Creative Commons - User contributions [en]

Photography

2013-07-09T17:39:02Z

Ahmetlorc:

The internet and technology have changed how people access images, and photographers are responding by employing new methods to reach audiences. These methods include personal websites, social media tools, photo-sharing platforms and communities, and tools such as Creative Commons licenses that enable easy sharing and reuse of creative works.

CC licenses are a flexible way to share images while building on the strong foundation of traditional copyright law. Simply put, Creative Commons licenses allow the shift from “all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved,” enabling you to share your images under terms of your own choosing. This gives you control over distribution, and the non-exclusivity of the licenses means you can retain all commercial rights if desired.

[[#Photographers_using_CC_licenses|Photographers using CC licenses]] gain new audiences for their work on photo-sharing platforms like [http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons Flickr] and communities like [http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]. Mohamed Nanabhay, Head of Online, Al Jazeera English, [http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/18213 writes]:
:“When launching our [CC] repository, we had thought that it would be a key resource for anyone producing content on the war and that it would primarily be used by other news organisations and documentary filmmakers. What we saw was both surprising and delightful. Soon after posting our first video, Wikipedia editors had extracted images to enhance the encyclopedia entries on the War on Gaza. Soon thereafter educators, filmmakers, video game developers, aid agencies and music video producers all used and built upon our footage.”

Wikipedia is a heavily-trafficked website with over 400 million unique visitors a month. Flickr contains over 200 million CC-licensed photos, establishing it as the Web’s single largest source of CC-licensed content.

In 2008, DigitalPhotoPro published an [http://www.digitalphotopro.com/business/creative-commons.html article on the use of CC licenses by professional photographers] with advice for those thinking of using CC themselves.

==Photographers using CC licenses==

===[[The_Power_of_Open/Text#Jonathan_Worth|Jonathan Worth]]===
:“Creative Commons enables me to use existing architecture really smoothly and to address the digital natives’ social media habits. The mode of information is the same, but the mode of distribution has changed. We don’t have all the answers, but CC lets me choose my ﬂavor and helps me take advantage of the things working against me.”

British photographer Jonathan Worth’s work hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in London. He teaches photography at Coventry University in the U.K, and [http://www.phonar.covmedia.co.uk/ his course materials] are released as open educational resources (OER) under [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA]. He has photographed actors Colin Firth, Rachel Hunter, Jude Law and Heath Ledger. He is also one of an emerging group of photographers experimenting with sustainable working practices for professional image makers in the digital age. Jonathan Worth has been featured in:
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8623680/How-the-Power-of-Open-can-benefit-photographers.html The Telegraph] - How the Power of Open can benefit photographers
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13961051 BBC News] - "Photographer Jonathan Worth explained that Creative Commons allowed him to sell his work for commercial use while still giving it free to individuals who wanted it for other reasons."
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20495489 BBC News] - "Photography and open education"
*[http://thepowerofopen.org/ The Power of Open] - Stories of creators sharing knowledge, art, & data using Creative Commons

===[[Case_Studies/Lan_Bui|Lan Bui]]===
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Lan Bui "makes media." From photography of tech celebrities (Veronica Belmont, Zadi Diaz, Casey McKinnon) and The Ninja to videos for professionals and events (Comic Con and Pixelodeon), Lan (with help from his brother Vu) makes them all from start to finish. Lan echoes the thoughts of other artists using Creative Commons; the idea that your work is, in a way, an advertisement for yourself and future work. Lan expresses this in this way: "I think that people pay me for my time and talent, not for the actual images I deliver."
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===[[Case_Studies/Monkeyc.net|Monkeyc.net]]===
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Monkeyc.net is the moniker of John Harvey, a Brisbane-based former photojournalist who licenses his Flickr [http://www.windows8softwares.com/windowsphone/apps/photo/ photo] stream under Creative Commons. John is an active member of the Flickr community, having first uploaded a photo on 26 September 2004 and now sporting a collection of close to 1,000 images, and encourages others to engage likewise. Several of John’s photographs have been featured on Flickr’s ‘Explore’ page, as an indication of their popularity in the Flickr community.
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===Vinoth Chandar===
Vinoth Chandar is a professional photographer who releases many of his photographs under the [[Creative Commons Attribution]] licence, saying that "I use [the] Attribution Creative Commons licence for all my photos because I want everybody to use my photo and credit me ... This way, my photos reach every corner of the world without any effort from my side except taking the photos and uploading it to Flickr."<ref>http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-12/16/creative-commons-gallery</ref>

One example he used of the exposure provided by free culture licensing was the use of one of his photos for the cover of a popular Italian magazine. "I am an Indian and how else in the world can an Indian photographer expect his photo to be published in an Italian magazine? CC licence made this possible."<ref>http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-12/16/creative-commons-gallery</ref>

==Enforceability of CC licenses in photography==
CC licenses have been upheld in several [[Case_Law|court cases]] around the world. A few of these cases pertain specifically to CC-licensed images.

*In [[Curry_v._Audax |Curry v. Audax]], Adam Curry, a former MTV VJ and one of the pioneers of podcasting, published photos onto his Flickr account under a BY-NC-SA license. A Dutch tabloid reprinted four of the photos in a story about the Curry family's public persona verses real private life. Curry sued the tabloid for violating the portrait rights of his family and for copyright violation over the improper user of his Flickr photos. The Dutch court held that, in the future, the tabloid could not use any of the photos from Flickr in the future unless under the terms of the photos' CC license or with permission from Curry.
*In [[Gerlach_vs._DVU|Gerlach vs. DVU]], Gerlach took a picture of the German politician Thilo Sarrazin at a public event and published it online under the Creative Commons license BY SA 3.0 Unported. Later the DVU, a German political party used the picture on their website without the plaintiff's name, the license notice or any other requirement of the license. The applicant sent a notice and takedown letter to which the party didn't react. Subsequently the applicant sought preliminary injunction before the Disctrict Court of Berlin against the unauthorized publication of the picture. The District Court of Berlin granted the injunction because the applicant had successfully established prima-facie evidence of authorship, of the licensing and of the breach of the license.
*In [[TA_3560/09,_3561/09,_Avi_Re%27uveni_v._Mapa_inc._%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C:_%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94,_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94%D7%9E%22%D7%A9_%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1 |Avi Re’uveni v. Mapa inc.]], plaintiffs uploaded photographs to Flickr and and offered them under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license. The defendant made a collage from the plaintiffs’ and other photographs and sold them without attribution. The court found the defendant guilty of copyright infringement. The defendant claimed ignorance of the copyright and license, but the court found that this did not matter.

==Photo-sharing sites that have enabled CC licenses==

===[[Case_Studies/Flickr|Flickr]]===
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Flickr was one of the first major online communities to incorporate Creative Commons licensing options into its user interface, giving photographers around the world the easy ability to share photos on terms of their choosing. As the Flickr community grew, so did the number of CC-licensed images — currently there are well over 200 million on the site — establishing Flickr as the Web’s single largest source of CC-licensed content.
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===[[Case_Studies/DeviantART|DeviantART]]===
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deviantART is an online community dedicated to showcasing art as prints, videos and literature. CC license options are built into deviantArt's UI, allowing users to set the permissions they want their works to carry. Naturally, different users choose different options for their works, including All Rights Reserved.
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===[http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/22882 Fotopedia]===
Fotopedia is a breathtaking application for the iPad and all versions like iPhone 5. The app builds on the concept of a coffee table book, updating and enhancing the browsing experience for the web. This project is possible thanks to Creative Commons, as over 18,000 of the pictures in Fotopedia Heritage book are under one of the CC licenses. The pictures come from all around the world; as individual photographers and organizations license their high quality photos under Creative Commons, the book will only grow as a community contributed and shareable resource.

===[[Case_Studies/National_Library_of_Australia_'Click_and_Flick'|National Library of Australia: 'Click and Flick']]===
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'Click and Flick' is a National Library of Australia (NLA) initiative to open their online pictorial gateway, PictureAustralia, to contributions from the Australian public. PictureAustralia encourages people to make their material available on the archive under the CC licenses, as part of two dedicated Flickr image pools: ‘PictureAustralia: Ourtown’ and ‘PictureAustralia: People, Places and Events’.
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===[[Case_Studies/Newsbank_Image|Newsbank Image]]===
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Newsbank Image is one of South Korea's largest and most comprehensive photo-archives. The photograph archive website provides images produced by Media companies, photographers as well as web-friendly versions containing watermarks, original images, all which maintain the marking of original creators. Users can choose to upload their photos under CC licenses.
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===[[Case_Studies/Culture.si|Culture.si]]===
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A comprehensive online guide to Slovene culture, Culture.si covers contemporary art, culture, and heritage in Slovenia. Over 2,300 articles in English and the fastest growing independent free image bank (currently over 1,500 images) are offered for reuse under Creative Commons licenses.
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==How To Publish photos in an online community==
One way to increase visibility and access to your photos is to share it with an existing community that has enabled CC licensing, making it easy for you to indicate the license along with other information, such as who to attribute. In addition, search engines like Google and Yahoo! will index your work as CC licensed if the metadata is properly attached. See [[Publish/Images]] for more info.

==Finding CC-licensed photos==
Thanks to the machine-readability of CC licenses, CC-licensed images can be found via:

*[http://images.google.com/advanced_image_search?hl=en Google Advanced Image Search] by specifying options under "Usage Rights"
*[http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/advanced?ei=UTF-8 Yahoo! Advanced Image Search] by specifying options under "Creative Commons License"
*It appears that Yahoo Advanced Image Search no longer offers this option. Can anyone else confirm this?
*[http://docs.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=179622 Google Docs], where Google Image Search has been integrated
*[http://search.creativecommons.org/ CC Search Portal], which is not a search engine, but a tool that offers convenient access to search services provided by independent organizations, such as Flickr, Google, and Wikimedia Commons (media repository for [http://www.articleeveryday.com/ articles] featured on Wikipedia).

==Related resources==
*[[Journalism|CC in Journalism]]
*[[CC_Factsheet|CC Factsheet]]

==References==
<references>

Brazil

2013-07-09T17:33:57Z

Ahmetlorc:

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CC-Brazil

Team: Center for Technology & Society - Getulio Vargas Foundation

Ronaldo Lemos / Eduardo Magrani / Pedro Belchior / Mariana Valente / Sérgio Branco / Pedro Mizukami / Marília Monteiro / Walter Britto / Pedro Augusto / Arthur Protasio / Joana Varon / Jhessica Reia / Koichi Kameda / Bruno Magrani

Date of earliest MOU in jurisdiction: 2003

Vision:

Why is Creative Commons important for the jurisdiction?

Creative Commons has become not only a social practice but a public policy in Brazil. Since the beginning of the Creative Commons project in Brazil in 2003, the CC-Brazil group has promoted adoption of licenses, as well as their importance for open government and other policy initiatives. Creative Commons has become a household name in Brazil, with a strong presence in the Brazilian public sphere.

What do you think makes a successful jurisdiction project?

It is a mix of factors that contribute to the success of CC in Brazil. Among them: (a) partnership with other organizations, both public and private; (b) constant participation in public events, lectures and courses; (c) strong media presence; (d) grassroots support from various communities, from [http://www.windows8softwares.com free software] to Wikimedia, as well as musicians, writers, bloggers, journalists and others; (e) constant debates about copyright in Brazil, which is promoting a copyright reform law.

How do you see the jurisdiction project contributing to the CC Affiliate Network?

Cooperation with other LatAm countries is essential and should be regarded as a priority. Sadly, for broader reasons Brazil ends up being rather isolated from other LatAm countries, which is bad in every possible sense. CC is a very important possibility for integration, since the challenges in the region have similarities, as well as social and political contexts. Also, CC-Brazil is a senior affiliate and can help some new affiliates if they find it´s necessary.

Brazil

2013-07-09T17:32:53Z

Ahmetlorc:

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|mailing list=http://groups.google.com/group/brasilcc
|twitter=http://twitter.com/cc_br
|otherurl=Centre for Technology and Society - FGV Direito Rio
Praia de Botafogo, 190, 13th floor - 22250-900
+55 21 3799-5494
http://direitorio.fgv.br/cts
|mailing=webmaster@creativecommons.org.br
|region=Latin America
|affiliated=Fundação Getulio Vargas
|affurl=http://www.fgv.br/
|afftype=academic institution
|affiliated2=Centre for Technology and Society - FGV Direito Rio
|affurl2=http://direitorio.fgv.br/cts
|afftype2=academic institution
|plead1=Ronaldo Lemos da Silva Júnior
|pemail1=rlemos@fgv.br
|ptitle1=Affiliate
|plead2=Eduardo Magrani
|pemail2=eduardo.magrani@fgv.br
|ptitle2=Affiliate
|plead3=Pedro Belchior
|pemail3=pedro.belchior@fgv.br
|ptitle3=Affiliate
|plead4=Mariana Valente
|pemail4=mariana.valente@fgv.br
|ptitle4=Affiliate
|plead5=Walter Gaspar
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CC-Brazil

Team: Center for Technology & Society - Getulio Vargas Foundation

Ronaldo Lemos / Eduardo Magrani / Pedro Belchior / Mariana Valente / Sérgio Branco / Pedro Mizukami / Marília Monteiro / Walter Britto / Pedro Augusto / Arthur Protasio / Joana Varon / Jhessica Reia / Koichi Kameda / Bruno Magrani

Date of earliest MOU in jurisdiction: 2003

Vision:

Why is Creative Commons important for the jurisdiction?

Creative Commons has become not only a social practice but a public policy in Brazil. Since the beginning of the Creative Commons project in Brazil in 2003, the CC-Brazil group has promoted adoption of licenses, as well as their importance for open government and other policy initiatives. Creative Commons has become a household name in Brazil, with a strong presence in the Brazilian public sphere.

What do you think makes a successful jurisdiction project?

It is a mix of factors that contribute to the success of CC in Brazil. Among them: (a) partnership with other organizations, both public and private; (b) constant participation in public events, lectures and courses; (c) strong media presence; (d) grassroots support from various communities, from [http://www.windows8softwares free software] to Wikimedia, as well as musicians, writers, bloggers, journalists and others; (e) constant debates about copyright in Brazil, which is promoting a copyright reform law.

How do you see the jurisdiction project contributing to the CC Affiliate Network?

Cooperation with other LatAm countries is essential and should be regarded as a priority. Sadly, for broader reasons Brazil ends up being rather isolated from other LatAm countries, which is bad in every possible sense. CC is a very important possibility for integration, since the challenges in the region have similarities, as well as social and political contexts. Also, CC-Brazil is a senior affiliate and can help some new affiliates if they find it´s necessary.

Public domain

2013-07-09T17:24:42Z

Ahmetlorc:

When a work is in the '''public domain''', it is free for use by anyone for any purpose without restriction under copyright law. Public domain is the purest form of open/free, since no one owns or controls the material in any way.

Works that are in the public domain in one legal jurisdiction are not necessarily in the public domain worldwide. Copyright laws differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, both in duration of protection and what constitutes copyrightable subject matter. For example [http://usa.gov/copyright.shtml a US Government work] clearly in the public domain in the United States may or may not be free of restrictions and in the public domain in other jurisdiction. At present, one of the only ways to be certain that a particular work is in the public domain worldwide is to see if the holder has dedicated all rights to the work to the public domain by using http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0

Creative Commons licenses do not affect the status of a work that is in the public domain under applicable law, because our licenses only apply to works that are protected by copyright. For more information, see [[Before Licensing| our Licensing Guide]] to what you should know before you license a work using CC licenses

Find out more about [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain CC's public domain tools], and learn more about public domain.

== When does a work enter the public domain? ==

This varies by country. To see when a work in the [[United States]] enters the public domain see.[http://copyright.gov/pr/pdomain.html gov's] public domain page.

Cornell University has also provided a handy table about copyright term and the public domain in the United States.

== Creative Commons public domain tools ==

* [[CC0]] (occasionally written as CC Zero) is a public domain dedication that allows copyright holders to place works in the public domain to the extent legally possible, worldwide.
* CC's [http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Public Domain Mark] allows anyone to mark a work that is already free of copyright restrictions around the world .

See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain for more information on CC's public domain tools.

Public domain content in practice is any content without copyright. It may be freed from restrictions by the legal copyright, or the copyright may lapse after a certain time.

The details in practice vary between countries. More information about public domain can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain Wikipedia's article on the public domain].

== Appropedia's Public Domain Search ==

[http://appropedia.org/Appropedia%27s_Public_Domain_Search Appropedia'][http://www.windows8softwares.com s] Public Domain Search was started in late 2007 when it was discovered there was no effective public available. This operates on a completely different method to searches using the Creative Commons marks. It uses a manually maintained index of known sites to be public domain - thus it is does not yield 100% public results, and content must be checked to confirm public domain status. Reliability is expected to improve and feedback by users is encouraged.

As CC public domain tools become widely used, searches based on the CC marks would be expected to a take over from Appropedia's Public Domain Search

== See also ==

* [[Cultivating the Public Domain]]
{{Translations
| articles = Hr:Javno dobro, Pt:Domínio público, Ru:Общественное достояние
}}

[[Category:Public domain]]