Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

User:CCID-tarmo

2018-11-16T11:30:37Z

CCID-tarmo: Short summary

I am Tarmo Toikkanen and coordinate Creative Commons in Finland.

Finland

2016-02-12T07:40:53Z

CCID-tarmo: Reformatting, added some links

{{Jurisdiction
|jurstatus=Active
|status=1.0
|country code=fi
|homepage=http://creativecommons.fi/
|mailing=Tarmo Toikkanen
Department of Media, Aalto university
PO Box 15600
FI-00076
AALTO
FINLAND
|region=Europe
|affiliated=Aalto University
|affurl=http://www.aalto.fi
|afftype=academic institution
|afftype2=academic institution
|afftype3=law firm
|afftype4=NGO
|plead1=Tarmo Toikkanen
|pemail1=tarmo.toikkanen@aalto.fi
|ptitle1=researcher
|plead2=Sanna Marttila
|pemail2=sanna.marttila@aalto.fi
|ptitle2=researcher
|plead3=Maria Rehbinder
|pemail3=maria.rehbinder@aalto.fi
|ptitle3=legal counsel
|teamsize=3
|flagurl=http://creativecommons.org/images/international/fi.png
}}
=Current status=

We have completed the official translations of the CC 4.0 suite and CC0. We have participated in creating a national standard ([http://www.jhs-suositukset.fi/suomi/jhs189 JHS 189]) that names CC BY 4.0 and CC0 as the licenses to use in public open data.

Our key people are:
* Tarmo Toikkanen, general lead, technology, communications (Aalto University)
* Sanna Marttila, GLAM sector (Aalto University)
* Maria Rehbinder, legal counsel (Aalto University)

=Roadmap=

CC Finland has reached most of its high priority goals during the years 2014-2015. During 2016 we are operating quite low-key, and in conjunction with other organizations such as Open Knowledge Finland. GLAM projects are underway, besides which we focus on general dissemination, documentation, and facilitation adoption.

* Date submitted: 12th February, 2016
* Timespan of this roadmap: 2016

==Community==

CC Finland is engaging with the national government, governmental institutions, GLAM organizations, NGOs and companies. We work closely with Open Knowledge Finland. We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

==Priority Goals==

# GLAM adoption. Finnish GLAM sector to use open licenses for their metadata, connect with national and European level repositories.
# Advocacy work in the educational sector, including OER and OCW.
# Advocacy work in the public sector and open data publishing.

==People==
Volunteers and community participation would help in ramping up our dissemination efforts.

==Technology==
No further technology requirements at this point.

==Materials==
No materials are needed. Our projects will be producing materials that can be reused in other circumstances.

==Sustainability and Scalability==

Our funded projects will of course produce documentation and reports required by the funders. All outcomes are published under open licenses.

We communicate regularly in the European regional mailing list, the license list, the dev list, and the community list. Press releases will be given as appropriate.

==Collaboration==

We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

===Regional===

* Swedish translations of CCPL4.0 and CC0.
* Commenting on EU level copyright policy.

==Translation==

CC0 and CC 4.0 are officially translated in Finnish.

Finland

2016-02-12T07:38:23Z

CCID-tarmo: Update of all informatio .

{{Jurisdiction
|jurstatus=Active
|status=1.0
|country code=fi
|homepage=http://creativecommons.fi/
|mailing=Tarmo Toikkanen
Department of Media, Aalto university
PO Box 15600
FI-00076
AALTO
FINLAND
|region=Europe
|affiliated=Aalto University
|affurl=http://www.aalto.fi
|afftype=academic institution
|afftype2=academic institution
|afftype3=law firm
|afftype4=NGO
|plead1=Tarmo Toikkanen
|pemail1=tarmo.toikkanen@aalto.fi
|ptitle1=researcher
|plead2=Sanna Marttila
|pemail2=sanna.marttila@aalto.fi
|ptitle2=researcher
|plead3=Maria Rehbinder
|pemail3=maria.rehbinder@aalto.fi
|ptitle3=legal counsel
|teamsize=3
|flagurl=http://creativecommons.org/images/international/fi.png
}}
=Current status=

We have completed the official translations of the CC 4.0 suite and CC0. We have participated in creating a national standard that names CC BY 4.0 and CC0 as the licenses to use in public open data.

Our key people are:
* Tarmo Toikkanen, general lead, technology, communications (Aalto University)
* Sanna Marttila, GLAM sector (Aalto University)
* Maria Rehbinder, legal counsel (Aalto University)

=Roadmap=

CC Finland has reached most of its high priority goals during the years 2014-2015. During 2016 we are operating quite low-key, and in conjunction with other organizations such as Open Knowledge Finland. GLAM projects are underway, besides which we focus on general dissemination, documentation, and facilitation adoption.

* Date submitted: 12th February, 2016
* Timespan of this roadmap: 2016

=Community=

CC Finland is engaging with the national government, governmental institutions, GLAM organizations, NGOs and companies. We work closely with Open Knowledge Finland. We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

==Priority Goals==

1. GLAM adoption. Finnish GLAM sector to use open licenses for their metadata, connect with national and European level repositories.
2. Advocacy work in the educational sector, including OER and OCW.
3. Advocacy work in the public sector and open data publishing.

==People==
Volunteers and community participation would help in ramping up our dissemination efforts.

==Technology==
No further technology requirements at this point.

==Materials==
No materials are needed. Our projects will be producing materials that can be reused in other circumstances.

==Sustainability and Scalability==

Our funded projects will of course produce documentation and reports required by the funders. All outcomes are published under open licenses.

We communicate regularly in the European regional mailing list, the license list, the dev list, and the community list. Press releases will be given as appropriate.

==Collaboration==

We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

===Regional===

* Swedish translations of CCPL4.0 and CC0.
* Commenting on EU level copyright policy.

==Translation==

CC0 and CC 4.0 are officially translated in Finnish.

Legal Tools Translation/CC0/Finnish

2015-05-17T09:07:14Z

CCID-tarmo: updated to be complete

{{CC0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No coordination needed.
|date=2013/05/15
|draftdate=2013/11/15
|publicdate=2013/09/15
|publicenddate=2013/10/15
|end_date=2015/01/29
|process=The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

1) First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open government data, open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners, Nokia Corporation and the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, as well as from writing his LL.M. Thesis on open government data. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.

2) First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.

3) Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

The public commenting period will see the draft published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting will go out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.
|website=http://creativecommons.fi
|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland) Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
|wordchoice=
|affirm=Yes
|status=Complete
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-11-19T07:19:06Z

CCID-tarmo: formatting fixes

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/10/25
|process=The method for choosing a translation for any specific term or concept involved a review of whether there was an established translation of the same term or concept to be found from (in order of preference):

# the official Finnish translation of the text of the Berne Convention;
# the official Finnish translation of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC);
# the official Finnish translation of any other relevant EU directive, such as the Database Directive (96/9/EC);
# Finnish legal literature; or
# otherwise established use.

With regard to the more general and contractual terminology and elements of the license text (as opposed to those derived mainly from copyright law), the emphasis was on finding the most suitable, established and commonly used translations and Finnish concepts corresponding to the mainly common law terms and concepts used in the text. Here, we relied heavily on our reviewers’ experience with international license and other similar agreements.
The translation guide for the 4.0 licenses1 was observed closely throughout the process.

The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

# '''First draft''': Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners and Nokia Corporation. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.
# '''First review''': Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.
# '''Further iterative reviews''': The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

For the public commenting period, the draft was published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting went out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.

|website=http://creativecommons.fi/

|team=* Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
* Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
* Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
* Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
* Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.

'''General issues'''

There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements.

Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.

'''Individual terminology issues'''

Some of the most important individual terminology and phrase choices:

# “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).
# “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Samankaltaiset Oikeudet” which is a literal translation (“samankaltaiset” = similar; of the same kind) without any connotation or reference related to any specific concept under Finnish law (such as “neighboring rights” or “related rights”). This approach should be conformant to the English version which was chosen deliberately to be broader than “neighboring” or “related rights”. The adopted approach should also allow the inclusion of other rights outside the defined set of neighboring/related rights under any specific jurisdiction or copyright regime.
# “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.
# “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

'''Translation choices for key terms and concepts'''

Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.

;original work of authorship
: luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
:Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.
;creator
: tekijä
: Literally: author, creator.
;work
: teos
: Berne Convention, official translation
;Similar Rights
: Samankaltaiset Oikeudet
: See notes above.
;make available to the public
: saattaa yleisön saataviin
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;reproduce
: valmistaa kappaleita
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;adapt
: muunnella
: Berne Convention, official translation
;distribute
: levittää
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance
: esitys
: Berne Convention, official translation
;display
: näyttää, näyttäminen
: Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.
;communicate, communication
: välittää, välittäminen
: Berne Convention, official translation
;disseminate, dissemination
: jakaa, jakaminen
: Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.
;translate, translation
: kääntää, käännös
: Berne Convention, official translation
;alter
: muuttaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;arrange
: sovittaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
: esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
: Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
: Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).
;moral rights
: moraaliset oikeudet
: Berne Convention, official translation
;publicity and privacy rights
: henkilön oikeus määrätä nimensä, kuvansa tai henkilönsä muun tunnistettavan osan kaupallisesta käytöstä (right of publicity), yksityisyyden suojaa koskevat oikeudet
: Literally: “the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image [depiction, picture] or other recognizable aspects of one's persona (right of publicity), rights concerning the protection of privacy” …
: In our proposition, we have attempted to strike a balance between accurately conveying the meaning of the original expression and keeping the translation intelligible to a Finnish reader interpreting the license in the context of Finnish law and Finnish legal concepts. As we have concluded that there is no exact translation for the concept, we have used a longer descriptive phrase and an English term quoted for clarity. We feel that the proposal appropriately describes and conveys the meaning of the original concept but at the same time helps the interpreter understand what rights under Finnish law would be included in such group of “personality rights”, as defined in the license text.
;extraction (of data)
: kopiointi
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;dissemination (of data)
: levitys
: Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.
;use; reuse (of data)
: käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;reproduce (contents of the database)
: toisintaa
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;database rights
: tietokantaoikeudet
: Established in Finnish legal literature.
;Effective Technological Measures
: Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
: Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).
;waive
: luopua
: The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

The license translation will be finalized in October 2014. This summary of the translation process is mainly written by Henri Tanskanen.

|affirm=Yes
|status=Complete
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-11-13T14:40:54Z

CCID-tarmo: changed status from In progress to Complete

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/10/25
|process=The method for choosing a translation for any specific term or concept involved a review of whether there was an established translation of the same term or concept to be found from (in order of preference):

# the official Finnish translation of the text of the Berne Convention;
# the official Finnish translation of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC);
# the official Finnish translation of any other relevant EU directive, such as the Database Directive (96/9/EC);
# Finnish legal literature; or
# otherwise established use.

With regard to the more general and contractual terminology and elements of the license text (as opposed to those derived mainly from copyright law), the emphasis was on finding the most suitable, established and commonly used translations and Finnish concepts corresponding to the mainly common law terms and concepts used in the text. Here, we relied heavily on our reviewers’ experience with international license and other similar agreements.
The translation guide for the 4.0 licenses1 was observed closely throughout the process.

The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

# '''First draft''': Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners and Nokia Corporation. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.
# '''First review''': Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.
# '''Further iterative reviews''': The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

For the public commenting period, the draft was published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting went out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.

|website=http://creativecommons.fi/

|team=* Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
* Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
* Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
* Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
* Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.
General issues
There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements.
Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.

'''Individual terminology issues'''

Some of the most important individual terminology and phrase choices:

# “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).
# “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Samankaltaiset Oikeudet” which is a literal translation (“samankaltaiset” = similar; of the same kind) without any connotation or reference related to any specific concept under Finnish law (such as “neighboring rights” or “related rights”). This approach should be conformant to the English version which was chosen deliberately to be broader than “neighboring” or “related rights”. The adopted approach should also allow the inclusion of other rights outside the defined set of neighboring/related rights under any specific jurisdiction or copyright regime.
# “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.
# “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

'''Translation choices for key terms and concepts'''

Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.

;original work of authorship
: luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
:Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.
;creator
: tekijä
: Literally: author, creator.
;work
: teos
: Berne Convention, official translation
;Similar Rights
: Samankaltaiset Oikeudet
: See notes above.
;make available to the public
: saattaa yleisön saataviin
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;reproduce
: valmistaa kappaleita
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;adapt
: muunnella
: Berne Convention, official translation
;distribute
: levittää
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance
: esitys
: Berne Convention, official translation
;display
: näyttää, näyttäminen
: Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.
;communicate, communication
: välittää, välittäminen
: Berne Convention, official translation
;disseminate, dissemination
: jakaa, jakaminen
: Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.
;translate, translation
: kääntää, käännös
: Berne Convention, official translation
;alter
: muuttaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;arrange
: sovittaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
: esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
: Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
: Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).
;moral rights
: moraaliset oikeudet
: Berne Convention, official translation
;publicity and privacy rights
: henkilön oikeus määrätä nimensä, kuvansa tai henkilönsä muun tunnistettavan osan kaupallisesta käytöstä (right of publicity), yksityisyyden suojaa koskevat oikeudet
: Literally: “the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image [depiction, picture] or other recognizable aspects of one's persona (right of publicity), rights concerning the protection of privacy” …
: In our proposition, we have attempted to strike a balance between accurately conveying the meaning of the original expression and keeping the translation intelligible to a Finnish reader interpreting the license in the context of Finnish law and Finnish legal concepts. As we have concluded that there is no exact translation for the concept, we have used a longer descriptive phrase and an English term quoted for clarity. We feel that the proposal appropriately describes and conveys the meaning of the original concept but at the same time helps the interpreter understand what rights under Finnish law would be included in such group of “personality rights”, as defined in the license text.
;extraction (of data)
: kopiointi
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;dissemination (of data)
: levitys
: Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.
;use; reuse (of data)
: käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;reproduce (contents of the database)
: toisintaa
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;database rights
: tietokantaoikeudet
: Established in Finnish legal literature.
;Effective Technological Measures
: Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
: Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).
;waive
: luopua
: The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

The license translation will be finalized in October 2014. This summary of the translation process is mainly written by Henri Tanskanen.

|affirm=Yes
|status=Complete
}}

Legal Tools Translation

2014-10-23T07:15:27Z

CCID-tarmo: /* CC0 */ Some CC0 translations were started earlier, and exist in a different namespace than current ones. Added another PrefixIndex to include both sets.

=Welcome to the CC Translation Project!=
''Please note this is an evolving project and we welcome feedback.''

This is the main portal for projects translating the suite of six CC licenses and the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

If a CC license deed is not yet available in your language, we recommend translating that first. For information on translating CC license deeds, visit [[Translating_CC_Deeds|Translating CC Deeds]].

If you are interested in translating the licenses or other legal tools, please see the [[Legal Code Translation Policy]].

==Translations Generally==
Creative Commons supports two types of linguistic translations of its licenses and CC0: official and unofficial. All official translations of legal code are conducted according to the [[Legal Code Translation Policy]]. Beginning with version 4.0, CC is supporting official linguistic translations of its six (6) core licenses. '''Please note that translations (whether official or unofficial) involve linguistic translation only—they do not adapt the licenses or CC0 to account for local law.''' As of December 2012, CC also supports official translations of CC0 version 1.0.

Please see the [[Legal Code Translation Policy]] for more information on how to start a project to translate CC0 or the CC licenses officially into your local language. CC's policy is to support a single official translation into any particular language, absent a compelling reason otherwise. All legal code translation projects must be approved by Creative Commons in advance; please do not start a legal code translation project without first contacting Creative Commons.

(For version 3.0 of the licenses, CC supports unofficial translations only. These are not official and not suitable for adoption, but are provided solely for information purposes. '''Please do not use translations of the 3.0 international licenses—licensors should not link to or otherwise identify any of the unofficial translations when applying licenses to their materials.''' Those interested in translating CC licenses should join a translation project for the 4.0 licenses. If you would like to read the process for unofficial translations of 3.0, it has been moved [[Unofficial_translation_process_for_3.0|to a separate page]] for historical information.)

==Translation Guide==
As we work with teams on translation projects, we are developing collections of advice and issues to guide future teams' efforts. These include general proofing advice, as well as common errors, and words and phrases that are of key importance or have presented difficulty in each particular legal tool.

*[[Legal tools translation guide]]

==Published translations==
''Note: this does not include ports of the 3.0 license suite, which are generally published in one or more languages used in the applicable jurisdiction.''

None currently available.

==Translations in progress==
===CC0===
{{Special:PrefixIndex/Legal_Tools_Translation/CC0/}}
{{Special:PrefixIndex/CC0/}}

===4.0===
{{Special:PrefixIndex/Legal_Tools_Translation/4.0/}}

[[Category:Legal]]
[[Category:Translation Project]]

Legal Tools Translation/CC0/Finnish

2014-10-23T07:12:50Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{CC0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No coordination needed.
|date=2013/05/15
|draftdate=2013/11/15
|publicdate=2013/09/15
|publicenddate=2013/10/15
|end_date=2014/11/15
|process=The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

1) First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open government data, open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners, Nokia Corporation and the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, as well as from writing his LL.M. Thesis on open government data. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.

2) First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.

3) Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

The public commenting period will see the draft published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting will go out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.
|website=http://creativecommons.fi
|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland) Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
|wordchoice=
|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-10-21T13:34:21Z

CCID-tarmo: formatting fixes

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/10/25
|process=The method for choosing a translation for any specific term or concept involved a review of whether there was an established translation of the same term or concept to be found from (in order of preference):

# the official Finnish translation of the text of the Berne Convention;
# the official Finnish translation of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC);
# the official Finnish translation of any other relevant EU directive, such as the Database Directive (96/9/EC);
# Finnish legal literature; or
# otherwise established use.

With regard to the more general and contractual terminology and elements of the license text (as opposed to those derived mainly from copyright law), the emphasis was on finding the most suitable, established and commonly used translations and Finnish concepts corresponding to the mainly common law terms and concepts used in the text. Here, we relied heavily on our reviewers’ experience with international license and other similar agreements.
The translation guide for the 4.0 licenses1 was observed closely throughout the process.

The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

# '''First draft''': Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners and Nokia Corporation. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.
# '''First review''': Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.
# '''Further iterative reviews''': The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

For the public commenting period, the draft was published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting went out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.

|website=http://creativecommons.fi/

|team=* Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
* Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
* Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
* Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
* Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.
General issues
There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements.
Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.

'''Individual terminology issues'''

Some of the most important individual terminology and phrase choices:

# “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).
# “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Samankaltaiset Oikeudet” which is a literal translation (“samankaltaiset” = similar; of the same kind) without any connotation or reference related to any specific concept under Finnish law (such as “neighboring rights” or “related rights”). This approach should be conformant to the English version which was chosen deliberately to be broader than “neighboring” or “related rights”. The adopted approach should also allow the inclusion of other rights outside the defined set of neighboring/related rights under any specific jurisdiction or copyright regime.
# “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.
# “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

'''Translation choices for key terms and concepts'''

Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.

;original work of authorship
: luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
:Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.
;creator
: tekijä
: Literally: author, creator.
;work
: teos
: Berne Convention, official translation
;Similar Rights
: Samankaltaiset Oikeudet
: See notes above.
;make available to the public
: saattaa yleisön saataviin
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;reproduce
: valmistaa kappaleita
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;adapt
: muunnella
: Berne Convention, official translation
;distribute
: levittää
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance
: esitys
: Berne Convention, official translation
;display
: näyttää, näyttäminen
: Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.
;communicate, communication
: välittää, välittäminen
: Berne Convention, official translation
;disseminate, dissemination
: jakaa, jakaminen
: Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.
;translate, translation
: kääntää, käännös
: Berne Convention, official translation
;alter
: muuttaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;arrange
: sovittaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
: esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
: Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
: Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).
;moral rights
: moraaliset oikeudet
: Berne Convention, official translation
;publicity and privacy rights
: henkilön oikeus määrätä nimensä, kuvansa tai henkilönsä muun tunnistettavan osan kaupallisesta käytöstä (right of publicity), yksityisyyden suojaa koskevat oikeudet
: Literally: “the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image [depiction, picture] or other recognizable aspects of one's persona (right of publicity), rights concerning the protection of privacy” …
: In our proposition, we have attempted to strike a balance between accurately conveying the meaning of the original expression and keeping the translation intelligible to a Finnish reader interpreting the license in the context of Finnish law and Finnish legal concepts. As we have concluded that there is no exact translation for the concept, we have used a longer descriptive phrase and an English term quoted for clarity. We feel that the proposal appropriately describes and conveys the meaning of the original concept but at the same time helps the interpreter understand what rights under Finnish law would be included in such group of “personality rights”, as defined in the license text.
;extraction (of data)
: kopiointi
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;dissemination (of data)
: levitys
: Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.
;use; reuse (of data)
: käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;reproduce (contents of the database)
: toisintaa
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;database rights
: tietokantaoikeudet
: Established in Finnish legal literature.
;Effective Technological Measures
: Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
: Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).
;waive
: luopua
: The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

The license translation will be finalized in October 2014. This summary of the translation process is mainly written by Henri Tanskanen.

|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-10-21T13:30:08Z

CCID-tarmo: Rewritten to match current translation

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/10/25
|process=The method for choosing a translation for any specific term or concept involved a review of whether there was an established translation of the same term or concept to be found from (in order of preference):

# the official Finnish translation of the text of the Berne Convention;
# the official Finnish translation of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC);
# the official Finnish translation of any other relevant EU directive, such as the Database Directive (96/9/EC);
# Finnish legal literature; or
# otherwise established use.

With regard to the more general and contractual terminology and elements of the license text (as opposed to those derived mainly from copyright law), the emphasis was on finding the most suitable, established and commonly used translations and Finnish concepts corresponding to the mainly common law terms and concepts used in the text. Here, we relied heavily on our reviewers’ experience with international license and other similar agreements.
The translation guide for the 4.0 licenses1 was observed closely throughout the process.

The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

# First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners and Nokia Corporation. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.
# First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.
# Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

For the public commenting period, the draft was published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting went out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.

|website=http://creativecommons.fi/

|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)
LIisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.
General issues
There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements.
Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.

'''Individual terminology issues'''

Some of the most important individual terminology and phrase choices:

# “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).
# “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Samankaltaiset Oikeudet” which is a literal translation (“samankaltaiset” = similar; of the same kind) without any connotation or reference related to any specific concept under Finnish law (such as “neighboring rights” or “related rights”). This approach should be conformant to the English version which was chosen deliberately to be broader than “neighboring” or “related rights”. The adopted approach should also allow the inclusion of other rights outside the defined set of neighboring/related rights under any specific jurisdiction or copyright regime.
# “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.
# “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

'''Translation choices for key terms and concepts'''

Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.

;original work of authorship
: luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
:Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.
;creator
: tekijä
: Literally: author, creator.
;work
: teos
: Berne Convention, official translation
;Similar Rights
: Samankaltaiset Oikeudet
: See notes above.
;make available to the public
: saattaa yleisön saataviin
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;reproduce
: valmistaa kappaleita
: Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation
;adapt
: muunnella
: Berne Convention, official translation
;distribute
: levittää
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance
: esitys
: Berne Convention, official translation
;display
: näyttää, näyttäminen
: Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.
;communicate, communication
: välittää, välittäminen
: Berne Convention, official translation
;disseminate, dissemination
: jakaa, jakaminen
: Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.
;translate, translation
: kääntää, käännös
: Berne Convention, official translation
;alter
: muuttaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;arrange
: sovittaa
: Berne Convention, official translation
;performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
: esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
: Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
: Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).
;moral rights
: moraaliset oikeudet
: Berne Convention, official translation
;publicity and privacy rights
: henkilön oikeus määrätä nimensä, kuvansa tai henkilönsä muun tunnistettavan osan kaupallisesta käytöstä (right of publicity), yksityisyyden suojaa koskevat oikeudet
: Literally: “the right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image [depiction, picture] or other recognizable aspects of one's persona (right of publicity), rights concerning the protection of privacy” …
: In our proposition, we have attempted to strike a balance between accurately conveying the meaning of the original expression and keeping the translation intelligible to a Finnish reader interpreting the license in the context of Finnish law and Finnish legal concepts. As we have concluded that there is no exact translation for the concept, we have used a longer descriptive phrase and an English term quoted for clarity. We feel that the proposal appropriately describes and conveys the meaning of the original concept but at the same time helps the interpreter understand what rights under Finnish law would be included in such group of “personality rights”, as defined in the license text.
;extraction (of data)
: kopiointi
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;dissemination (of data)
: levitys
: Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.
;use; reuse (of data)
: käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;reproduce (contents of the database)
: toisintaa
: Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation
;database rights
: tietokantaoikeudet
: Established in Finnish legal literature.
;Effective Technological Measures
: Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
: Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).
;waive
: luopua
: The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

The license translation will be finalized in October 2014.

|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Legal Tools Translation/CC0/Finnish

2014-07-25T12:19:49Z

CCID-tarmo: Created page with "{{CC0 Translation |jurisdictions=Finland |coordinationplan=No coordination needed. |date=2013/05/15 |draftdate=2013/11/15 |publicdate=2013/09/15 |publicenddate=2013/10/15 |end..."

{{CC0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No coordination needed.
|date=2013/05/15
|draftdate=2013/11/15
|publicdate=2013/09/15
|publicenddate=2013/10/15
|end_date=2014/08/15
|process=The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

1) First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd. Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open government data, open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners, Nokia Corporation and the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, as well as from writing his LL.M. Thesis on open government data. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.

2) First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law. Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.

3) Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

The public commenting period will see the draft published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting will go out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.
|website=http://creativecommons.fi
|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland) Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)

|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-07-25T05:24:40Z

CCID-tarmo: formatting fixes

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/06/01
|process=The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:

1) First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd.
Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open government data, open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners, Nokia Corporation and the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, as well as from writing his LL.M. Thesis on open government data. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.

2) First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law.
Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.

3) Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.

The public commenting period will see the draft published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting will go out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.
|website=http://creativecommons.fi/
|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.

General issues

There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements. (This is mostly due to linguistic differences, such as Finnish being linguistically more synthetic and agglutinative compared to English, which is more analytical and isolating.)

Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.

Individual terminology issues

The most important individual terminology and phrase choices:

1) “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).

2) “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Lähioikeudet” which is the Finnish equivalent of the concept of “neighboring rights” or “related rights”. The term has a specific meaning under the Finnish Copyright Act, covering certain sections of the Act. However, the same concept is used in legal literature to refer to similar groups of rights in other jurisdictions, as well, so we considered that the use of the term does not, as such, bind the definition to a specifically Finnish-law concept.

3) “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.

4) “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

Translation choices for key terms and concepts

Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.
Original
Finnish translation
Description/notes

Copyright
Tekijänoikeus
Berne Convention, official translation

original work of authorship
luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.

creator
tekijä
Literally: author, creator.

work
teos
Berne Convention, official translation

Similar Rights
Lähioikeudet
See notes above.

make available to the public
saattaa yleisön saataviin
Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation

reproduce
valmistaa kappaleita
Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation

adapt
muunnella
Berne Convention, official translation

distribute
levittää
Berne Convention, official translation

performance
esitys
Berne Convention, official translation

display
näyttää, näyttäminen
Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.1

communicate, communication
välittää, välittäminen
Berne Convention, official translation

disseminate, dissemination
jakaa, jakaminen
Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.

translate, translation
kääntää, käännös
Berne Convention, official translation

alter
muuttaa
Berne Convention, official translation

arrange
sovittaa
Berne Convention, official translation

performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).

moral rights
moraaliset oikeudet
Berne Convention, official translation

publicity and privacy rights
julkisuus- ja yksityisyysoikeudet
Literal translations; used in Finnish legal literature to describe these types of rights in foreign law context. The concept of publicity rights is not commonly used in the context of Finnish law.

extraction (of data)
kopiointi
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

dissemination (of data)
levitys
Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.

use; reuse (of data)
käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

reproduce (contents of the database)
toisintaa
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

database rights
tietokantaoikeudet
Established in Finnish legal literature.

Effective Technological Measures
Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).

waive
luopua
The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Legal Tools Translation/4.0/Finnish

2014-04-23T19:08:56Z

CCID-tarmo: Created page with "{{4.0 Translation |jurisdictions=Finland |coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions |date=2013/05/01 |draftdate=2013/11/01 |publicdate=2014/05/01 |publicenddate=2014/05/15 |end_..."

{{4.0 Translation
|jurisdictions=Finland
|coordinationplan=No other jurisdictions
|date=2013/05/01
|draftdate=2013/11/01
|publicdate=2014/05/01
|publicenddate=2014/05/15
|end_date=2014/06/01
|process=The iteration process for the translation included the following steps:
1) First draft: Composed by Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd.
Mr. Tanskanen has over three years of experience on questions related to open government data, open source licensing and other open licensing models gained from work experience at HH Partners, Nokia Corporation and the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, as well as from writing his LL.M. Thesis on open government data. In addition to this, Mr. Tanskanen has five years of various work experience, both legal and non-legal, related to the software industry.
2) First review: Review of the first draft. Performed by Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law.
Mr. von Willebrand has extensive experience on domestic and international assignments in technology, such as licensing, transfer of rights, protection of IPRs and knowledge, open source and copyright questions. For example Legal 500, Chambers, Best Lawyers, Who's Who Legal and many other publications rate him among top technology practitioners in Finland.
3) Further iterative reviews: The draft was further discussed and reviewed by Liisa Laakso-Tammisto, translator (authorized) and a group of lawyers with extensive experience in Intellectual Property Rights, consisting of the afore-mentioned lawyers at HH Partners, as well as Esa Korkeamäki, Partner at HH Partners, Head of IP practice, and Maria Rehbinder, Legal Counsel, IPR Services of Art Universities, Aalto University. The review at this stage mainly concentrated on reviewing the most important terminological, structural and conceptual choices, as well as improving the language of the translation in terms of intelligibility, clarity and consistence.
The public commenting period will see the draft published on creativecommons.fi. The notice for commenting will go out to the Finnish government, the open data networks, cultural institutions, and copyright agencies.
|website=http://creativecommons.fi/
|team=Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University: general coordinator of CC Finland
Maria Rehbinder, Aalto University: legal councel, license translation coordinator of CC Finland
Henri Tanskanen, Associate, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law Ltd: main translator (contracted by CC Finland)
Martin von Willebrand, Attorney-at-Law and Partner, HH Partners, Attorneys-at-law: translation supervision (contracted by CC Finland)

|wordchoice=Here, we have attempted to summarize the most important challenges we have faced during the translation process, including challenges related to the process and policy in general, as well as the most crucial individual issues related to terminology etc. A summary of the most essential translation choices can be found below after this section.
General issues
There were some general challenges with English legal language that are typical for any comparable translation task. Legal texts in English differ from their counterparts in Finnish in various ways, some of which have to do with differences in legal systems and legal culture, and some of which relate to linguistic differences and different ways of expression. In Finnish legal texts, sentences expressing rules and/or terms and conditions are usually perhaps slightly briefer and structurally simpler mainly due to two factors. First, as opposed to common law contract drafting style, Finnish law allows for somewhat less detailed definitions and other formulations as well as perhaps slightly more purpose-oriented interpretation of stipulations, resulting in lesser use of e.g. lists, alternative phrases or forms as well as less extensive consideration of every possible incident and course of events. Second, the structure of terms and conditions can be slightly different, and sentences are typically shorter. English legal terms and conditions can in some respects be difficult to reconstruct in Finnish in the exact same form, or at least it can result in uneasy and unnatural-sounding sentences with excessive repetitive elements. (This is mostly due to linguistic differences, such as Finnish being linguistically more synthetic and agglutinative compared to English, which is more analytical and isolating.)
Based on the given instructions, we have strived to keep the structure and boundaries of the sentences as close to the original as possible. This has resulted in some sentences and paragraphs that are slightly more uneasy and repetitive than they would have been had we taken more liberties in formulating the terms and conditions more in line with Finnish legal texts and culture.

The original text includes some phrases and concepts which do not have an equivalent among Finnish legal concepts (e.g. punitive damages). There are also some concepts which are included as separate terms in the original text but which correspond, in Finnish, to only one translated concept (e.g. punitive and exemplary damages fall into the same translated concept). In our translation, we have tried to stick to the original categorization as much as possible, i.e. finding an established individual expression for each individual concept. However, we have made some exceptions where 1) the Finnish translation requires a longer phrase to encompass the original meaning, or 2) we have felt confident that a single Finnish wording encompasses a range of several concepts in the original text in a clear-cut way.
Individual terminology issues
The most important individual terminology and phrase choices:
1) “License”, noun: The term “license” has two established translations in Finnish, namely, “lisenssi” and “käyttölupa” (literally, “permit to use”). “Käyttölupa” is commonly used in various official translations of EU legislation, e.g. the PSI Directive (2003/98/EC). “Lisenssi”, however, is not uncommon in EU law context either, and especially for the verb “license”, the Finnish translation very commonly uses the form derived from “lisenssi” (“lisens[i]oida”). Both “käyttölupa” and “lisenssi” are common in Finnish-language license contracts. Although we have no empirical data on the subject, we estimate that “lisenssi” is especially common in the business community and in business contracts, whereas the prevalence of “käyttölupa” is perhaps relatively higher in public sector contexts. In the media and layman use, “lisenssi” is far more common, and this is especially true for Creative Commons licenses. After some discussion, we opted for “lisenssi” (noun) and “lisensoida” (verb).
2) “Copyright and Similar Rights”: We have translated “Similar Rights” as “Lähioikeudet” which is the Finnish equivalent of the concept of “neighboring rights” or “related rights”. The term has a specific meaning under the Finnish Copyright Act, covering certain sections of the Act. However, the same concept is used in legal literature to refer to similar groups of rights in other jurisdictions, as well, so we considered that the use of the term does not, as such, bind the definition to a specifically Finnish-law concept.
3) “Apply”: The verb “apply” as it is used in the license text (esp. when “applying the license), would usually be translated as “soveltaa”. However, the verb “soveltaa” can, in some contexts, be understood and translated as “to adapt” or “to apply with changes”. If “soveltaa” were used, we consider it is quite clear from the context that it would not be understood to include the afore-mentioned connotation. However, to eliminate any possible doubt or misinterpretation, we have in some instances opted for a different translation, e.g. “käyttää” (nearest correspondent “to use”). So, for example the phrase “the Adapter's License You apply” has, in the translation, a literal meaning very close to “the Adapter's License You use”.
4) “For purposes of this Public License”: There is no exact and established translation for this phrase in Finnish legal texts. To convey the corresponding meaning, we have translated the construct of “For purposes of this Public License … X is Y” as something corresponding to “When using [/applying] and interpreting this Public License … X shall be considered as Y”).

Translation choices for key terms and concepts
Below, you will find a list of what are, in our opinion, the most essential translation choices for individual expressions made in the course of this work, along with a description indicating the justification for and the criteria used in the translation. Please note, however, that the translation worksheet contains some additional and expanded notes on the individual choices, as well.
Original
Finnish translation
Description/notes

Copyright
Tekijänoikeus
Berne Convention, official translation

original work of authorship
luovan työn itsenäinen ja omaperäinen tulos
Literally: an independent and original product of creative work. This is the established and customary definition of a copyrightable work under Finnish law and in Finnish legal literature. As this is not part of the actual legal code, we felt comfortable with the slight deviation from the original wording.

creator
tekijä
Literally: author, creator.

work
teos
Berne Convention, official translation

Similar Rights
Lähioikeudet
See notes above.

make available to the public
saattaa yleisön saataviin
Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation

reproduce
valmistaa kappaleita
Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC), official translation

adapt
muunnella
Berne Convention, official translation

distribute
levittää
Berne Convention, official translation

performance
esitys
Berne Convention, official translation

display
näyttää, näyttäminen
Finnish Copyright Act, Section 20.1

communicate, communication
välittää, välittäminen
Berne Convention, official translation

disseminate, dissemination
jakaa, jakaminen
Exception: In Berne Convention, official translation, both distribution and dissemination have been translated as “levittäminen”. Here, we have instead chosen a term (“jakaminen”) which has essentially the same meaning.

translate, translation
kääntää, käännös
Berne Convention, official translation

alter
muuttaa
Berne Convention, official translation

arrange
sovittaa
Berne Convention, official translation

performance, broadcast (and) sound recording (rights)
esityksiä, lähetyksiä (ja) äänitallenteita (koskevat oikeudet)
Performance: Berne Convention, official translation
Broadcast: Deviation from Berne Convention, official translation. The term used in the Berne Convention translation (“yleisradiointi”) sounds dated and may even be accidentally associated by the reader with public service broadcasting, specifically. We have opted for “lähetys” (generic word for broadcast, transmission, relay) which is used in the Finnish Copyright Act (section on neighbouring right related to radio and TV broadcasts and other transmissions/signals carrying programming).

moral rights
moraaliset oikeudet
Berne Convention, official translation

publicity and privacy rights
julkisuus- ja yksityisyysoikeudet
Literal translations; used in Finnish legal literature to describe these types of rights in foreign law context. The concept of publicity rights is not commonly used in the context of Finnish law.

extraction (of data)
kopiointi
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

dissemination (of data)
levitys
Not used in the Database Directive. Literal translation; “levitys” is the proper choice especially here where the object (of dissemination) consists of information.

use; reuse (of data)
käyttö; uudelleenkäyttö
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

reproduce (contents of the database)
toisintaa
Database Directive (96/9/EC), official translation

database rights
tietokantaoikeudet
Established in Finnish legal literature.

Effective Technological Measures
Tehokkaat Tekniset Toimenpiteet
Established expression under Finnish law (legislation, literature).

waive
luopua
The established Finnish expression used when waiving any rights.

|affirm=Yes
|status=In Progress
}}

Finland

2014-01-22T13:38:08Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Jurisdiction
|jurstatus=Active
|status=1.0
|country code=fi
|homepage=http://creativecommons.fi/
|mailing=Tarmo Toikkanen
Department of Media, Aalto university
PO Box 31000
FI-00076
AALTO
FINLAND
|region=Europe
|affiliated=Aalto university
|affurl=http://www.aalto.fi
|afftype=academic institution
|afftype2=academic institution
|afftype3=law firm
|afftype4=NGO
|plead1=Tarmo Toikkanen
|pemail1=tarmo.toikkanen@aalto.fi
|ptitle1=researcher
|plead2=Sanna Marttila
|pemail2=sanna.marttila@aalto.fi
|ptitle2=researcher
|plead3=Maria Rehbinder
|pemail3=maria.rehbinder@aalto.fi
|ptitle3=legal councel
|teamsize=3
|flagurl=http://creativecommons.org/images/international/fi.png
}}
=Roadmap=

* Date submitted: 22nd January, 2014
* Timespan of this roadmap: 2014

===Community===

CC Finland is engaging with the national government, governmental institutions, GLAM organizations, NGOs and companies. We work closely with Open Knowledge Finland. We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

==Priority Goals==

1. License translation. Translation includes both CC0 and CC 4.0 licenses. Translations are needed in Finnish and Swedish. The Finnish government will use CC BY 4.0 as the standard open data license, when it has been translated.
2. GLAM adoption. Finnish GLAM sector to use open licenses for their metadata, connect with national and European level repositories.
3. Open data ecosystem. Participating in open data business opportunities, advocacy and consultation to further the ecosystem.
4. WpLicense, a comprehensive CC license plugin for Wordpress.
5. Advocacy work in the educational sector, including OER and OCW.

==Project Outputs==

The outputs we plan to complete are as follows:

#WpLicense
##Finished plugin for Wordpress
##9/2013-3/2014
##Tarmo Toikkanen
##The plugin will be a useful tool for many bloggers who want to publish their content using a CC license.
#Governmental open data license recommendation
##National government recommendation establishing CC BY 4.0 as the default license.
##5/2013-4/2014
##Tarmo Toikkanen
#OpenGLAM
##Workshops, training materials, etc.
##Sanna Marttila
##How will this output help achieve your goals?
#License translation
##CC 4.0 in Finnish, CC0 in Finnish
##4/2013-4/2014
##Maria Rehbinder, Tarmo Toikkanen
##Finnish licenses are crucial for GO adoption.

==Resources Required==

===People===
Volunteers and community participation would help in establishing our goals.

===Technology===
No further technology requirements at this point.

===Materials===
No materials are needed. Our projects will be producing materials that can be reused in other circumstances.

==Sustainability and Scalability==

Our funded projects will of course produce documentation and reports required by the funders. All outcomes are published under open licenses.

We communicate regularly in the European regional mailing list, the license list, the dev list, and the community list. Press releases will be given as appropriate.

==Collaboration==

We collaborate with CC Sweden in terms of Swedish license translations.

===Regional===

* Swedish translations of CCPL4.0 and CC0.
* Commenting on EU level copyright policy.

==Translation==

We aim to translate licenses into Finnish and Swedish. Most of our other communication will be in Finnish only.

CC0 is completed in Finnish, other translations are in progress.

Case Studies/LeMill

2013-11-08T13:09:36Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Case Study
|Description=Wiki-like non-profit OER repository for teachers and content creators. In addition to traditional OER, LeMill includes activity and tool resources to aid teachers in planning their teaching.
|Mainurl=http://lemill.net/
|Author=Aalto University
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=OER
|License short name=CC BY-SA
|CC adoption date=2006
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|Country=Finland,Estonia,Europe,global
|Quote=Web community for finding, authoring and sharing open educational resources
|importance=High
|quality=C-Class
}}
== Overview ==
[http://lemill.net/ LeMill] is an online community for "finding, authoring and sharing" open educational resources (OER). LeMill was developed by the LeMill team led by the Learning Environments Research Group of Media Lab at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland (currently part of Aalto University). As of September 2013, LeMill has over 40,000 teachers contributing from 71 countries and over 60,000 learning resources in 86 languages, making it one of the largest OER repositories in the world.

== License Usage ==

LeMill resources are licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ CC Attribution-ShareAlike]. Media pieces reused as part of larger resources may also be licensed under other, more permissive licenses. An open license is a core requirement for the wiki-like editing of LeMill to be legally possible. Convincing national ministries of education on the benefits of open licenses has been a challenge.

== Motivations ==

LeMill was designed by the researches of the Learning Environments research group. They have been long proponents of web technologies and free education. All the software the team has made has been published under an OSI approved open source license. In 2006, Creative Commons was already the de facto standard for open content, so it was a natural choice. The selection of CC BY-SA was a clear decision, as the problems related to the NC clause were clear, and the wiki-like editing of LeMill would not work with the ND clause.

== Technical Details ==

LeMill is implemented as a Zope product, and is an open source software project published under the GPL.

== Media ==
'''Please include any screenshots, logos, links to videos, audio files, press hits, etc. To upload a file, open a separate window and click through [[Special:Upload]].'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

Case Studies/LeMill

2013-11-08T13:05:23Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=C-Class
|Description=Wiki-like non-profit OER repository for teachers and content creators. In addition to traditional OER, LeMill includes activity and tool resources to aid teachers in planning their teaching.
|Mainurl=http://lemill.net/
|Author=Aalto university
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=OER
|License short name=CC BY-SA
|CC adoption date=2006
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|Country=global
|Quote=Web community for finding, authoring and sharing open educational resources
}}
== Overview ==
[http://lemill.net/ LeMill] is an online community for "finding, authoring and sharing" open educational resources (OER). LeMill was developed by the LeMill team led by the Learning Environments Research Group of Media Lab at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland (currently part of Aalto university). As of August 2012, LeMill has nearly ~30,000 teachers contributing from 71 countries and over 50,000 learning resources in 77 languages.

== License Usage ==

LeMill resources are licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ CC Attribution-ShareAlike]. Media pieces reused as part of larger resources may also be licensed under other, more permissive licenses. An open license is a core requirement for the wiki-like editing of LeMill to be legally possible. Convincing national ministries of education on the benefits of open licenses has been a challenge.

== Motivations ==

LeMill was designed by the researches of the Learning Environments research group. They have been long proponents of web technologies and free education. All the software the team has made has been published under an OSI approved open source license. In 2006, Creative Commons was already the de facto standard for open content, so it was a natural choice. The selection of CC BY-SA was a clear decision, as the problems related to the NC clause were clear, and the wiki-like editing of LeMill would not work with the ND clause.

== Technical Details ==

LeMill is implemented as a Zope product, and is an open source software project published under the GPL.

== Media ==
'''Please include any screenshots, logos, links to videos, audio files, press hits, etc. To upload a file, open a separate window and click through [[Special:Upload]].'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

Case Studies/Le Mill

2013-11-08T13:03:47Z

CCID-tarmo: Tarmo Toikkanen moved page Case Studies/Le Mill to Case Studies/LeMill: fixing incorrect spelling

#REDIRECT [[Case Studies/LeMill]]

Case Studies/LeMill

2013-11-08T13:03:32Z

CCID-tarmo: Tarmo Toikkanen moved page Case Studies/Le Mill to Case Studies/LeMill: fixing incorrect spelling

{{Case Study
|Description=Wiki-like non-profit OER repository for teachers and content creators. In addition to traditional OER, LeMill includes activity and tool resources to aid teachers in planning their teaching.
|Mainurl=http://lemill.net/
|Author=Aalto university
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=OER
|License short name=CC BY-SA
|CC adoption date=2006
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|Country=global
|Quote=Web community for finding, authoring and sharing open educational resources
}}
== Overview ==
[http://lemill.net/ LeMill] is an online community for "finding, authoring and sharing" open educational resources (OER). LeMill was developed by the LeMill team led by the Learning Environments Research Group of Media Lab at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland (currently part of Aalto university). As of August 2012, LeMill has nearly ~30,000 teachers contributing from 71 countries and over 50,000 learning resources in 77 languages.

== License Usage ==

LeMill resources are licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ CC Attribution-ShareAlike]. Media pieces reused as part of larger resources may also be licensed under other, more permissive licenses. An open license is a core requirement for the wiki-like editing of LeMill to be legally possible. Convincing national ministries of education on the benefits of open licenses has been a challenge.

== Motivations ==

LeMill was designed by the researches of the Learning Environments research group. They have been long proponents of web technologies and free education. All the software the team has made has been published under an OSI approved open source license. In 2006, Creative Commons was already the de facto standard for open content, so it was a natural choice. The selection of CC BY-SA was a clear decision, as the problems related to the NC clause were clear, and the wiki-like editing of LeMill would not work with the ND clause.

== Technical Details ==

LeMill is implemented as a Zope product, and is an open source software project published under the GPL.

== Media ==
'''Please include any screenshots, logos, links to videos, audio files, press hits, etc. To upload a file, open a separate window and click through [[Special:Upload]].'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

Case Studies/Europeana

2013-11-08T12:54:37Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Case Study
|importance=High
|quality=Stub
|Description=Europeana — Europe’s digital library, museum and archive, and the first major adopter of the Public Domain Mark — has adopted a new Data Exchange Agreement which releases metadata for millions of cultural works into the public domain using the CC0 public domain dedication.
|License short name=PD, CC0
|Format=Data
|Image_Header=http://creativecommons.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Europeana_logo_English_Horses.jpg
}}
== Overview ==

'''Please provide an overview of the work. Describe the author or organization (location, funding/business model, partner organizations), objectives, current projects.'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

== License Usage ==

'''Please specify the license adopted. How is the license applied? Can you provide any available statistics? What has been the author or organization's experience with Creative Commons licenses so far – what have been the benefits and lessons learned?'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

== Motivations ==

'''How did the author or organization first hear about Creative Commons? Why did they choose to license under Creative Commons? Which license did they select and why? Any other issues you may have come across/comments you’d like to make.'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

== Impact ==
'''What is the impact of this CC-enabled project or resource? Specifically, what has the license enabled that otherwise would not exist? Provide statistics or other data if possible.'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

== Technical Details ==

'''Provide any technical details of the implementation here'''

== Media ==
'''Please include any screenshots, logos, links to videos, audio files, press hits, etc. To upload a file, open a separate window and click through [[Special:Upload]].'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.

Case Studies/Fi:Kopiokissa

2013-11-08T09:47:10Z

CCID-tarmo: Created page with "{{Case Study |Description=Kopiokissa kertoo tekijänoikeuksista ja avoimista sisällöistä nopeasti, viihdyttävästi ja oivalluttavasti, yhden sivun mittaisissa sarjakuvissa..."

{{Case Study
|Description=Kopiokissa kertoo tekijänoikeuksista ja avoimista sisällöistä nopeasti, viihdyttävästi ja oivalluttavasti, yhden sivun mittaisissa sarjakuvissa. Sarjakuvat soveltuvat sekä opettajille että heidän oppilailleen ja niitä saa käyttää vapaasti opetuksessa. Sarjakuvat julkaistiin vuoden 2013 aikana Creative Commons -lisenssillä CC BY.
|Mainurl=http://www.opettajantekijanoikeus.fi/kopiokissa/
|Author=Tarmo Toikkanen, Sanna Vilmusenaho
|User_Status=Creator
|License short name=CC BY
|CC adoption date=2012
|Format=Image
|Country=Finland
}}
== Yleiskatsaus ==

Kopiokissa-sarjakuva tuotettiin ESR-rahoitteisessa AVO2-hankkeessa, jota koordinoi Suomen eOppimiskeskus. Sarjakuvan tekivät Aalto-yliopiston Oppimisympäristöjen tutkimusryhmän jäsenet Tarmo Toikkanen ja Sanna Vilmusenaho. AVO2-hankkeen tavoitteena on yleisesti avointen sisältöjen ja avoimen toimintatavan edistäminen koulutussektorilla. Kopiokissa-sarjakuvassa pyritään selventämään tekijänoikeuslain kiemuroita sekä avointen sisältöjen mahdollisuuksia sarjakuvan kerrontatavalla. Sarjakuvan suunnittelu aloitettiin vuonna 2012 ja se valmistui syksyllä 2013.

== Käytetty lisenssi ==

Sarjakuvat on julkaistu CC BY -lisenssillä, jolla kannustetaan sarjakuvien levittämistä kouluissa sekä niiden käyttöä remiksauksessa. Avoin lisenssi on osoittautunut helpoksi tavaksi opettajien ymmärtää, että tätä sarjakuvaa saa kopioida ja levittää vaikkapa opettajanhuoneessa tai jakaa oppilaille ilman rajoituksia.

== Motivaatio ==

Sarjakuvan tekijät ovat olleet tekemisissä avointen sisältöjen kanssa jo vuosia. Tarmo Toikkanen on kirjoittanut Opettajan tekijänoikeusoppaan (yhdessä Ville Oksasen kanssa), jossa käsitellään myös Creative Commons -lisenssejä. Sanna Vilmusenaho on toiminut Aalto-yliopiston tekijänoikeusasiamiehen kanssa tekijänoikeusohjeiden visualisoinnissa ja tehnyt oman maisterin opinnäytetyönsä videoremiksauksesta.

Sarjakuvaa suunnitellessa oli vaihtoehtoina valita CC BY-SA tai CC BY. Lopulta päädyttiin avoimempaan CC BY -lisenssiin, jotta sarjakuvan mahdollisia käännöksiä tai muita remiksauksia voitaisiin julkaista ilman epäilyksiä tilanteessa kuin tilanteessa.

== Vaikutukset ==

Kopiokissa-sarjakuva julkaistiin vuoden 2013 aikana sekä verkossa että Opettaja-lehdessä (levikki noin 100 000, lukijamäärä 170 000). Jokainen 12:sta jaksosta julkaistiin eri lehdessä puolen vuoden aikana. Sarjakuva käsittelee tekijänoikeuksia yleisemminkin, mutta monessa jaksossa sivutaan avoimia lisenssejä tai jopa keskitytään nimenomaan niihin.

== Tekniset yksityiskohdat ==

Sarjakuva piirrettiin kynällä paperille, skannattiin ja koostettiin Photoshopissa. Verkossa julkaistiin joka sarjakuvasta korkearesoluutioinen kuva sekä PDF-versio. CC-lisenssi on näkyvissä itse kuvassa, mutta upotettuna myös XMP:nä tiedostoihin.

Verkkojulkaisualusta on Wordpress, jossa sarjakuvat julkaistaan kuvakarttoina käyttäen ImageMapper-nimistä pluginia. Tiettyihin sarjakuvan osiin liitettiin lisätietoja ja linkkejä, jotka avautuvat hiirellä tai sormella koskiessa.

== Media ==

Sarjakuva on luettavissa osoitteessa http://www.opettajantekijanoikeus.fi/kopiokissa/, josta on saatavilla myös tulostukseen sopivat PDF-tiedostot sekä remiksaukseen soveltuvia resursseja (mm. sarjakuvat ilman tekstejä, vaihtoehtoisia asetteluja sekä sarjakuvan hahmoja taustasta irrotettuina).

Finland

2013-09-13T06:59:27Z

CCID-tarmo: removed mention on 3.0 and 4.0 localizations, added CC0

Finland

2012-12-10T06:25:23Z

CCID-tarmo:

Finland

2012-11-30T07:28:18Z

CCID-tarmo:

Finland

2012-11-30T07:25:26Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Jurisdiction
|jurstatus=Active
|status=1.0
|country code=fi
|homepage=http://creativecommons.fi/
|region=Europe
|affiliated=Aalto university
|affurl=http://www.aalto.fi
|afftype=academic institution
|afftype2=academic institution
|afftype3=law firm
|afftype4=NGO
|plead1=Tarmo Toikkanen
|pemail1=tarmo.toikkanen@aalto.fi
|ptitle1=researcher
|plead2=Sanna Marttila
|pemail2=sanna.marttila@aalto.fi
|ptitle2=researcher
|plead3=Maria Rehbinder
|pemail3=maria.rehbinder@aalto.fi
|ptitle3=legal councel
|teamsize=3
|flagurl=http://creativecommons.org/images/international/fi.png
}}
The Creative Commons Finland license suite is available in the following version. [http://creativecommons.org/choose/?jurisdiction=fi License your work] under these licenses, or [http://creativecommons.org/choose choose] the international licenses. [http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ#Should_I_choose_an_international_license_or_a_ported_license.3F More info].

*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/fi/ Attribution 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/fi/ Attribution - Non-Commercial 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/fi/ Attribution - Non-Commercial - Share Alike 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/1.0/fi/ Attribution - NoDerivs 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/fi/ Attribution - NoDerivs - Non-Commercial 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/fi/ Attribution - Share Alike 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc/1.0/fi/ Non-Commercial 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc-sa/1.0/fi/ Non-Commercial - Share Alike 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nd/1.0/fi/ NoDerivs 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nd-nc/1.0/fi/ NoDerivs Non-Commercial 1.0 Finland]
*[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0/fi/ Share Alike 1.0 Finland]

Many thanks to all who contributed to the localization of the license suite.

Creative Commons is working with [http://www.hiit.fi/ Helsinki Institute for Information Technology] to create Finland jurisdiction-specific licenses from the generic Creative Commons licenses.

=CC Finland List=

Project Lead: [mailto:hxhietan@mappi.helsinki.fi Herkko Hietanen], Helsinki Institute for Information Technology.

*[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/hxhietan/legalcodeFIN.html License Draft]
*[http://www.hiit.fi/de/creativecommons/license/CC_fin_translation.html English explanation of substantive legal changes]
*[mailto:cc-fi%20-at-%20lists.ibiblio.org Post a message]
*[http://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/cc-fi Subscribe to the discussion]
*[http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-fi/ Read the discussion archives]

=More about the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology=

[http://www.hiit.fi/ Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT)], founded in 1999, is a joint research institute of the University of Helsinki and the Helsinki University of Technology. HIIT represents high expertise both in computer science and law. In addition it has close institutional bonds with academic legal science, law-courts and The Finnish Bar Association.

HIIT conducts internationally high-level strategic research in information technology, especially in areas where Finnish IT industry has or may reach a significant global role. HIIT works in close co-operation with universities and industry, aiming to improve the contents, visibility, and impact of Finnish IT research to benefit the competitiveness of Finnish IT industry and the development of the Finnish information society.

More info: http://creativecommons.fi/etusivu

Finland/3.0

2012-11-30T07:14:05Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{License
|Porting status=In progress
|institutions=Aalto university
|translations exist=Yes
|retranslations=fi
|retranslations exist=
|retranslation licenses=
|retranslation URLs=
|copyright length=
|law mirrors=
|jurisdiction mirror=
|first language=
|intended translations=
|adaptation definition=
|work definition=
|distribute definition=
|collection definition=
|original author definition=
|neighboring rights rec=
|what neigh rights=
|other neigh rights=
|protects databases under c=
|sui generis db=
|sui generis length=
|stat comp regime=
|rights waivable=
|voluntary schemes=
|collecting societies=
|rec moral rights=
|moral rights types=
|other moral rights=
|moral rights term=
|moral rights term years=
|moral rights waivable=
|moral rights licenseable=
|has cels=
|cel type=
|other cel=
|warranties=
|liability limits=
|liability limit type=
|form requirements=
|other mandatory provisions=
|other provision desc=
|cc is license=
|infringement remedies=
|damages infringement remedies=
|other damage remedies=
|other infringement remedies=
|cc is contract=
|contract infringement remedies=
|contract damages remedies=
|other contract infringement damages remedies=
|other contract infringement remedies=
|pdr=
|pdrtags=
|scr=
|sctags=
}}

LeMill

2012-11-03T08:34:30Z

CCID-tarmo: added short description

{{Organization
|Organization Name=LeMill
|Mainurl=http://lemill.net
|License short name=CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0
|Open or Free Statement=yes
|Resource URL=http://lemill.net
|License=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
|Organization Type=repository, community, nonprofit site, wikispace,
|Affiliation=Aalto university, Tallinn university, European Commission
|Location=Online,
|Language code=en, de, cs, es, et, fi, fr, hu, ka, lt, pl, pt-br, ro, ru, se
|Tag=content, activities, methods, tools, primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, upper education, wiki
}}

LeMill is a web community for finding, authoring and sharing learning resources. It was originally developed between 2005 and 2008 by the LeMill team lead by the Learning Environments Research Group of the Media Lab at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland, as part of the CALIBRATE project.

LeMill has since then received funding from a number of sources and is kept as a free service for anyone interested in codeveloping learning resources.

LeMill

2012-11-03T08:31:41Z

CCID-tarmo: Added info on LeMill

LeMill

2012-11-03T08:20:48Z

CCID-tarmo: formatting fix

{{ContentDirectory
|mainurl=http://lemill.net
|format=Image, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|size=50000
|free text=LeMill is a free collaborative multilingual OER authoring and publishing site. All content is licensed under CC BY-SA or more permissive.}}

LeMill

2012-11-03T08:19:48Z

CCID-tarmo: LeMill is a free collaborative multilingual OER authoring and publishing site. All content is licensed under CC BY-SA or more permissive.

{{ContentDirectory
|mainurl=http://lemill.net
|format=Image, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|size=50000
}}

|free text=LeMill is a free collaborative multilingual OER authoring and publishing site. All content is licensed under CC BY-SA or more permissive.}}

Finding OER

2012-08-05T21:01:30Z

CCID-tarmo: /* OER repositories */ added LeMill, containing over 50000 CC-licensed resources

There are many different ways to search and discover Open Educational Resources.

== OER specific search ==
* [http://discovered.creativecommons.org/search/ DiscoverEd]

== OER repositories ==
* [http://www.curriki.org/ Curriki]
* [http://www.oercommons.org/ OER Commons]
* [http://lemill.net LeMill]
* [http://cnx.org/ Connexions]
* [http://www.ocwconsortium.org/ OpenCourseWare Consortium]: [http://www.ocwconsortium.org/courses/ocwsites Index of OCW Websites]
* [http://open.jorum.ac.uk/ JorumOpen]
* [http://www.eol.org/ The Encyclopedia of Life]

== General search engines ==
* [http://www.google.com/advanced_search Google search] (use "Usage rights" option)
* [http://search.yahoo.com/cc Yahoo! CC Search]
* [http://www.bing.com/ Bing]

== Developers ==

See ''[[Towards a Global Infrastructure For Sharing Learning Resources]]''.
{{OER Nav}}

{{Translations
| articles = Pt:Descobrir Recursos OER
}}

[[Category:OER Search]]

Finding OER

2012-08-05T20:59:13Z

CCID-tarmo: /* OER repositories */ removed spam link

There are many different ways to search and discover Open Educational Resources.

== OER specific search ==
* [http://discovered.creativecommons.org/search/ DiscoverEd]

== OER repositories ==
* [http://www.curriki.org/ Curriki]
* [http://www.oercommons.org/ OER Commons]
* [http://cnx.org/ Connexions]
* [http://www.ocwconsortium.org/ OpenCourseWare Consortium]: [http://www.ocwconsortium.org/courses/ocwsites Index of OCW Websites]
* [http://open.jorum.ac.uk/ JorumOpen]
* [http://www.eol.org/ The Encyclopedia of Life]

== General search engines ==
* [http://www.google.com/advanced_search Google search] (use "Usage rights" option)
* [http://search.yahoo.com/cc Yahoo! CC Search]
* [http://www.bing.com/ Bing]

== Developers ==

See ''[[Towards a Global Infrastructure For Sharing Learning Resources]]''.
{{OER Nav}}

{{Translations
| articles = Pt:Descobrir Recursos OER
}}

[[Category:OER Search]]

Case Studies/LeMill

2012-08-05T19:58:13Z

CCID-tarmo:

{{Case Study
|Description=Wiki-like non-profit OER repository for teachers and content creators. In addition to traditional OER, LeMill includes activity and tool resources to aid teachers in planning their teaching.
|Mainurl=http://lemill.net/
|Author=Aalto university
|User_Status=Curator
|Tag=OER
|License short name=CC BY-SA
|CC adoption date=2006
|Format=Image, Sound, Text, InteractiveResource, Geodata
|Country=global
|Quote=Web community for finding, authoring and sharing open educational resources
}}
== Overview ==
[http://lemill.net/ LeMill] is an online community for "finding, authoring and sharing" open educational resources (OER). LeMill was developed by the LeMill team led by the Learning Environments Research Group of Media Lab at the University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland (currently part of Aalto university). As of August 2012, LeMill has nearly ~30,000 teachers contributing from 71 countries and over 50,000 learning resources in 77 languages.

== License Usage ==

LeMill resources are licensed under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ CC Attribution-ShareAlike]. Media pieces reused as part of larger resources may also be licensed under other, more permissive licenses. An open license is a core requirement for the wiki-like editing of LeMill to be legally possible. Convincing national ministries of education on the benefits of open licenses has been a challenge.

== Motivations ==

LeMill was designed by the researches of the Learning Environments research group. They have been long proponents of web technologies and free education. All the software the team has made has been published under an OSI approved open source license. In 2006, Creative Commons was already the de facto standard for open content, so it was a natural choice. The selection of CC BY-SA was a clear decision, as the problems related to the NC clause were clear, and the wiki-like editing of LeMill would not work with the ND clause.

== Technical Details ==

LeMill is implemented as a Zope product, and is an open source software project published under the GPL.

== Media ==
'''Please include any screenshots, logos, links to videos, audio files, press hits, etc. To upload a file, open a separate window and click through [[Special:Upload]].'''

Delete the above questions and add text here.