organized onsite protests] against Microsoft's attempted buyout of Yahoo in 2008.

== License Usage ==

Users can choose to release their work under any of the available Creative Commons licenses. As of [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2011/10/05/200-million-creative-commons-photos-and-counting/ October 2011], Flickr hosted over 200 million CC licensed images. In March 2010, Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/20870 summarized] the growth of CC licensed photos on Flickr over the years.
 
 Flickr has also published its [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ shapefile dataset] online, waiving all copyright restrictions via the CC0 public domain dedication. A shapefile is a file containing shapes mathematically generated by thousands of Flickr geotagged photos of particular neighborhoods,[http://www.tranlegroup.com/ Thiet Ke Web] countries, and continents. Shapefile data has been used to reverse-engineer maps with user generated longitude and latitude coordinates that are then demarcated by Where-On-Earth IDs, "[http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/ unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent]."

== Motivations ==

Jon Phillips, who worked closely with Flickr on CC integration, commented that open licensing was useful in "providing an interface with the rest of the world and the blogosphere without having to ask permission. It provided, in short, a clear path to usage."
 
 When Flickr first integrated CC licensing, they [http://blog.flickr.net/en/2004/06/29/creative-commons/ wrote] that "As individuals and as a company we wholeheartedly support and endorse the Creative Commons’ mission and hope to help contribute to the preservation and enhancement of creative freedom and personal expression."
 
 On releasing its shapefile dataset via the CC0 public domain dedication, Flickr [http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/ gives the following reasons]:
<blockquote><ul><li>We want people (developers, researchers and anyone else who wants to play) to find new and interesting ways to use the shapefiles and we recognize that, in many cases, this means having access to the entire dataset.</li>
<li>We want people to feel both comfortable and confident using this data in their projects and so we opted for a public domain license so no one would have to spend their time wondering about the issue of licensing. We also think the work that the Creative Commons crew is doing is valuable and important and so we chose to release the shapefiles under the CC0 [http://contactspro.net/colored-eye-contacts/ public domain] dedication as a show of support.</li>
<li>We want people to create their own shapefiles and to share them so that other people (including us!) can find interesting ways to use them. We’re pretty sure there’s something to this “shapefile stuff” even if we can’t always put our finger on it so if publishing the dataset will encourage others to do the same then we’re happy to do so.</li></ul></blockquote>

== Technical Details ==

Flickr has implemented 1) a license chooser, 2) the license mark on pages for CC licensed objects, 3) [[CC REL]] metadata, and 4) searching for CC licensed videos.

=== License chooser ===
There are many ways to CC license your content in Flickr. The three main ways are 1) setting a default license for your account to apply the license to all new uploads, 2) batch-licensing all your previous uploads, or 3) selectively licensing some of your photos.

====Setting a default license====
To set a default CC license for your content, follow these directions:

'''1. Go to ''Your account'' and click on the ''Privacy and Permissions'' tab.

[[Image:flickr1.png|border|link=]]

'''2. Scroll down to the ''Defaults for new uploads'' section and look for the following line (you may not already have a default license, but the example below does):'''

[[Image:flickr2.png|border|link=]]

'''3. Click ''Edit'' and you will be taken to a license chooser to select a new default license for new uploads.'''

[[Image:flickr3.png|border|link=]]

====Batch licensing====

After you've set a default license, you might have photos that were uploaded before you set a default license. You can change the licensing status of those images in multiple ways.

'''On the same page you used to set a default license, there is a link to a page where you also have the option to ''Batch edit'' the license for all of your previous uploads. So here you can, for example, CC license all of your previously uploaded photos before you had set a default license.'''

[[Image:flickr4.png|border|link=]]

'''Otherwise, you can select individual sets of photos to change the licensing status of through the [http://www.flickr.com/photos/organize/ Organize view]. On this page, you can drag photos into the screen, select ''Permissions'' and then select ''Change licensing''.

[[Image:flickr5.png|border|link=]]

'''You should be presented with a license chooser:'''

[[Image:flickr6.png|border|link=]]

'''You can also batch edit the licensing status of sets or collections. To do this, open the set or collection in the Organize view and in the ''Batch edit'' menu, select ''Change licensing'':'''

[[Image:flickr7.png|border|link=]]

=== License mark ===
CC license marks appear on pages for specific images.

For example, see [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image].

'''The license mark on that page appears in the right hand column:'''

[[Image:Flickr9.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

That small image and text links to the specific license deed that the photo is under.

'''The CC mark also appears at the bottom of the menu above the image to ''Share this'':'''

[[Image:Flickr10.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/]]

=== Metadata ===

Flickr has implemented a subset of the [[CC REL]] specification by specifying the 'license' and 'cc:license'. Note that both names are contained in a single rel= attribute, which is perfectly valid, although the two terms are equivalent and therefore it isn't necessary to use both. See [[RelLicense|this wiki page]] for more information.

'''For an example, see the source code at the top of [http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/5165089663/ this image's page] for the namespace definitions:'''

<code><nowiki>
<html xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">
</nowiki></code>

'''And then below where the CC BY license is linked to:'''

<code><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en" rel="license cc:license">Some rights reserved</a>
</nowiki></code>

=== CC search ===
You can search for CC licensed content on Flickr by license.

To explore photos by CC license, visit the [http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons page] and select your desired license.

To search for Creative Commons licensed photos, go to the [http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/? advanced search page] and check the box at the bottom to ''Only search within Creative Commons-licensed content''. Then select the desired license permissions.

[[Image:Flickr8.png|border|link=http://www.flickr.com/search/advanced/?]]

== Media ==
[http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ Creative Commons licensed photos]

Some collections from Creative Commmons affiliates give a good sense of the type of material collected:

*[http://flickr.com/photos/joi/ Joi Ito]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/fcb/ Fred Benenson]
*[http://flickr.com/photos/itstimhwang Tim Hwang]
*[http://www.visalusscam.org visalus scam]

[[Category:USA]]