Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Public domain

2013-11-11T13:34:03Z

Jerry Taylor: Undo revision 94947 by CC Wiki Bot

When a work is in the '''public domain''', it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.

Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of copyright restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the copyright holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0 CC0].

Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses.

Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Public Domain].

== When does a work enter the public domain? ==

This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see copyright.[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.

Cornell University has also provided a [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm handy table about copyright term] and the public domain in the United States.

== Creative Commons public domain tools ==

* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world.

See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.

Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.

The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].

== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==

[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia's Public Domain Search] was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained ro[http://www.tacticalseo.co.uk seo]lar index of known sites to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged .

As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search.

== See also ==

* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]
* [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/08/Publicdomainsymbolversion1.jpeg Public Domain Symbol Version 1.0]

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[[Category:Public domain]]

Public domain

2013-11-11T13:12:24Z

Jerry Taylor:

CC Affiliate Network

2013-11-11T12:31:55Z

Jerry Taylor: internal link to version 4.0 page

__NOTOC__

The CC Affiliate Network consists of 100+ affiliates working in over 70 jurisdictions to support and promote CC activities around the world.

The teams have a wide range of responsibilities, including public outreach, community building, translating information and tools, fielding inquiries, conducting research, communicating with the public, maintaining resources for CC users, and in general, promoting sharing and our mission. These teams have a formal relationship with Creative Commons via an agreement between organizations, universities or individuals in the jurisdiction and CC HQ. Unaffiliated volunteers are also welcome to organize events and promote Creative Commons locally, regionally, and globally.

If you would like learn more or contribute in one of these jurisdictions, please click on the flag below or email affiliate-program[at]creativecommons.org. The [[Affiliates]] page on the CC wiki contains more information, including regional activities and history of our work.
<h2>CC Affiliate Network</h2>

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<h2>The Licensing Suite</h2>

Creative Commons offers a core suite of six copyright licenses written to conform to international treaties governing copyright. The international licenses, as well as existing ported licenses (as of version 3.0), are all intended to be effective anywhere in the world, with the same effect. In the past, when it was demonstrated that a ported license was needed, Creative Commons worked with experts to craft a localized version of its six, core international licenses. Over 50 ported license suites exist. These ported licenses are based on and compatible with the international license suite, differing only in that they have been modified to reflect local nuances in how terms and conditions are expressed, drafting protocols and, of course, language. They are effective worldwide, as is the international license suite. The most recent international license suite available is [[Version_3 | version 3]].

Please note that CC’s policy is not to begin any new porting projects as we are currently preparing for [[Version_4 | version 4.0]], which will not be ported absent compelling circumstances..

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[[File:License_3_layers_diagram_intl.gif|link=http://www.tacticalseo.co.uk|seo services]]
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Case Studies/GlaxoSmithKline

2013-11-09T18:56:12Z

Jerry Taylor:

{{Case Study
|Description=GlaxoSmithKline is a major pharmaceutical company that has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria.
|Mainurl=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chemblntd/#tcams_dataset
|Author=ChEMBL-NTD, GlaxoSmithKline
|User_Status=Curator, Creator
|Tag=GSK, GlaxoSmithKline, malaria, disease
|License short name=GNU GPL
|CC adoption date=
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, MovingImage, InteractiveResource, Other, Geodata, Data
|Country=United Kingdom, [http://www.tacticalseo.co.uk seo company]
|Quote=Providing access to this level of information sees GSK set what I would hope to be a new trend that could revolutionise the urgent search for new medicines to tackle malaria. By sharing data, we start to build up a public database of knowledge that should be as powerful as the human genome databases.
|Quote_Attribution=Timothy Wells, Chief Scientific Officer of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/access/rnd-neglected-tropical-diseases.htm)
|Image_Header=http://wiki.creativecommons.org/images/0/04/Logo-gsk.gif
|Image_attribution=(c) GSK
|Image_license=http://www.gsk.com/terms.htm
|importance=High
|quality=B-Class
|License_short_name=CC0
}}
== Overview ==
One of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the world, GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyrights in its malarial data set, which includes more than 13,500 compounds known to be active against malaria. The data set is called Tres Cantos Antimalarial (TCAMS), and is available from the ChEMBL-NTD database, "a repository for Open Access primary screening and medicinal chemistry data directed at neglected diseases - endemic tropical diseases of the developing regions of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas."

== License Usage ==

GlaxoSmithKline has surrendered all copyright in its malaria data set under the CC0 public domain dedication.

== Motivations ==
From GSK's http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/downloads/GSK-CR-2009-full.pdf

<blockquote>"By making this information publicly available, GSK hopes that many other scientists will review this information and analyse the data faster than we could on our own. Hopefully, this will lead to additional research that could help drive the discovery of new medicines. We would also encourage other groups, including academics and pharmaceutical companies, to make their own compounds and related information publicly available.

<br/><br/>This is essentially an example of ‘open source’ being applied to drug discovery. We know that data increases in value when connected with other data and that the more eyes looking at a problem, the more potential solutions may arise."</blockquote>

Research and development (R&D) for diseases prevalent in the developing world are costly and time-consuming and carry less return on investment than R&D for diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, which have a market in the developed world. Since malaria is a disease that primarily affects the developing world, GSK has released malarial data in order to speed the process of R&D, while providing resources that nonprofits and academic institutions don't necessarily have wide access to, such as advanced technologies, facilities for medicinal drug discovery, and manufacturing and distribution expertise. For more information, see GSK's 2009 [http://hostgator1centcoupon.net report on]

== Media ==
[http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100120/full/news.2010.20.html Nature - GlaxoSmithKline goes public with malaria data]
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[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/20/glaxo-malaria-drugs-public-domain The Guardian - Glaxo offers free access to potential malaria cures]
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[http://www.gsk.com/media/malaria.htm GSK's commitment to fighting Malaria]
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[http://hyperfuel9x.us/ hyper fuel 9x]
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[http://www.gsk.com/media/pressreleases/2010/2010_pressrelease_10009.htm press release]
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[http://www.bay91.com bay91]